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PubMed2026

First molecular detection and partial ORF1 characterization of psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) in domesticated parrots of Northern Vietnam.

Psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV), currently classified within the species Circovirus parrot, is an infectious agent in avian species, particularly psittacine birds. PBFDV is the causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), leading to feather loss, deformed beaks and nails, immunosuppression, and high mortality. However, there is limited information on PBFDV in Vietnam, particularly in domesticated parrots. This study aims to detect and molecularly characterize PBFDV in psittacine birds in Northern Vietnam. Among the 193 psittacine birds tested by conventional PCR, 48 were PBFDV-positive, corresponding to a positivity rate of 24.87%. Based on partial ORF1 characterization, phylogenetic tree analysis of the ten PBFDV sequences showed that genotype I, which exhibits genetic diversity, is circulating in Vietnam. This study highlights the importance of genomic characterization of PBFDV in domesticated exotic psittacine birds in Vietnam. Together with the recent cases of PBFD in domestic parrots, further surveillance is needed to elucidate the host specificity, transmission, and pathophysiology of PBFDV.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Molecular characterization of salivary cancers: Patterns of genomic alterations and potential for impact on therapeutic choices.

BACKGROUND: Salivary cancers are rare malignancies with diverse histologies, molecular landscape, and limited effective systemic therapy options. Recent tumour genomics research has identified driver alterations in salivary gland cancers that have led to personalized therapy approaches. The primary objective was to perform molecular characterization using next generation sequencing (NGS) panel and evaluate the potential impact of results on clinical decision-making and treatment outcomes. METHODS: Patients with locally advanced or incurable metastatic salivary cancers suitable for systemic therapy underwent NGS tumour testing with an amplicon-based DNA/RNA NGS panel. Patient demographics, baseline characteristics, treatment and treatment outcomes were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: From 2021 to 2024, 58 advanced salivary cancer patients underwent molecular characterization of their tumour. Baseline characteristics at diagnosis: male 60%, median age 67, most common histologies; adenoid cystic 27%, salivary duct 19% and mucoepidermoid 12%. PIK3CA alterations were the most common molecular finding across all subtypes 22% (13/58) and were enriched in salivary duct carcinoma 73% (8/11). Other alterations identified were: ERBB2 (4), EGFR (2), HRAS (3), NTRK3 (2), BRAF p.V600E (1), and RET (1). Immunohistochemistry identified androgen receptor positivity across salivary cancer subtypes in 8/19 and HER2 positivity in 2/20 tested. Twenty-two patients received systemic therapy prior to NGS results for incurable/metastatic disease, first line treatments included 69% chemotherapy, 18% anti-androgen, 9% lenvatinib, 4% trial. CONCLUSION: Molecular characterization of salivary cancers identified targetable alterations in 37% of patients. The identification of potential therapeutic targets offers the opportunity for expanded treatment options to benefit salivary gland cancer patients.

Metastatic salivary gland cancer↗

PubMed2026

Identification and in-depth characterization of clinical isolates of Peribacillus frigoritolerans.

UNLABELLED: Peribacillus frigoritolerans is a bacterial species commonly found in the environment and used as a plant-growth promoter and biocontrol agent in agriculture. Recent evidence has proven that Peribacillus spp. are also able to cause severe infections in humans, thus emerging as new human pathogens. In this study, for the first time, 10 P. frigoritolerans strains were isolated from human samples (both superficial and sterile deep body sites) and characterized in terms of morphology, lifestyle, genetics, and virulence. The molecular identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was inconclusive, while whole-genome sequencing was effective in properly identifying isolates within the species P. frigoritolerans. The pangenome analysis provided an overview of the virulence potential of P. frigoritolerans, revealing the presence of genes involved in antibiotic resistance and toxin/exoenzyme production. Phenotypically, the strains displayed different features and behaviors, indicating strain-specific properties and high intra-species variability. A part of the strains exhibited virulence factors, being able to swim and swarm, form biofilms, and produce enzymes and toxins. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance to ampicillin for all strains and resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin for some of them. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi was demonstrated, further corroborating the presence of putative bacteriocin/antimicrobial peptide-encoding genes. An association between the overall virulence potential and infection site/severity was hypothesized. Altogether, these findings highlight the extreme diversity within the species, reveal the strain-dependent pathogenic potential of P. frigoritolerans, and support its role as a candidate human pathogen. IMPORTANCE: This study provides insights into the infectious role of Peribacillus frigoritolerans, an almost unknown bacterial species with agrobiotechnological potential but no history of human infections. This is the first report of P. frigoritolerans isolation from human clinical samples. Ten P. frigorit-olerans strains were herein characterized for their morphology, lifestyle, genetics, and virulence, highlighting an extreme intra-species variability and the potential to act as pathogens in humans. Importantly, this study points out the need for unconventional methods for proper identification of this species, since traditional techniques result inconclusive. Resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was also evidenced, confirming the importance of antimicrobial testing on clinical iso-lates. This study lays the foundation for a more in-depth characterization of Peribacillus spp. in the clinical context.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated Hodgkin's disease. Clinicopathologic studies of 24 cases and preponderance of mixed cellularity type characterized by the occurrence of fibrohistiocytoid stromal cells.

Hodgkin's disease (HD) was diagnosed in 24 patients who were either seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (21) or members of a high-risk group (three), but had not developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical presentation of the disease was characterized by constitutional symptoms in all, especially fever (23/24) and disseminated disease (22/24) at diagnosis. Mediastinal adenopathy was rare. Bone marrow involvement was particularly frequent (12/24), and a positive bone marrow biopsy preceded lymph node biopsy in 5 of the 12. Histopathologic features of these tumors included an increased number of nonlymphoid stromal cells, i.e., histiocytic and/or fibroblastoid. In some tumors these fibrohistiocytoid stromal cells were arranged in bundles, but distinct nodule with birefringent collagen band formation was not observed. Twenty-two patients were treated, most with combination chemotherapy; one was untreated; one, unknown. Sixteen, including the one untreated, died with disease at 3 to 25 months; one died of an unrelated cause; four were alive at 3 to 24 months; three were lost to follow-up. Frequent bone marrow involvement at presentation suggests the usefulness of the bone marrow biopsy for diagnosis in subjects at risk, especially when they present with spiking fever of unknown origin. Contrary to most previous series, virtually all of our cases were of mixed cellularity type, characterized by increased fibrohistiocytoid stromal cells in place of depleting lymphocytes. The classic nodular sclerosing feature with birefringent collagen band formation was not observed. In conclusion, HIV-associated HD was characterized by advanced stage with fever at presentation, preponderance of mixed cellularity histologic type with increased fibrohistiocytoid stromal cells, and poor outcome. Hodgkin's disease in AIDS patients presents an intriguing biological model to study the role of stromal histiocytes in immunodeficient patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Characterization of different microenvironments at the surface of the frog's taste organ.

We used a panel of histochemical techniques to identify and characterize the cell-associated extracellular material at the surface of the frog's taste organ. We employed morphological and histochemical techniques using both the light microscope and the electron microscope. Results show that the apical, external aspect of cells reaching the surface of the taste organ is in close contact with a layer of amorphous material. The histochemical characteristics of this material vary according to the cell type with which it is in contact. Three different microenvironments can be identified at the surface of the frog's taste organ: type 1 microenvironment is associated with the superficial layer of mucus (secretory) cells; type 2 microenvironment characterizes the surface of the so-called wing cells, which reach the surface of the taste organ as thin laminae running among mucus cells; and type 3 microenvironment shrouds the free endings of putative taste cells and is rich in calcium and lipids. Type 2 and type 3 microenvironments fix peroxidase (a sapid macromolecule) with increasing affinity. We conclude that highly differentiated microenvironments exist at the surface of the frog's taste organ, and these could play a role in the chain of biological events leading to the taste sensation. Furthermore, characterization of the cell-associated, specific microenvironments can help clarify the role of the different cell types in the frog's taste organ.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Mass spectral characterization of the glucuronide conjugates of terbutryn (2-(t-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine) metabolites from rats and goat.

Five metabolities from terbutyrn (2-(t-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine) were characterized to be glucuronide conjugates by interpretation of mass spectral data of their trimethylsilyl derivatives. These were isolated from rat and goat urine. Three of these glucuronides were characterized to be triazinyl-S-glucuronides and two were characterized to be alkyl-O-glucuronides.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Characterization of polar substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds using high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry negative ion chemical ionization and positive and negative ion thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

The sensitivity and selectivity of high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the negative ion chemical ionization mode with methane as reagent gas was evaluated for the characterization of polar substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC). The fragmentation patterns were affected by the nature of the substituent for polar substituted nitro-PAC that showed detection limits of 50 pg at full-scan acquisition. This technique has been applied to the characterization of polar high-performance liquid chromatographic fractions of diesel exhaust particulate (NBS Standard Reference Material 1650) and enabled the identification of 20 PAC of different chemical classes. Among them, hydroxynitro-, dinitro- and nitrosubstituted secondary amines were identified for the first time in diesel exhaust particulate. In addition, 'filament-on' thermospray (TSP) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with positive and negative ions have been used for the characterization of similar polar compounds such as 2-nitroquinoline, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalene sulphonic acid and 1,2-hydroxynitronaphthalene. LC analyses were performed on a reversed-phase system using either acetonitrile-water or methanol-water with 0.1 M ammonium acetate and 1% acetic acid as eluent. With negative ion TSP LC/MS a four- to fivefold loss in sensitivity was observed for naphthalene sulphonic acid compared with nitrohydroxy-PAC, that showed a minimum detectable amount of 50 ng in the reconstructed ion chromatogram.

Chromatography, Liquid↗

PubMed1990

Structural characterization by mass spectrometry of native and recombinant human relaxin.

Mass spectrometry has played a key role in characterizing the primary structure of native and recombinant relaxin, a peptide hormone that induces ripening of the cervix prior to childbirth. The peptide is composed of two chains, A and B, and is formed from a single-chain prohormone, as is insulin. Aside from conserved cysteines, though, it has little sequence homology with insulin. Due to the small amounts of native peptide initially available (less than 10 pmol), traditional techniques could not provide information on the blocked A-chain sequence, on the carboxyterminal sequences, nor on other possible post-translational modifications. Mass measurements by fast atom bombardment (FAB) were made on reduced human relaxin isolated from corpora lutea. The detection limit by FAB for reduced relaxin was 500 fmol. The B-chain was four amino acids shorter than expected from comparison of the previously known cDNA sequence with homologous rat and porcine sequences. The A-chain, as predicted, was 24 amino acids in length and had a pyroglutamic acid residue on the amino-terminus. The purified samples were homogeneous with no other post-translational modifications. The recombinant relaxin molecule was also extensively characterized by mass spectrometry. In addition to the intact molecule, all tryptic peptides were characterized by FAB. A capillary high-performance liquid chromatography continuous-flow FAB system, developed for high-sensitivity peptide mapping, aided in these analyses. Finally, the three disulfide bonds were shown by tandem mass spectrometry to match those of insulin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1991

The characterization of synthetic by-products by B/E linked scanning and high-resolution thermospray mass spectrometry.

Characterization of unknown synthetic by-products from a test synthesis of the experimental inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, BI-RG-587, is presented. Seven impurities were separated and characterized by thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using low-resolution, high-resolution, and B/E linked scanning methods. The high-resolution mass measurements which were obtained were accurate to within 10 ppm of structures proposed for synthetic by-products present at the 0.1% level. Linked scans produced daughter ion spectra for each impurity to further aid in the characterization.

Antiviral Agents↗

PubMed1991

Ultrasonic backscatter tissue characterization in cardiac diagnosis.

Ultrasonic tissue characterization has shown the potential to yield information about structural and functional properties of cardiovascular tissue. The development of real-time two-dimensional integrated backscatter imaging has made feasible clinical investigations of ultrasonic tissue characterization, including detection of stunned myocardium in patients with acute ischemia, recognition of remote infarction, detection of cardiac allograft rejection, and study of diffuse myocardial involvement with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Technical improvements and scientific advances in the understanding of the interaction between ultrasound and tissue may open an even wider range of clinical applications. Even in its present, relatively preliminary form, tissue characterization appears to have the potential for clinical application. Additional clinical experience will stimulate refinements and increases in the diagnostic power of this promising approach.

Echocardiography↗

PubMed1991

Oncofetal mucin M1 epitope family: characterization and expression during colonic carcinogenesis.

The gastric mucin M1 antigens, markers associated with colonic carcinogenesis, have been characterized by new antimucin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These MAbs, obtained against mucins isolated from a human ovarian mucinous cyst (MAbs 19M1, 21M1 and 45M1) and from a pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MAb 96RA), were compared with 5 other anti-M1 mucin MAbs described previously, which characterized the a, b, c, d and e mucin M1 epitopes. Using immunoperoxidase, these new MAbs exclusively stained the surface gastric epithelium of normal human gastro-intestinal tract and reacted with fetal, precancerous and cancerous colonic mucosa, but not with normal colon. Immunoradiofixation studies showed that these new MAbs are directed against 3 epitopes (f, g and h) which are different from the a, b, c, d and e mucin M1 epitopes, though present on the same a immunoreactive high-molecular-weight components (greater than 1,000 kDa) with a density of 1.4 by CsCl-density-gradient ultracentrifugation. M1 antigenicity is characterized by a family of 8 different M1 epitopes which were destroyed with beta-mercaptoethanol (except for the f epitope), sensitive to a 5 hr trypsin treatment and resistant to 5 mM periodate (except for the h epitope). Some epitopes (b, c and d) showed increasing immunoreactivity after 20 mM periodate treatment, suggesting cryptic location. In rat-colon adenocarcinomas, M1 mucin epitopes were masked but could be decrypted using high periodate treatment, similar to normal rat gastric mucosa, thus suggesting the absence of drastic changes in the saccharide coat of the peptide mucin portion bearing M1 epitopes. Cryptic location, periodate resistance, sensitivity to protease and conformational behavior strongly suggest that the peptidic core of gastric (or fetal colonic) mucin plays a role in M1 immunoreactivity. Indeed, the resurgence of M1 antigens during colonic carcinogenesis is due to re-expression of the peptide core of gastric (or fetal colonic) mucins.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of specific interactions of coenzymes, regulatory nucleotides and cibacron blue with nucleotide binding domains of enzymes by analytical affinity chromatography.

The dissociation constant for the complex of rhodanese and Cibacron Blue, determined by analytical affinity chromatography using rhodanese immobilized on controlled-pore glass (CPG) beads (200 nm pore diameter) and aminohexyl-Cibacron Blue, was 44 microM which agreed well with the kinetic inhibition constant, suggesting that the dye binds at or near the active site of this enzyme. Formation of a binary complex of the dye and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was also characterized by direct chromatography of LDH on CPG/immobilized Cibacron Blue (KD = 0.29 microM). The binary complex formed between LDH and NADH was characterized by analytical affinity chromatography using both CPG/immobilized LDH and immobilized Cibacron Blue. Since the dye competes with NADH in binding to the active site of LDH, competitive elution chromatography using the immobilized dye allows determination of the dissociation constant of the soluble LDH.NADH complex. Agreement between the dissociation constants determined by direct chromatography of NADH on immobilized LDH (KD = 1.4 microM) and that determined for the soluble complex (KD = 2.4 microM) indicates that immobilization of LDH did not affect the interaction. Formation of various binary, ternary and quaternary complexes of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) with glutamate, NADPH, NADH, and ADP was also investigated using immobilized GDH. This approach allows characterization of the enzyme/ligand interactions without the complicating effect of enzyme self-association. The affinity for NADPH is considerably greater in the ternary complex (including glutamate) as compared to the binary complex (0.38 microM vs 22 microM); however, occupancy of the regulatory site by ADP greatly reduces the affinity in both complexes (6.4 microM and 43 microM, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Construction and characterization of band-specific DNA libraries.

A universally primed polymerase chain reaction was developed to amplify DNA dissected from GTG-banded human chromosomes. The amplification products are cloned into plasmid vectors, which allow the rapid characterization of recombinant clones. Starting from 20-40 chromosome fragments, several thousand independent clones detecting single-copy sequences can be obtained. Although these libraries comprise only a few percent of the dissected DNA, they provide narrowly spaced anchor clones for the molecular characterization of chromosome bands and the identification of gene sequences. Here we describe the construction and characterization of DNA libraries for the Langer-Giedion syndrome chromosome region (LGCR, 8q23-24.1), Wilms tumor chromosome region 1 (WT1, 11p13), Prader-Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome chromosome region (PWCR/ANCR, 15q11.2-12), meningioma chromosome region (MGCR, 22q12-13), and fragile X chromosome region (FRAXA, Xq27.3).

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Characterization of natural populations of Nitrobacter spp. using PCR/RFLP analysis of the ribosomal intergenic spacer.

DNA sequences from the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the ribosomal operon were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using two primers derived from 16S and 23S rRNA conserved sequences. The PCR products, cleaved by 4 base cutting restriction enzymes, were used to differentiate Nitrobacter strains. This method offered a convenient alternative to serological testing for characterization of Nitrobacter isolates and enabled a large number of strains to be genotypically characterized easily and rapidly. This method was successfully used to characterize natural populations of Nitrobacter from various soils and a lake. A diversity was demonstrated in various soils, and in a lake both in freshwater and in sediments. Strains closely related to both WL and LL were found in these ecosystems. It seems that the diversity of Nitrobacter populations was not associated with global environments but may be related to the presence of locally coexisting niches.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1986

Immunocytochemical characterization of lymphocytes in benign and malignant lymphocyte-rich serous effusions.

The cytological diagnosis of malignant Lymphoma in serous effusions can be difficult because reactive lymphocytes may be morphologically indistinguishable from malignant cells in lymphocytic and other low grade Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. As a result of the present study, diagnostic accuracy can be improved by means of B- and T-cell enumeration using an immunoalkaline-phosphatase method (IAP). 30 cytological specimens, including 28 pleural, 1 pericardial and 1 ascitic fluids, were studied with a panel of monoclonal anti B- and anti T-cell antibodies (PAN B, kappa, lambda, T1, T2, OKT4, T8). Reactive lymphocytic effusions were characterized by a predominance of T cells constituting greater than or equal to 80% of all lymphocytes with an excess of helper/inducer cells (mean helper to suppressor ratio 3.0) and by a surface kappa to surface lambda ratio of 1.6 on B-cells. Tuberculous effusions showed a similar distribution of lymphocyte-subpopulations whilst most of the carcinomatous fluids showed a lower percentage of T cells (lowest value 67%) and lower Th: Ts ratio (mean 2.0). Lymphoid cells in samples of five B-cell lymphomas were characterized by T-cell depression (less than 70%). B-cells in three cases expressed clear cut light chain monoclonality which was at least suggested in the other two cases. Lymphoid cells from two cases of Hodgkin's disease expressed an indistinct immunological pattern. Labelling of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (heavy and light chains) using the peroxidase antiperoxidase method (PAP) may be important to characterize neoplasms of the plasma cell series. It is concluded that the chosen panel of antibodies in combination with IAP labelling method may be of great value in identifying B-cell lymphomas. The technique can be used in the routine laboratory and storage of unlabelled and labelled slides over long periods is possible.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1992

Application of chemically desialylated and degalactosylated human glycophorin for induction and characterization of anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies.

Human erythrocyte glycophorin was desialylated by mild acid hydrolysis and degalactosylated by Smith degradation. Two monoclonal antibodies (Tn5 and Tn56) obtained by immunization of mice with this 'artificial' Tn antigen were characterized and compared in some experiments with two antibodies (BRIC111 and LM225) obtained in other laboratories by immunization with Tn erythrocytes. The specific binding of the antibodies to glycophorins desialylated and degalactosylated on the nitrocellulose blot and to asialo-agalactoglycophorin-coated ELISA plates, and reactions with authentic Tn antigen served for identification of their anti-Tn specificity. The antibodies were further characterized in inhibition assay with various glycoproteins. The antibody Tn5 (similar to BRIC111) was shown to be specific for human erythrocyte Tn antigen, whereas Tn56 reacted strongly with different glycoproteins carrying O-linked GalNAc alpha- residues, and was strongly bound to the murine adenocarcinoma cell line Ta3-Ha. The antibodies Tn5, Tn56 and BRIC111 were similarly inhibited by ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) and asialoOSM, but the antibody LM225 showed a distinct preference in reaction with OSM (sialosyl-Tn antigen). The results show that Tn antigen, obtained by chemical modifications of human glycophorin, enables the preparation and characterization of anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies, without using rare Tn erythrocytes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1989

Characterization of West African Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei isolates from man and animals using isoenzyme analysis and DNA hybridization.

A total of 18 West African Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei stocks isolated from man and animals were characterized using isoenzyme analysis with isoelectric focusing (IEF) and DNA hybridization. They were compared with four T. (T.) brucei isolates from East and West Africa that had previously been analysed and well defined. All experiments were carried out with cell lysates of procyclic trypanosomes produced in vitro. The different stocks could be separated into two distinct groups according to their isoenzyme and DNA patterns. The homogeneous group of T. b. gambiense was characterized by zymodeme A and highly specific DNA-banding patterns (type G) always associated with stable human serum resistance. The non-gambiense group (consisting of T.b. rhodesiense and T.b. brucei) was determined by a great variation in these markers. Our results clearly indicate the existence, of T.b. rhodesiense-like parasites in West African patients. Due to their lack of human serum resistance, the four characterized animal isolates can be referred to as T. b. brucei.

Africa, Western↗

PubMed1989

Characterization of ixodid tick salivary-gland gene products, using recombinant DNA technology.

Ticks secrete an array of lesion-maintenance factors into the host via the salivary glands while feeding, some of which elicit an immune response by the host that adversely affects the ability of the tick to feed and reproduce. Our approach to characterizing these factors has been to make expression libraries from mRNA of salivary glands (from unfed and 3-day-feeding Amblyomma americanum females) which will serve as sources of the genes (clones) that code for them. Thus far, we have detected 10 positive clones in primary screens using polyspecific antiserum from rabbits hyperimmunized to 3-day-feeding tick salivary glands. We also report making a cDNA library from whole unfed females, and a genomic library from whole unfed ticks, which will serve as additional sources of genetic information for characterizing salivary-gland secretory products. Immunoblots of salivary glands from A. americanum females feeding for various intervals (unfed, and 12, 48, 72, and 96 h) revealed the presence of several prominent polypeptides (90 & 45 kDa) when probed with the same rabbit antiserum that was used to screen the expression library. Ixodes dammini had several immunogens in common with A. americanum at 96 h (90, 45, 43 and 23 kDa). We plan to use monospecific antiserum raised to antigens detected in our immunoblots (e.g. 90 kDa) to further screen the expression libraries, in addition to using the polyspecific antiserum already in hand. We discuss the future use of the salivary-gland genes for characterizing secretory products which facilitate attachment to the host (cement) and maintain the lesion during the lengthy feeding interval.

Animals↗