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Results for “Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System”

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PubMed1992

Cigarette smoking among American Indians and Alaskan Natives--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1987-1991.

Cardiovascular disease and cancer are two of the leading causes of premature death among American Indians and Alaskan Natives. Although cigarette smoking contributes to these diseases, cigarette smoking behaviors among American Indians and Alaskan Natives have not been well characterized nationally. To better assess the impact of smoking on these populations, CDC analyzed data obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during 1987-1991. This report summarizes the findings from this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998-2003.

BACKGROUND: The authors sought to monitor the impact of widespread varicella vaccination on the epidemiology of varicella and herpes zoster. While varicella incidence would be expected to decrease, mathematical models predict an initial increase in herpes zoster incidence if re-exposure to varicella protects against reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. METHODS: In 1998-2003, as varicella vaccine uptake increased, incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts was monitored using the random-digit-dial Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2003, varicella incidence declined from 16.5/1,000 to 3.5/1,000 (79%) overall with > or = 66% decreases for all age groups except adults (27% decrease). Age-standardized estimates of overall herpes zoster occurrence increased from 2.77/1,000 to 5.25/1,000 (90%) in the period 1999-2003, and the trend in both crude and adjusted rates was highly significant (p < 0.001). Annual age-specific rates were somewhat unstable, but all increased, and the trend was significant for the 25-44 year and 65+ year age groups. CONCLUSION: As varicella vaccine coverage in children increased, the incidence of varicella decreased and the occurrence of herpes zoster increased. If the observed increase in herpes zoster incidence is real, widespread vaccination of children is only one of several possible explanations. Further studies are needed to understand secular trends in herpes zoster before and after use of varicella vaccine in the United States and other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of sedentary lifestyle--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 1991.

Despite increasing evidence of the health benefits of Physical activity, the United States remains predominantly a sedentary society. In 1990, nearly 60% of the U.S. adult population reported little or no leisure-time physical activity. Persons who engage in no physical activity are at higher risk for death from coronary heart disease than are persons who exercise regularly. To estimate the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and identify groups characterized by a high prevalence of physical inactivity, CDC analyzed data on leisure-time physical activity from the 1991 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the results of the survey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Tracking clinical preventive service use: a comparison of the health plan employer data and information set with the behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for meaningful and accurate ways of tracking preventive service delivery among different sectors of the US population. OBJECTIVES: To compare methodologies of and clinical preventive service use estimates obtained from 2 data sets: the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS 3.0) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). METHODS: HEDIS used a combination of mailed-survey, administrative, and medical-record data to measure preventive service use among commercial enrollees of 320 HMOs in 42 states during 1996. BRFSS data are from insured respondents (excluding those reporting Medicare or Medicaid coverage) to a random-digit-dialed telephone survey conducted in the same 42 states during 1996. RESULTS: The median state-specific mammography, Papanicolaou smear, and retinal examination rates reported by HEDIS were consistently and substantially lower than those reported by BRFSS. For mammography, the median HEDIS rate was 72.4%, compared with 81.1% for BRFSS. For Papanicolaou smear and retinal examinations, HEDIS rates were 72.7% and 40.8%, respectively, compared with 91.2% and 61.6% for BRFSS. The median state rates of advice to quit smoking reported by HEDIS were similar to those for BRFSS: 62.1% versus 62.2%, respectively. For each measure, the absolute difference between HEDIS and BRFSS rates varied substantially both within a state and between states. CONCLUSIONS: It does not appear that the BRFSS and HEDIS data can be compared directly to accurately track progress toward national preventive health objectives. This study highlights some of the problems with comparing these data and possible means for addressing the discrepancies.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Sex-race differences in the relationship between obesity and asthma: the behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2000.

PURPOSE: Although prospective data are limited, recent cross-sectional studies support obesity as a cause of asthma. They also suggest that the association is present only among women. Our analysis examines possible sex-race differences in the relationship between obesity and asthma. METHODS: We examined data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. To minimize diagnostic bias, the sample was limited to adults aged 18 to 34 years. All cases had doctor-diagnosis of asthma and ongoing symptoms. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for current asthma vs. never having asthma. RESULTS: Obesity and asthma were more strongly related among women than men (test for interaction, p<0.01). Across increasing categories of body mass index (BMI), we observed a dose-response relationship among women (odds ratios: 0.9, 1.0 [reference], 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.8, and 3.2) but only a non-significant increased risk in severely obese men (odd ratio: 2.0). In subgroup analyses, however, the obesity-asthma association was present in four of six sex-race/ethnicity subgroups, including black and Hispanic men. CONCLUSIONS: Although the obesity-asthma association is stronger among women than men, our analysis demonstrates a strong positive association among men from minority groups. These race-specific results may help explain some of the "inconsistencies" in prior studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Trends in cigarette smoking among US adults with diabetes: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

BACKGROUND: Smoking substantially increases morbidity and mortality rates in people with diabetes. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of smoking among people with diabetes is similar to that among people without diabetes. We sought to examine temporal trends in the prevalence of smoking among people with diabetes since 1990. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 1990-2001. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of smoking among adults with diabetes was 23.6% (men, 25.4%; women, 22.2%) in 1990 and 23.2% (men, 24.8%; women, 21.9%) in 2001. In comparison, the prevalence among participants without diabetes was 24.2% (men, 25.7%; women, 22.8%) in 1990 and 23.2% (men, 24.8%; women, 21.5%) in 2001. Thus, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was similar and remained stable from 1990 through 2001. Among participants with diabetes, significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking occurred among African Americans and those aged >/=65 years. CONCLUSIONS: New efforts and commitments to promote smoking cessation among people with diabetes are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Physical violence and injuries in intimate relationships--New York, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1994.

Women are more likely than men to sustain injuries and to require medical attention as a result of physical violence in an intimate relationship. To determine the prevalence of physically violent acts by intimate partners, injuries, and the use of medical services for injuries sustained from intimate partner physical violence, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDH) analyzed data from the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the analysis of these findings, which indicate that women are more likely to be injured than men and that their injuries are underreported.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Access to health care among older adults and receipt of preventive services. Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002.

BACKGROUND: Although most of the 34 million U.S. adults aged 65 years and older have health care coverage, many do not receive preventive care. To investigate why, we examined various barriers to access of health care and their effect on obtaining preventive care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted of noninstitutionalized adults, aged 65 years or older, in states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2002. RESULTS: Of the 46,659 respondents aged 65 years and older, 93% had a regular care provider, 98% had a regular place of care, and 98% were able to obtain needed medical care. Those with a regular care provider or a regular place of care were more likely to receive clinical preventive services than those without either of these. Reasons for not obtaining needed medical care were cost (27%), too long a wait for an appointment (20%), no transportation or distance (9%), office not open when the individual could get there (8%), and other reasons (32%). CONCLUSIONS: Having a regular care provider or a regular place of care is associated with a significant likelihood of receipt of clinical preventive services among older adults. Efforts to eliminate barriers to health care access may increase older adults' receipt of such services.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness of testing and treatment--behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1990.

Public health agencies and other organizations offer programs for prevention, counseling, testing, and early intervention for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). For these programs to be effective, persons who may require their services must have knowledge of the programs and services. To assess the knowledge and awareness of persons in the United States about HIV/AIDS testing and treatment, the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionnaire included questions on knowledge about HIV/AIDS, treatment, and sources of testing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of physical activity in the United States: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001.

INTRODUCTION: The health benefits of regular cardiovascular exercise are well-known. Such exercise, however, has traditionally been defined as vigorous physical activity, such as jogging, swimming, or aerobic dance. Exercise of moderate intensity also promotes health, and many U.S. adults may be experiencing the health benefits of exercise through lifestyle activities of moderate intensity, such as yard work, housework, or walking for transportation. Until recently, public health surveillance systems have not included assessments of this type of physical activity, focusing on exercise of vigorous intensity. We used an enhanced surveillance tool to describe the prevalence and amount of both moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity among U.S. adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey administered to U.S. adults aged 18 years and older (n = 82,834 men and 120,286 women). Physical activity behavior was assessed using questions designed to quantify the frequency of participation in moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activities performed during leisure time or for household chores and transportation. RESULTS: Overall, 45% of adults (48% of men and 43% of women) were active at recommended levels during nonworking hours (at least 30 minutes five or more days per week in moderate-intensity activities, equivalent to brisk walking, or at least 20 minutes three or more days per week in vigorous activities, equivalent to running, heavy yard work, or aerobic dance). Less than 16% of adults (15% of men and 17% of women) reported no moderate or vigorous activity in a usual week. CONCLUSION: Integrating surveillance of lifestyle activities into national systems is possible, and doing so may provide a more accurate representation of the prevalence of recommended levels of physical activity. These results, however, suggest that the majority of U.S. adults are not active at levels associated with the promotion and maintenance of health.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Radon awareness and testing behavior: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1989-1992.

Radon is considered an important environmental risk factor for lung cancer. Previous studies have shown that relatively few homes have been tested for radon. Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1989--1992 show significant interstate and demographic variation in levels of radon awareness and home testing. There was evidence that levels of radon awareness and testing homes for radon have increased from 1989 through 1992. Although these trends in the data are encouraging, the data also suggest that continued education and other interventions may be necessary to reach the Public Health Service's testing and mitigating objectives for residential radon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Measuring physical activity with the behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

PURPOSE AND METHODS: Because regular physical activity reduces the risk of premature death and disability, accurate methods of population-based measurement are important for public health surveillance efforts such as those based on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The present study: 1) briefly reviews and compares currently available methods to measure physical activity using BRFSS data, 2) describes physical activity patterns in the United States using these state-aggregated measures, and 3) provides suggestions on future directions for practitioners and researchers. Using a random-digit dialing, telephone survey, we collected data for noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 yr and older. We analyzed BRFSS data for 1996 from 50 states and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico (N = 124,085). Based on recent literature and public health priorities, we developed eight different physical activity indices (one vigorous and seven moderate). These varied in their threshold for duration, kcal expenditure, and in frequency and intensity of activity. RESULTS: Using different algorithms, the population prevalence of moderate physical activity ranged from about 20% to 38%. Only 20% of adults met the Healthy People 2000 definition for regular, sustained activity (> or =30 min of moderate activity per day for at least 5 d x wk(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: Considerable progress is needed if the United States is to reach the current public health goal for regular physical activity. Standardized approaches to analyzing and collecting physical activity data are essential for public health surveillance, policy making, and communication to the public.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time among overweight persons--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1994.

During 1988-1991, approximately one third of adults in the United States were overweight--an important risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers. In addition to diet modification, initiating and maintaining regular physical activity is an important component of an effective weight-control strategy. To determine the prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time among adults who are overweight, CDC analyzed data from the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that more than one third (37%) of overweight persons report no physical activity during their leisure time.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Trends in oral contraceptive use and cigarette smoking. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1982 and 1988.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate trends in oral contraceptive (OC) use and smoking among women of reproductive age and to determine factors related to smoking among OC users. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Telephone interviews of women aged 18 through 45 years in 16 states and the District of Columbia who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 1982 (N = 3553) and in 1988 (N = 7384). RESULTS: Between 1982 and 1988, the prevalence of smoking decreased from 31% to 24% among OC users and from 32% to 28% among non-OC users. In both 1982 and 1988, more than half of the OC users who smoked were heavy smokers (smoked 15 or more cigarettes per day). Nearly one fourth of 35- to 45-year-old women who used OCs were smokers. After we standardized for age, race, and education, the decline in the prevalence of smoking among OC users did not differ substantially from the decline in smoking among non-OC users. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the possible synergistic effects of smoking and OC use on the risk of cardiovascular disease, we found no accelerated decline in the prevalence of smoking among OC users. As of 1988, nearly one fourth of all OC users were smokers. These data emphasize the need to reduce the prevalence of smoking among women who use OCs before they reach the age at which their risk for cardiovascular disease increases substantially.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors among women in the United States, 1992 and 1995: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

We sought to examine the prevalence of self-reported multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (hypertension, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, overweight, and current smoking) among women in 1992 and 1995 in the United States using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. In 1992, 37.5%, 34.4%, and 28.1% of women had zero, one, and two or more of the five risk factors, respectively. In 1995, the respective estimates were 35.5%, 34.3%, and 30%. In both years, the prevalence of two or more risk factors increased with age, decreased with educational level, was higher among black women (lowest among Hispanic women and women of other ethnic groups), and higher among women reporting cost as a barrier to healthcare. The percentage of women with two or more risk factors was higher in 1995 than in 1992 for 35 of 48 states, being statistically significant for 7 states. The percentage of women with at least two risk factors was not significantly lower in 1995 than in 1992 for any state. A higher percentage of women reported having multiple CVD risk factors in 1995 compared with 1992. A multifactorial approach to primary prevention and risk factor reduction should be encouraged to help reduce the prevalence and burden of CVD among women.

Adolescent↗