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PubMed1995

Nursing interventions classification (NIC).

The Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) is the first comprehensive classification of treatments that nurses perform. It is a standardized language of both nurse-initiated and physician-initiated nursing treatments. An alphabetical listing of 336 interventions was published in a book in May 1992 [Iowa Intervention Project, McCloskey, J. C., & Bulechek, G. M. (eds). Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book]. Each NIC intervention is composed of a label, a definition, a set of activities that a nurse does to carry out the intervention, and a short list of background readings. NIC interventions include: the physiological (e.g., Acid-Base Management, Airway Suctioning, Pressure Ulcer Care) and the psychosocial (e.g., Anxiety Reduction, Preparatory Sensory Information, Home Maintenance Assistance); illness treatment (e.g., Hyperglycemia Management, Ostomy Care, Shock Management), illness prevention (e.g., Fall Prevention, Infection Protection, Immunization/Vaccination Administration), and health promotion (e.g., Exercise Promotion, Nutrition Management, Smoking Cessation Assistance); and those used for individuals and those for families (e.g., Family Integrity Promotion, Family Support). Most recently, indirect care interventions (e.g., Emergency Cart Checking, Supply Management) have been developed. Research methods used to develop the classification include content analysis, expert survey, focus group review, similarity analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The research, conducted by a large team of investigators at the University of Iowa and supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research, is ongoing. Since the 1992 publication, approximately 50 additional interventions have been developed, a taxonomic structure has been constructed and validated, a feedback and review system has been established and implemented, NIC interventions have been linked to nursing diagnoses, and five clinical agencies are serving as field sites to study the implementation process of NIC in nursing information systems. A numerical coding system for the interventions will be available in 1995. A second edition of the NIC book is in early preparation and will be available from Mosby-Year Book in early 1996. NIC facilitates the implementation of a Nursing Minimum Data Set. The use of NIC to plan and document care will facilitate the collection of large databases that will allow us to study the effectiveness and cost of nursing treatments. The use of standardized language provides for the continuity of care and enhances communication between nurses and other providers. NIC provides nursing with the treatment language that is essential for the computerized health care record. The domains and classes provide a description of the essence of nursing. NIC is helpful in representing nursing to the public and in socializing students to the profession. The coded interventions can be used in documentation and in reimbursement. For the first time in the history of nursing, nurses have a language which can be used to describe their treatments. The language is comprehensive and can be used by nurses in all settings and in all specialties. poster, giving an overview of the development of NIC, will be accompanied by a display of books and publications about NIC and its use.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1996

Myelodysplastic syndromes.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a framework of information from which the nurse can collaborate with the health care team to plan, coordinate, and deliver care to persons with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and their families. DATA SOURCES: Research studies, book chapters, and review articles pertaining to the classification, pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MDS. CONCLUSIONS: The MDS are a group of hematologic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, and a propensity to transform into acute myelogenous leukemia. The primary treatment is supportive care; however, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant, and hematopoietic growth factors are also used. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Assessment, education, emotional support, monitoring of complications, and provision of help to the patient with fatigue to prioritize activities and plan periods of rest are important supportive care measures.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Headache: interdisciplinary cooperation].

Tendency towards subspecialization in medicine, especially in medical literature, endangers the patient who does not fit in one of the specialities. Hence he may be treated badly or not at all. Headache forms an interdisciplinary meeting point and shows this in high grade. Four following reviews of books on headache will demonstrate it. Each of it claims a good deal of competence and authority. In itself however the four books are widely contradictory. Our concept of multidimensional classification in headache builds up a planned polypragmasy using target symptoms. This is an attempt to evade such dilemma. Further seems to be needed: better knowledge of the marginal territories in our specialization, closer interdisciplinary cooperation and maybe a new organisation of medical system.

Austria↗
PubMed1996

Glial neoplasms: classification, treatment, and pathways for the future.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To provide a review of glial neoplasms including histologic classification, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, treatment options, and nursing care. DATA SOURCES: Articles, books, proceedings of national meetings. DATA SYNTHESIS: Glial neoplasms vary according to prognosis and treatment options based on histologic classifications. Prediction of deficits and potential complications of disease and treatment can prepare the patient and healthcare provider in management. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy or combinations of these options. New treatment regimes currently are being investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant gliomas, the outlook remains poor. As new combination treatment regimens become available, nursing care will significantly affect outcome and quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Goals of nursing care include prevention and education related to tumor- and treatment-related side effects, providing support and coordinating referrals to appropriate services during the disease process, and helping the patient and family cope with this devastating disease.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

PhyloFacts: an online structural phylogenomic encyclopedia for protein functional and structural classification.

The Berkeley Phylogenomics Group presents PhyloFacts, a structural phylogenomic encyclopedia containing almost 10,000 'books' for protein families and domains, with pre-calculated structural, functional and evolutionary analyses. PhyloFacts enables biologists to avoid the systematic errors associated with function prediction by homology through the integration of a variety of experimental data and bioinformatics methods in an evolutionary framework. Users can submit sequences for classification to families and functional subfamilies. PhyloFacts is available as a worldwide web resource from http://phylogenomics.berkeley.edu/phylofacts.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A possible classification of suicidal acts based on Murray's need system.

Recently, Baechler (in his book Suicides) stated that the central question for suicidological investigation was: "What kind of people seek what solutions to what problems by means of suicide?" It can be argued that the principal problems of human beings relate to the frustration of their satisfaction of a variety of psychological needs. Thus, a full accounting of human needs might furnish a psychologically meaningful basis for a better understanding of suicidal events. Happily, such an explication already exists (in Henry Murray's Explorations in Personality). A classification of suicidal acts based on Murray's need system is proposed. A brief example is given.

Frustration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparing the information content of two large olfactory databases.

The expert's subjectivity in establishing an olfactory description can produce wide discrepancies in different databases listing the odor profile of identical compounds. A representative example is obtained by comparing the odorous compounds included in the "Perfumery Materials and Performance 2001" (PMP2001) database and in Arctander's books (1960 and 1969). To better assess this problem, classification models obtained by using the adaptive fuzzy partition method were established on subsets of these databases distributed into the same olfactory classes. The robustness and the prediction power of these models give a powerful criterion for evaluating the "quality" of their information content and for deciding which is the most trustable database.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Cancer of the oropharynx: classification and natural history.

The development, comparative anatomy, and function of the oropharynx are briefly described. The text book descriptions of the anatomical boundaries of the oropharynx are commented on and an attempt is made to define these boundaries more rigidly and accurately. Although the advantages and limitations of the UICC classification of oropharyngeal cancer is accepted, an alternative classification is suggested based on the function of the site involved rather than its descriptive anatomy. This has resulted in a necessary rearrangement of the tumor sites and subsites. Subdivision into three sites is suggested: 1. An anterior or glosso-epiglottic; 2. Lateral or tonsillar; 3. Postero-superior or pharyngoepiglotti. The main change has been in the lateral group, the faucial pillars being separated from the tonsil and reallocated. Three different forms of tonsillar cancer are described in some detail; the linguo (glosso) tonsillar sulcus receives mention. A general account is given of the remaining anterior and posterior sites.

Epiglottis↗
PubMed2004

State of the science in brain tumor classification.

OBJECTIVES: To review the incidence of metastatic and primary brain tumors and the most widely used brain tumor classification systems, and to discuss discoveries advancing the understanding, classification, and grading of selected brain tumor histologies. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles, text books, epidemiologic and statistical reports. CONCLUSION: Recent advances in understanding the molecular biology of brain tumors have shown that molecular and genetic signatures may predict brain tumor behavior and may soon guide tumor classification, diagnosis, and tumor-specific treatment strategies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Understanding recent advances in the molecular biology of brain tumors is important because these advances may soon guide treatment decisions. New tumor-specific therapeutic opportunities may improve outcomes as well as the care of persons with brain tumors.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed2005

Dusting off another shelf: further comments on classic gynecologic pathology books of yesteryear.

Selected outstanding books from the older literature on gynecologic pathology are reviewed with emphasis on drawing attention to the abundant helpful information and often outstanding illustrations that are worthy of review by present-day pathologists. This represents a follow up to a previous similar essay that appeared in Volume 19:67-84, 2000. The first three books cover general gynecological pathology: Gynecological Pathology by Carl Abel; Gynecological and Obstetrical Pathology by Robert T. Frank; and Haines and Taylor's Gynaecological Pathology by Magnus Haines and Claud W. Taylor. Each of them emphasizes the time-honored problem of mimicry of malignancy by diverse benign lesions or even aspects of normal histology. Awareness of the clinical background and cooperation between the clinician and pathologist are emphasized. The other three books considered are all devoted largely or exclusively to the ovary: Ovarian Tumors by Hans Selye, Ovarian Neoplasms, Morphology, and Classification by Karel Motlik, and Special Tumors of Ovary and Testis and Related Extragonadal Lesions by Gunnar Teilum. The book of Selye has a truly remarkable encyclopedic coverage of the older literature, the references being so comprehensive that they are presented in a separate volume. A number of aspects of the histopathology of ovarian tumors that have been emphasized in recent years are noted in Selye's book. Dr. Motlik's book presents a very high quality consideration of the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Teilum's book contains a masterful account of the histopathology of germ cell tumors emphasizing a neoplasm with which his name will always be associated, the yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor). Numerous beautiful and refreshingly large illustrations are provided, and Dr. Teilum's interest in comparative pathology is evident in the pages, his linking of the famous Schiller-Duval bodies with the endodermal sinuses of the rat placenta, being the most notable example.

Gynecology↗
PubMed2005

The importance of parenting in the development of disorganized attachment: evidence from a preventive intervention study in adoptive families.

BACKGROUND: As infant disorganized attachment is a serious risk factor for later child psychopathology, it is important to examine whether attachment disorganization can be prevented or reduced. METHOD: In a randomized intervention study involving 130 families with 6-month-old adopted infants, two attachment-based intervention programs were tested. In the first program, mothers were provided a personal book, and in the second program mothers received the same personal book and three home-based sessions of video feedback. The third group did not receive intervention (control group). RESULTS: The intervention with video feedback and the personal book resulted in enhanced maternal sensitive responsiveness (d=.65). Children of mothers who received this intervention were less likely to be classified as disorganized attached at the age of 12 months (d=.46), and received lower scores on the rating scale for disorganization than children in the control group (d=.62). In the book-only intervention group children showed lower disorganization ratings compared to the control group, but no effect on the number of infants with disorganized attachment classifications was found. CONCLUSION: Our short-term preventive intervention program with video feedback and a book lowered the rate of disorganized attachment. The effectiveness of our intervention documents the importance of parenting in the development of infant attachment disorganization.

Adoption↗
PubMed1994

The history of urinary microscopy to the end of the 19th century.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, several authors performed urinary microscopy occasionally and were often unable to give their observations a practical diagnostic application. Such men included De Peiresc, Boerhaave, Ledermüller and Galeazzi. In the 1st half of the 19th century, however, urinary microscopy began to be used systematically. Rayer and Vigla identified for the first time elements other than crystals in urine and contributed to the methodology of handling samples for microscopy. Becquerel described dysmorphic erythrocytes, and Simon and Henle observed casts in urine and in histological preparations. In contrast, Bird mentioned casts only in passing, though he described many other elements and published the first complete book on urinary microscopy. The 2nd half of the 19th century was characterized by further advances, and in the book of Beale tubular cells were distinguished from other epithelial cells. Different types of casts were also linked with different renal diseases. By 1875 the classification of casts was complete. The work of the 19th century microscopists culminated in Rieder's book on clinical microscopy, which described each element of urinary sediment through 36 beautiful chromolithographic plates.

England↗
PubMed1997

Is outpatient cholecystectomy safe for the higher-risk elective patient?

BACKGROUND: This study was done to determine the safety of outpatient cholecystectomy for the higher-risk patient. METHODS: All patients over age 70 or with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of 3 or greater, from all 515 consecutive patients booked for elective cholecystectomy between April 1, 1994, and March 31, 1996, were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 85 higher-risk patients, 77 were booked as outpatients. Sixty-one were successfully completed as outpatients, with no complications or readmissions related to their outpatient status. Of 24 admitted patients, 15 had specific indications for hospitalization. Nine were admitted for reasons of "precaution." One of these developed a complication, possibly related to her inpatient status. The other eight could have been managed as outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient cholecystectomy is safe for the higher-risk patient. Patients who recover uneventfully from surgery can be discharged without harmful effects. "Precautionary" hospitalization may be harmful.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Lymphoma at the extremes of age.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a review of the unique features of both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in pediatric and geriatric patient populations. Treatment approaches and nursing care interventions at the extremes of age will be discussed. DATA SOURCES: Review articles, research studies, and book chapters. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy whose classification and management have undergone significant evolution. Of particular concern has been lymphoma's prevalence and treatment at the extremes of age. Appropriate treatment by age and subtype remains controversial. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The nursing care of pediatric and geriatric patients with lymphoma presents numerous challenges in education, symptom management, and supportive care.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Global impact of Danish headache research.

Over the past 40 years, Denmark has established a world reputation for the comprehensive nature and excellence of its headache research. Advances have been made in epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology and treatment across the whole spectrum of headache entities. Moreover, the IHS classification of headache, the guidelines for clinical trials and text books on the basic mechanisms and management of headaches were initiated from Denmark. These achievements are a tribute to all those who have participated and to the continuing leadership of Jes Olesen.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗