PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Committee on Genetic Experimentation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Use of animals in experimental research: an ethical dilemma?

Mankind has been using animals already for a long time for food, for transport and as companion. The use of animals in experimental research parallels the development of medicine, which had its roots in ancient Greece (Aristotle, Hippocrate). With the Cartesian philosophy in the 17th century, experiments on animals could be performed without great moral problems. The discovery of anaesthetics and Darwin's publication on the Origin of Species, defending the biological similarities between man and animal, contributed to the increase of animal experimentation. The increasing demand for high standard animal models together with a critical view on the use of animals led to the development of Laboratory Animal Science in the 1950s with Russell and Burch's three R's of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement as guiding principles, a field that can be defined as a multidisciplinary branch of science, contributing to the quality of animal experiments and to the welfare of laboratory animals. The increased interest in and concern about animal welfare issues led to legislative regulations in many countries and the establishment of animal ethics committees.

Animal Experimentation↗
PubMed2003

The state of the art in the 1990's: NCRP Report No. 136 on the scientific bases for linearity in the dose-response relationship for ionizing radiation.

To reassess the use of the linear-nonthreshold dose-response model in the light of advancing knowledge, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements formed Scientific Committee 1-6 and charged it to evaluate the evidence for and against the linear-nonthreshold dose-response hypothesis without reference to any associated policy ramifications. To accomplish this task, the Committee reviewed the relevant theoretical, experimental, and epidemiological data on those effects of ionizing radiation that are generally postulated to be stochastic in nature (i.e., genetic and carcinogenic effects). From its review of the data, the Committee concluded that the weight of evidence suggests that lesions that are precursors to cancer (i.e., mutations and chromosome aberrations), and certain types of cancer as well, may increase in frequency linearly with the dose in the low-dose domain. On this basis, the Committee concluded that no alternative dose-response model is more plausible than the linear-nonthreshold model although other dose-response relationships cannot be excluded, especially in view of growing evidence that the dose-response relationship may be modified by adaptive responses, bystander effects, and other variables.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A word to Varmus.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Bioethics panel.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1996

Commentary on "Family dynamics and children in medical research.

Gordon and Bonkovsky describe a disturbing case of research involving minors in their article "Family Dynamics and Children in Medical Research." As presented in the case, there is little doubt that the assent obtained from the children was inadequate for the proposed research and that the institutional review board (IRB) failed to assess sufficiently the risk-benefit ratio of the research to the child-subjects.

Adolescent↗