Biomedical engineering at King's.
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This paper discusses the administration of a clinical internship for biomedical engineering students. The interns rotate through sequences of hospital services, divided into four sets, separated by intervening elective periods, and spread over different clinical facilities. Rotations include orientation conferences, counseling sessions with staff personnel, and on-the-job training in each hospital service. Students keep logs of their experiences and submit service reports summarizing each rotation. They also write brief reports illustrating engineering contributions to health care delivery. The reports are graded and serve, together with staff and faculty evaluations, to rate the students' overall performance in the program.
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The need for, and specific objectives of, a clinical internship for biomedical engineering students are discussed in Part I. Through such an internship, participants can gain an appreciation for the role that engineers can play in quantifying and automating medical procedures. They also learn about the organizational structure of a clinical facility, the regulations, safety standards and accreditation requirements imposed on the health care industry, and the technological needs as envisioned by medical personnel. Finally, students become familiar with information flow in a medical facility, the units, codes and standards used to report diagnostic information, and current technology utilized in health care delivery, especially its limitations.
The article deals with the protection the law provides against risks emanating from the use of biomedical equipment. After a brief discussion of public safety regulations, it turns to civil liability for damages involving patients or other persons. Doctors and hospitals using or failing to use biomedical equipment can be held liable for negligent conduct only. The standards of care to be observed in biomedical engineering are thus explained, as is the correct use of the equipment, the safety precautions to be taken, and the expertise of the operator. Another very important subject of the article is the liability of the manufacturers of biomedical equipment. Finally, the extremely difficult question is discussed as to what extent doctors and hospitals are obliged to acquire new but very expensive equipment, and what are the economic limits of this obligation.
An ever-increasing variety of materials (text, images, videos, and sound) are available through the World Wide Web (WWW). While textbooks, which are often outdated by the time they are published, are usually limited to black and white text and images, many supplemental materials can be found on the WWW. The WWW also provides many resources for student projects. In BAE 465: Biomedical Engineering Applications, student teams developed WWW-based term projects on biomedical topics, e.g. biomaterials, MRI, and medical ultrasound. After the projects were completed and edited by the instructor, they were placed on-line for world-wide access if permission for this had been granted by the student authors. Projects from three classes have been used to form the basis for an electronic textbook which is available at http:@www.eos.ncsu.edu/bae/research/blanchard /www/465/textbook/. This electronic textbook also includes instructional objectives and sample tests for specific topic areas. Student projects have been linked to the appropriate topic areas within the electronic textbook. Links to relevant sites have been included within the electronic textbook as well as within the individual projects. Students were required to link to images and other materials they wanted to include in their project in order to avoid copyright issues. The drawback to this approach to copyright protection is that addresses can change making links unavailable. In BAE 465 and in BAE 235: Engineering Biology, the WWW has also been used to distribute instructional objectives, the syllabi and class policies, homework problems, and abbreviated lecture notes. This has made maintaining course-related material easier and has reduced the amount of paper used by both the students and the instructor. Goals for the electronic textbook include the addition of instructional simulation programs that can be run from remote sites. In the future, biomedical engineering may be taught in a virtual classroom with participation by an instructor and students from many different parts of the world.
Throughout the short history of the development of radioactivity applied in the biomedical field, there have been many contributions made by engineers. With the advent of Nuclear Medicine as a well systematized specialty and its mushrooming in hospitals, the opportunities for biomedical engineers have increased. This article is written from the viewpoint of historic perspective in order to display the different aspects and situations where engineers, and particularly biomedical and clinical engineers, can participate in Nuclear Medicine. Finally, a more detailed survey is made of the activities of biomedical engineers in the nuclear medicine department.
Medical science and clinical medicine include many microscopic environments. Recent micromachining techniques fit the microscopic environments and are applied to microsurgery, fiberscopic operation, micromanipulation, artificial organs, and drug delivery systems. Microactuators, microsensors, and micro mechanical parts will be prepared for such medical devices and techniques. Virtual reality, stereovision, and fiber imaging support handling of cells and small targets of living body. The paper reports some perspectives of microtechnologies in biomedical engineering.
Art phonetics' medicine, a new branch of traditional medicine, has not been developed perfectly, especially in the aspects of objective and scientific study. In this paper, the acoustical and anatiomical basis of art phonetics in viewpoint of biomedical engineering is explored, and then our work of quantitative measurement and analysis of art phonetic is introduced. The experiment data show further that quantitative measurement and analysis plays an important role in art phonetic medicine.