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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effects of formula temperature on postprandial thermogenesis and body temperature of premature infants.

To study the effect of formula temperature on the thermogenic response to gavage feeding, we fed formula at room temperature (mean 24.0 degrees C, SD 1.1) and at body temperature (mean 36.9 degrees C, SD 1.7) to premature infants in a crossover design while monitoring their metabolic heat production and gastric, rectal, and skin temperatures. After feeding with room temperature formula, stomach temperature fell by 6.9 degrees C, rectal temperature by 0.2 degree C, and mean skin temperature by 0.6 degree C, and metabolic rate increased by 16% in the first postprandial hour. After body temperature feedings, mean skin temperature fell by 0.2 degree C, but stomach and rectal temperatures did not change appreciably. The metabolic rate rose by 12% in the first hour, which was not significantly less than the rise after room temperature feeding. The heat required to warm the formula to body temperature did not result in a detectably greater rise in metabolic rate after cool feeding than after warm feeding. The effects of feed temperatures below room temperature were not studied, but it remains possible that cooler feedings might produce even greater body cooling and a greater thermogenic response.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed2000

Behavioral rise in body temperature and tachycardia by handling of a turtle (Clemmys insculpta).

Three turtles, Clemmys insculpta, were kept together in a terrarium in a climatic chamber at 18 degrees C, with lights on at 07:00 h and off at 19:00 h. In one corner of the terrarium an infrared lamp produced an operative temperature of 42.5 degrees C, thereby allowing behavioral temperature regulation during the light period. When the turtles were handled only once a day for the purpose of taking cloacal temperature, their body temperature held stable at about 22-23 degrees C. Immediately after being handled the turtles sought the radiant heat and regulated their body temperature at about 4 degrees C higher than before the handling. When repeatedly handled every 15 min for 2 h the turtles maintained a high body temperature by their behavior. When not repeatedly handled the turtles returned to their initial preferred body temperature ca 22-23 degrees C within 2 h. It is hypothesized that handling causes in turtles a fever similar to that observed in stressed mammals. The turtles were equipped with an electrocardiogram radio transmitter and their heart rate was recorded at a distance. Heart rate in undisturbed turtles was 28.3+/-0.6 bt/min. During a 1-min handling, their heart rate rose to 40.2+/-0.8 bt/min. This tachycardia persisted several minutes, then their heart rate returned to the baseline value in ca. 10 min. Stress fever and tachycardia are taken as signs of emotion in turtles.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Influence of ambient temperature on sleep and body temperature after phentolamine in rats.

Phentolamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, both decreases rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) and causes a dose- and ambient temperature (Ta)-dependent drop in body temperature (Tb). The purpose of this paper was to examine the correlation between changes in sleep and changes in Tb after phentolamine at various Ta's. Tb and sleep were recorded in male rats for 4 h after i.p. injection of either saline or phentolamine (1 mg/kg at Ta 20 degrees C; 5 mg/kg at 20, 30 and 32 degrees C; 10 mg/kg at 20, 30, 32, and 34 degrees C). Changes in sleep were highly correlated with changes in Tb: when Tb dropped, amounts of sleep, especially REMS, also were decreased. The largest effects were seen at Ta 20 degrees C. After 5 mg/kg, Tb was below normal for 2 h and latency to REMS increased 82 +/- 27 min (P less than 0.025). After 10 mg/kg Tb was decreased for 3 h, and latency to REMS increased 91 +/- 19 min (P less than 0.001). While Tb was lower amounts of REMS were also decreased. Smaller effects were observed on slow wave sleep. At those conditions where phentolamine had no effect on Tb (i.e. Ta 20 degrees C, 1 mg/kg, and Ta 32 degrees C, 5 and 10 mg/kg) no differences were found in any measure of sleep. These results demonstrate that the effects of phentolamine on sleep are not caused by direct action on sleep mechanisms, but rather by its actions on thermoregulatory and possibly other mechanisms that modulate sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Automatic temperature controller for maintaining body temperature in experimental animals.

A system for autoregulation of body temperature of large and small animals is described. The device uses the IC AD590 as a temperature transducer. It operates on the basis of continuous regulation of the heating current, and does not emit transients which interfere with electrical recordings. A panel meter shows either the rectal temperature of the animal or the current flow to the blanket.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed1990

Does GABA act through dopaminergic/cholinergic interaction in the regulation of higher environmental temperature-induced change in body temperature?

Acute exposure of adult male albino rats to higher ambient temperature (40 degrees C) for 2 h significantly increased body temperature (BT). Administration of either bicuculline (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a GABA antagonist, or physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, significantly increased BT of normal and heat-exposed rats. Treatment with muscimol (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a GABA agonist, produced hypothermia in normal rats and prevented an increase in BT of heat-exposed rats. The dopamine agonist, L-dopa (100 mg/kg, p.o.) along with carbidopa (10 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced BT of normal rats. Further, the bicuculline-or physostigmine-induced enhancement of BT in normal and heat-exposed rats was potentiated when both drugs were administered concomitantly. But this potentiating effect remained unaltered when dopamine antagonist haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered along with bicuculline and physostigmine. Treatment with atropine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a cholinergic antagonist, abolished the hyperthermic effect of bicuculline but potentiated the hypothermic effect of muscimol either at 28 degrees C or at 40 degrees C. Bicuculline-induced hyperthermia was attenuated at normal or higher temperature by pretreatment with L-dopa + carbidopa. The administration of L-dopa + carbidopa either abolished or reduced the hyperthermic effect of physostigmine at room temperature or at higher ambient temperature. These results suggest that (a) GABAergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic systems are involved in thermoregulation, (b) exposure to high environmental temperature may inhibit central GABAergic activity which activates the cholinergic system without affecting the dopaminergic system and raises BT, (c) central dopaminergic and GABAergic systems act independently through the modulation of cholinergic activity in the regulation of BT under normal ambient temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Higher environmental temperature-induced increase in body temperature: involvement of serotonin in GABA mediated interaction of opioidergic system.

Exposure (2 h) of adult male albino rats to higher environmental temperature (HET, 40 degrees C) significantly increased body temperature (BT). Administration of (a) 5-HTP (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) alone significantly increased and (b) methysergide (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or atropine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the BT of both normal and HET exposed rats. Further, it was observed that morphine prevented the methysergide-induced hypothermia and 5-HTP potentiated the morphine-induced hyperthermia in both normal and HET exposed conditions. Biochemical study also indicates that serotonin metabolism was increased but GABA utilization was reduced following exposure to HET.5-HTP or bicuculline-induced hyperthermia in control and HET exposed rat was potentiated with the coadministration of bicuculline and 5-HTP. The cotreatment of bicuculline with methysergide prevented the methysergide-induced attenuation of BT of heat exposed rat, rather BT was significantly enhanced indicating that inhibition of GABA system under heat exposed condition may activate the serotonergic activity. Further (a) enhancement of (i) morphine-induced hyperthermia with physostigmine (ii) physostigmine- or morphine+physostigmine-induced increase of BT with 5-HTP and (b) reduction of (i) morphine- or morphine + 5-HTP-induced hyperthermia with atropine and (ii) atropine-induced hypothermia with 5-HTP in both normal and HET exposed conditions suggest that HET exposure activates the cholinergic system through the activation of opioidergic and serotonergic system and hence increased the BT. Thus, it may be concluded that there is an involvement of serotonergic regulation in the opioidergic-cholinergic interaction via GABA system in HET-induced increase in BT.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1984

Metabolic rate and body temperature of adult and juvenile hyrax (Procavia capensis).

Resting metabolic rates (RMR) below thermoneutrality in adult hyrax acclimated to 26, 15 and 10 degrees C remained unchanged, i.e. thermal conductance (K) remained constant. Conductance in juveniles decreased with acclimation to lower ambient temperatures (Ta). Body temperature (Tb) dropped by 3.8 degrees C in adults exposed to Ta of 30-5 degrees C. The decrease was constant. Body temperature fell by 1.5 degrees C in juveniles exposed to Ta of 30-20 degrees C but stabilized between 20 and 5 degrees C. The labile Tb, associated with behavioural strategies and lower than predicted RMR, can be seen as an energy-conserving mechanism of particular importance during winter conditions.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dependence of the temperature response to pyrogens on the ambient temperature and the initial body temperature].

The dependence of the temperature response to injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) containing killed and dried Mycobacterium butyricum on ambient temperature within 8-10, 14-16, 20-22, 26-28 degrees C ranges and initial body temperature was studied in experiments on rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. The duration of the hyperthermic response was maximal at an ambient temperature 14-16 degrees C, and its dynamics can be divided in 2 phases, initial febrile and subsequent subfebrile. An increase in rectal temperature after application of the agent was the higher the lower was its initial value and vice versa. The hyperthermic response to FCA did not occur at 8-10 degrees C.

Analysis of Variance↗