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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Schedule-controlled behavior in the morphine-dependent rat.

The behavioral effects of acute and chronic administration of morphine and its withdrawal were studied using schedule-controlled responsing in the rat under a differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) schedule of food presentation. Acute morphine administration had a biphasic effect on response rate. Low dses (1.8-5.6 mg/kg) tended to produce a small increase and higher doses (10-30 mg/kg) decreased responding. Physical dependence was produced by twice daily injections, with an initial dose of 40 mg/kg/day which was increased by 80 mg/kg/day until reaching 600 mg/kg/day which was continued for 14 days. Throughout chronic administration the pattern of responding remained disrupted resulting in a 27-47 percent decrease in presentations of the reinforcer, while response rate was more variable and generally decreased. The effects of morphine withdrawal lasted 5 days and produced an initial maked decrease in reinforecements per hour and a biphasic change in response rate. A marked decrease in responding early in withdrawal (22.5 hr) was followed by a marked and more prolonged (70.5-118.5 hr) response rate increase.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of transient forebrain ischemia induced by four vessel occlusion using schedule-controlled behavior.

Transient (5-min) global forebrain ischemia, induced by four- vessel occlusion, was assessed using a multiple fixed-ratio, fixed-interval schedule of food presentation in five rats. Under control conditions, the schedule produced distinctive response rates in each schedule component. Initially, ischemia disrupted responding under both schedule components, and to approximately the same degree. In general, total session responses returned to pre-occlusion levels during the course of 45 post-occlusion days, however, response rates under the fixed-interval component showed slightly less recovery than those under the fixed-ratio component. Histological assessment revealed considerable variability in hippocampal damage between rats. Severe damage in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 formations was observed in a single rat, and that rat also showed the greatest degree of response disruption. These results suggest that schedule-controlled responding may be a valuable method for assessing the effects of ischemic injury, and thus, putative neuroprotective compounds, on complex behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Behavioral control of L-dopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinsonism.

A patient experiencing L-dopa induced dyskinesia severe enough to prevent normal functioning was treated with behavior therapy utilizing meditation. The effects of treatment were assessed in a single case experimental design. Phase 1 consisted of baseline monitoring of severity and duration of episodes of left extremity jerking. During Phase 2, treatment was started with twice daily meditation for 30 minutes with an accompanying decrease in dose of daily L-dopa. Severity and duration of episodes were significantly reduced, and this was maintained through Phase 3 when the Phase 1 dose of L-dopa was reintroduced. The subject resumed normal functioning following treatment. A natural reversal occurred when he stopped meditating. During Phase 4, the recurrent high severity and duration of jerking were once again reduced when meditation was reinstated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Laypeople's attitudes toward drug treatment for behavioral control depend on which disorder and which drug.

One hundred four laypeople were asked to rate two vignettes describing the use of psychotropic medication to treat behavior problems in school-aged boys. These problems were described as a result of either an attention deficit disorder (ADD) with hyperactivity or a seizure disorder. Respondents considered the parents of the ADD child less justified in placing and continuing their child on medication than the parents of the epileptic child. They also thought that drug use would exacerbate the behavior problem more for the ADD child than for the epileptic child. It is suggested that by being aware of and acknowledging the existence of these attitudes, clinicians can better deal with concerns that parents may have regarding drug treatment for their children, possibly increasing the chances for a successful outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of solvents on schedule-controlled behavior.

Operant conditioning techniques have been shown to be sensitive to the acute effects of industrial solvents. In the first experiment, five rats trained in a multiple schedule with a fixed-ratio (FR) 10 component and a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) 20-sec component, with a time out 60-sec between reinforcement periods, were exposed to 0.25, 0.50, 1 and 2 ml of toluene in the experimental chamber. The effects were dose-dependent, with an increase in rate in the DRL component and a decrease in FR responding. A second experiment assessing the effects of chronic exposure to thinner in the acquisition of a timing behavior in rats showed an impairment in DRL learning after 4, 8 or 16 weeks of exposure to the solvent: however, rats having a resting period did not differ from control animals. Whereas this finding suggests a reversible impairment in the acquisition of a complex behavior, further research is needed to achieve more definitive conclusions.

Administration, Inhalation↗