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PubMed1978

Actin filaments in trabecular endothelial cells in eyes of the vervet monkey. (Cercopithecus aethiops).

An electron microscopic study was performed on the trabecular meshwork of two monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). Specimens from one animal revealed numerous cytoplasmic filaments of 45-65 A thickness in endothelial cells both on the trabeculae in the wall of Schlemm's canal after conventional glutaraldehyde and osmium fixation. Using a histochemical technique it was shown in specimens from the other animal that these filaments consist of actin material. This evidence of intracellular actin filaments in the trabecular endothelium indicates that these cells have contractile properties, and the possible significance of this finding for the regulation of outflow facility of aqueous humour is suggested.

Actins↗
PubMed1987

Auditory duration discrimination in Old World monkeys (Macaca, Cercopithecus) and humans.

Auditory duration DLs at 2.0 kHz were measured in Old World monkeys (Macaca, Cercopithecus) and humans using a go, no-go repeating standard AX procedure and positive reinforcement operant conditioning techniques. For a 200-ms standard, monkey DLs were 45-125 ms, compared to 15-27 ms for humans. Weber fractions (delta T/T) for all species were smallest at standard durations of 200-400 ms and increased as standard duration decreased to 25 ms. Varying intensity from 30-70 dB SPL had only minor effects on DLs, except at the lowest levels tested, where DLs were elevated slightly. Monkeys had difficulty discriminating duration decrements, in contrast to humans. Results are discussed in relation to other comparative psychoacoustic data and primate vocal communication, including human speech.

Animal Communication↗
PubMed1991

Isolation from African Sykes' monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) of a lentivirus related to human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.

Analysis of serum samples from 100 wild-caught or colony-born Sykes' monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in Kenya revealed that 59 animals had antibodies cross-reactive to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and to simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). A lentivirus, designated SIVsyk, was isolated from five of six seropositive asymptomatic Sykes' monkeys, but in four cases isolation was possible only after depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes and cocultivation of the CD4(+)-enriched cell population with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seronegative Sykes' monkeys. SIVsyk resembled other SIVs and HIVs morphologically, had an Mg2(+)-dependent reverse transcriptase enzyme, and replicated in and was cytopathic for CEMx174 and Sup-T1 cells. SIVsyk differred substantially from other SIVs, however, in that it failed to replicate in normal human, mangabey, and macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum from seropositive Sykes' monkeys immunoprecipitated env antigens from HIV-1 as well as from HIV-2, SIVsmm, and SIVagm. These data demonstrate a high prevalence of natural infection in Sykes' monkeys in Kenya with a lentivirus that appears to be unique with respect to its host range and antigenic cross-reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Patterns of genomic sequence diversity among their simian immunodeficiency viruses suggest that L'Hoest monkeys (Cercopithecus lhoesti) are a natural lentivirus reservoir.

Recently, we described a novel simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVlhoest) from a wild-caught L'Hoest monkey (Cercopithecus lhoesti) from a North American zoo. To investigate whether L'Hoest monkeys are the natural host for these viruses, we have screened blood samples from 14 wild animals from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Eight (57%) were found to be seropositive for SIV. Nearly full-length genome sequences were obtained for SIV isolates from three of these monkeys and compared to the original isolate and to other SIVs. The four samples of SIVlhoest formed a distinct cluster in phylogenetic trees. Two of these isolates differed on average at only about 5% of nucleotides, suggesting that they were epidemiologically linked; otherwise, the SIVlhoest isolates differed on average by 18%. Both the level of diversity and the pattern of its variation along the genome were very similar to those seen among isolates of SIVagm from vervet monkeys, pointing to similarities in the nature of, and constraints on, SIV evolution in these two species. Discordant phylogenetic relationships among the SIVlhoest isolates for different genomic regions indicated that mosaic viruses have been generated by recombination, implying that individual monkeys have been coinfected by more than one strain of SIV. Taken together, these observations provide strong evidence that L'Hoest monkeys constitute a natural reservoir for SIV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Past and present distribution of the red-bellied monkey Cercopithecus erythrogaster erythrogaster in Benin.

This study provides data on the past and present distribution of the red-bellied monkey, Cercopithecus erythrogaster erythrogaster, a subspecies that is endemic to Benin's southern ecosystems. The original distribution of this subspecies was between the Couffo River and the Nigerian border, but it has since been reduced to regions degraded by intense human settlement (such as the Oueme river valley) and to some better preserved areas, such as the Lama protected forest and some sacred grove forests in wet areas. Local people participated in this research programme and, as a result, many new localities have been discovered. All of these have been in wetlands in southern Benin, mainly in sacred groves. Conservation action for this subspecies will succeed only if local people are involved in its protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comparative RB1 gene mapping in Homo sapiens, Pithecia pithecia, Macaca sylvana, and Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus.

The chromosomal localization of the gene for retinoblastoma (RB1), which has been mapped to band 13q14 in man, was studied by in situ hybridization on metaphase chromosomes of selected primates, including Pithecia pithecia, Macaca sylvana, and Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus. The results allowed us to determine the position of the bands homologous to human chromosome band 13q14 in these species. Hybridization analysis corroborated the results of previous studies that defined the chromosome homologous to human chromosome 13 (HSA 13) in these species. By comparing RB1 localizations and banding patterns, it is shown that the rearrangement separating HSA 13 from its homologous chromosome in Cercopithecidae is not a pericentric inversion, as suggested by earlier studies. Since the banding pattern and RB1 localization are not changed, the modification of the centromeric index is explained by a centromeric shift or by two inversions, one pericentric and one paracentric.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The diet and feeding behaviour of Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus.

The feeding behaviour of representative groups of tantalus monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus) was observed during 1974-1975 in three habitats in Cameroon. Observations took place during the wet and dry seasons in sahelian savannah, guinea savannah and farmed forest. The tantalus monkeys were similar to other races of C.aethiops that have been studied in that they were omnivorous and lacked any narrow specialisations of either diet or feeding techniques. The dietary range was similar in all three habitats, although considerable seasonal variation occurred. About one third of all feeding took place on the ground.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cytogenetic study of five species of Cercopithecus.

The G- and C-banded karyotypes of five species of Cercopithecus are reported. The chromosome numbers are: for C. ascanius katangae 2 n = 66 (XX); for C. petaurista petaurista 2 n = 66 (XY); for C. mona mona 2 n = 68 (XX); for C. pogonias grayi 2 n = 72 (XY) and for C. hamlyni 2 n = 64 (XY). We always found three types of chromosome: metacentric, sub-metacentric and acrocentric. The 'marker chromosomes' typical of the Cercopithecidae are of the last type. The karyotype of C. pogonias grayi shows a characteristic pair of acrocentric autosomes which is again found in the hybrid karyotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Electrophoretic polymorphism in different subspecies of Cercopithecus aethiops].

Variations were observed in prealbumin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, PGM-II and AK systems in various subspecies of Cercopithecus aethiops. The electrophoretic distance between three forms seems to indicate an intermediary status between populations and subspecies. The reasons for this moderate differentiation are discussed with regard to divergence of ethological characters, as recently studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Breeding season influxes and the behaviour of adult male samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis).

Troops comprising a high density population of samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in Natal province, South Africa, experienced an influx of adult males during the breeding season. Observation of one troop revealed that these males competed with one another and with two resident males for access to receptive females. Although both sexes initiated copulation, attempts to do so were more often successful if female-initiated. Males did not interact with non-receptive females and there were no recorded attempts at infanticide. Male-male interactions were agonistic in the presence of receptive females and neutral at other times. No ritualized displays of dominance and subordinance were seen. The significance of these observations for male reproductive strategies is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Diet and feeding behaviour of samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis labiatus) in Ngoye Forest, South Africa.

The samango monkey occurs at the southern limit of the range of Cercopithecus mitis. Greater climatic seasonality at this latitude results in more predictable fruiting patterns. In addition, there are no diurnal sympatric primate frugivores. Under these conditions, the diet and feeding strategies of samango monkeys would be expected to differ notably from those of central or east African C. mitis subspecies. Contrary to these expectations, the preliminary observations reported here indicate that diets of samango and blue monkeys differ only superficially in the proportions of items eaten. Similarities in feeding behaviour are especially marked during the dry season period when fruit is not abundant. Both samango and blue monkeys tend to be less selective in their choice of food species and to eat available food species regardless of their energy content; a shift toward less nutritious items such as leaves is also noted. Feeding behaviour during the summer wet season is characterized by the selection of fruits with high-energy values. A high proportion of visits by the monkeys to areas of greater food availability suggests a concentration of feeding effort in food patches and the selection of higher energy food species within patches.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Experimental schistosomiasis haematobia in bushbaby (Galago crassicaudatus), Patas (Erythrocebus patas), and Grivet (Cercopithecus aethiops).

The bushbaby (Galago crassicaudatus), patas (Erythrocebus patas), and grivet (Cercopithecus aethiops) have been evaluated as hosts in experimental schistosomiasis haematobia. Individual hosts demonstrated considerable variation in host-parasite relationships. E. patas is suggested as a host for continuing investigations in Schistosoma haematobium infections, based upon its moderate susceptibility to infection and a moderate potential for pathological involvement of the urogenital system.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with Vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 1. Induction of protein, B-vitamin complex and calorie malnutrition.

Five groups of eight vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (LP), low B-vitamin complex (LBV), low protein - low B-vitamin complex (LB-LBV), or protein - low calorie (LP-LC) diet, respectively, for eight weeks. Hematocrit values, hemoglobin, BUN, total protein, albumin, riboflavin and body weight decreased, the ratio of dispensable/indispensable amino acids increased in all animals receiving a deficient diet. Total globulin, IgG and IgM remained unchanged in vervets on LBV diet; panthotenic acid and cyanocobalamin in animals receiving LBV, LP or LP-LC chow; and pyridoxal on the LP or LP-LC diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with Vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 2. Response of vervet monkeys on protein, B-vitamin complex and calorie-deficient diets to infection.

Five groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (LP), low B-vitamin complex (LBV), LP-LBV, or low protein- low calorie (LP-LC) diets, respectively. After eight weeks the animals were infected with cholera vibrios. IgG, IgA and IgM increased in the sera of all animals after the challenge but the avidity of the immunoglobulins was lower in vervets on LP diets. Diarrhea and excretion of vibrios lasted longer in animals consuming less protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Funduscopic observations in a colony of african green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).

Funduscopic examinations were performed on 139 African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Notable observations were made in 5% including varying degrees of retinal hypopigmentation and nerve fiber myelination. Bilateral optic nerve head colobomas were found in one monkey. This species was easily tranquilized and examined using the described methods.

Animals↗