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Results for “Community Participation”

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PubMed1982

[Principal problems limiting community participation in water supply and sanitation projects].

For community participation to be active and sustained, effective communication is needed between the institutions charged with promoting these activities and the population that is to benefit from the programs in view, particularly economically deprived and rural populations. In this document the author considers the obstacles he observed in Guatemala to the promotion of water supply and sanitation systems, and suggests measures for surmounting them. He also proposes a series of general strategies for making the community an active participant in these activities.

Communication Barriers↗

PubMed1999

Stimulating community participation in a group of farm workers using action research.

This study assessed whether community participation in health related activity was a reality or just popular development rhetoric. Using action research methodology, focus group discussions and informal contacts were made with farm workers consisting of twelve families in Umkomaas, south of Durban in the province of Kwa Zulu Natal. The aim was to establish whether this community could be actively involved in all aspects of community participation. The level of participation was described using Rifkin's model (Rifkin et al, 1988). Results of this study revealed that the community was able to identify their own health problems, prioritize them and plan appropriate strategies to meet the needs identified.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Community participation of the elderly Chicano: a model.

The elderly Chicano comprise a population that is distinct in historical background, socialization patterns, coping mechanisms, and patterns of participation in community affairs. These distinctive characteristics have often been overlooked by community planners who know little about elderly Chicanos and assume that all their needs can be met by their families. Several strategies are proposed for the development of participatory processes and systems that take into account the reality of daily life in the barrio. Statistical data should be enriched by qualitative information for decision-making purposes: the calm rationality of one set of people discussing the problems of others should be balanced by the fire of people describing their own experiences.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

An integrated malaria control program with community participation on the Pacific Coast of Colombia.

The study focuses on integrated malaria control in 23 communities on the Pacific Coast of Colombia, with several elements of an ecosystem approach to human health, including malaria-related sociopolitical, ecological, and economic factors. The program fostered community participation. The program presented here had 2 components: implementation and research. The first was conducted in 23 communities, 21 of which lacked adequate health services in terms of education, community participation, prompt diagnosis and complete treatment, and vector control. Research focused on specific vector control measures and the current national health services decentralization process. The project: 1) created a malaria prevention culture in the community; 2) avoided deaths from malaria (no fatal cases in the 3-year period, compared to 5-8 deaths a year previously); 3) avoided cases of cerebral malaria (no cases, as compared to 90-110 per year previously); 4) reduced malaria incidence by 45.36%; 5) decreased length of sick leave from 7.52 to 3.7 days; 6) established a permanent network of microscope technicians and 2-way radio communications; 7) integrated work by local, regional, and outside institutions; 8) demonstrated efficacy of insecticide-impregnated bednets to reduce malaria transmission.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed2003

Strategies for community participation in diabetes prevention: a Detroit experience.

The African-American community has been disproportionately burdened by diabetes and its associated complications. Nearly 2.8 million African Americans have diabetes. It is essential to increase community participation in diabetes prevention and health promotion as a method to improve health disparities. To address these issues, the Center for Medical Treatment Programs in Diverse Populations (MedTEP) was developed at Henry Ford Health System. The community participatory strategies described in this paper give a framework, which health systems can use to develop community-based partnerships and improve participation of community members in diabetes prevention and diabetes-related research. The strategies include receiving guidance by community leaders, providing a service, establishing partnerships, and disseminating information to the community. It is the goal of the MedTEP Center to continue to further develop and test models of community outreach to determine the most effective approaches to improve health outcomes and sustain the gain in African-American communities.

Black or African American↗

PubMed1996

Qualitative assessment of community participation in health promotion activities.

Qualitative assessments of community participation were made at the beginning and end of a two-year project for improving children's health in an Indonesian village. The project directly addressed village health volunteers rather than the population in general, and this largely explained the marked improvements in indicators relating to organization, management and needs which were achieved.

Child↗

PubMed1992

Community participation in the malaria control program in Thailand: a review.

The focus of this paper is on community participation in the Thai Malaria Control Program. Two projects concerned are reviewed. First, the Village Voluntary Malaria Collaborator Program has been established for case detection. Second, the Village Malaria Self-Reliance Project aims at malaria prevention. Both projects have been able to get community participation at a certain level. The success of the projects depend on the community, the structures of the projects and the malaria situation in the communities.

Community Health Services↗

PubMed1999

Health education and community participation in the control of urinary schistosomiasis in Ghana.

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of health education and community participation for the provision of facilities necessary for the control of urinary schistosomiasis in southern Ghana. HYPOTHESIS: Health education facilitates community participation in the provision of facilities for the control of bilharzia. STUDY AREA: Three rural communities drained by the Densu river in southern Ghana. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 14 years and above formed groups of 10-12 persons by age, sex, ethnic and educational background; 15-16 groups were formed. INTERVENTIONS: Based on existing structures, one community received active, another passive health education and the third had no education. All three communities received chemotherapy. DESIGN: Study was carried out in three phases: pre-intervention phase--during which baseline data on residents' knowledge, attitude, beliefs and perception about bilharzia were collected using focus group discussions (FGD) prior to the second phase, intervention. Another FGD was held after 18 months to evaluate the intervention--third phase. RESULTS: This study suggests that most community members were aware of schistosomiasis but not as a disease. Before the health education, some residents believed bilharzia was a sign of manhood while others attributed the red colour of the urine to the red colour of a variety of sugar cane eaten in the area. After the health education, residents in the three areas constructed hand-dug wells. In addition, those who received active health education constructed two toilets for the schools and weeded the banks of the rivers. Residents also associated the disease with the water snail. CONCLUSION: Health education was useful in changing community perception on bilharzia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Ten best readings on community participation and health.

This article reviews, in the opinion of the author, the 10 most influential reading on community participation and health development. The introduction notes that some of the articles do not address health directly but still do bring crucial interpretations to the topic. All articles view community participation as an intervention by which the lives of people, particularly the poor and marginalised can be improved. In addition, they all address the issue of the value of participation to equity and sustainability. The article considers the readings under four heading: concepts and theory; advocacy; critiques and case studies. It highlights the important contributions each reading makes to the understanding of participation in the wider context of health and health development. In conclusion, the article argues that participation has not met the objectives of planners and professionals, in good part, because it is questionable as to whether viewing participation as an intervention enables them to make correct assessments of its contribution to development. The bottom line is that participation is always about power and control, an issue planners and professionals do not want explicitly to address.

Community Health Planning↗

PubMed1993

[Factors related to community participation in primary care in the province of Toledo].

OBJECTIVE: To identify how many professionals have, in their view, some experience of community participation (CP); how many have a positive attitude to CP; and other associated factors. DESIGN: Observational, analytic, crossover study. PARTICIPANTS: Professionals from 22 Health Centres (HC). INTERVENTION: A questionnaire on attitudes, knowledge and behaviour. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 220 (67%) of the 330 professionals who received the survey replied. More than half of these considered that CP in the HC was important. 49% had some experience of this question: of these 59% evaluated their experience was successful, a variable which was linked to work satisfaction, attachment to the HC for less than one year or more than five and being a nursing professional. The main problem was considered to be lack of preparation; and the main cause of failure of experiments was defective planning. 95% of professionals were willing to work on health projects involving community participation. CONCLUSIONS: Even accepting the difficulty of measuring attitudes, knowledge and behaviour, the idea and that the positive attitudes and/or experiences of Primary Care health professionals to CP are a chance phenomenon is rejected. An intervention study to check the hypotheses suggested in this study concerning the variable factors which favour success in community health participation is proposed.

Community Participation↗

PubMed2005

Community participation in the treatment development process using community development teams.

Little literature exists about methods for adapting research-based treatments to typical practice settings. This report describes a 2-step process and associated methods used to adapt a school-based treatment program for middle-school youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that operates in a controlled setting to one that can operate in a typical practice setting. Step 1 included a feasibility study that yielded important findings regarding potential obstacles to successful implementation. These data, along with original treatment manuals and literature on treatments for youth with ADHD, were utilized for Step 2--the Community Development Team (CDT) process. Data collected about the CDT process indicate that its strengths outweigh potential limitations. These methods are discussed in the context of successful collaborative procedures for developing and evaluating research-based treatments in practice settings.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Shared local health system management and community participation in Brazil].

The introduction of the Unified Health System (SUS) by the Brazilian government has helped enhance community participation. A survey in 12 municipalities in different States of the country focused on the decentralization process implemented by the Federal government (Basic Operational Ruling NOB01/93). Based on the ruling's implementation, community participation has improved in the municipalities, the number of local health councils has increased, and more local people have become involved in the process. Another important aspect of the new health policy has been the direct influence of the local health councils in managing the system. Local health councils have thus been an efficient channel for community involvement. This paper discusses how the population has been represented in such councils in the wake of the decentralization process. The authors ask, what is the relationship between social democracy and political democracy, and what kind of state reform should be carried out?

Brazil↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Community participation and quality of life outcomes after adult traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined outcomes after traumatic brain injury in adults salient to occupational therapy. METHOD: Demographic data and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores from the inpatient rehabilitation stay were first gathered from a retrospective chart review. At follow-up, 25 adults, on average 21 months post-injury, completed measures of disability, community participation, quality of life, and satisfaction with occupational therapy during a telephone interview. Analysis of covariance was used to test the differences between pretest and posttest scores on the FIM; regression analysis and correlations were used to analyze predictions and relationships. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements in FIM scores during rehabilitation were predictive of the level of long-term disability and community participation among participants. At follow-up, participants were often unemployed, depressed and withdrawn, and experienced limitations in decision making, hand use, bladder control, and community integration. Less disability and more community participation were related to higher quality of life. Satisfaction with occupational therapy, although high, was unrelated to most outcomes. CONCLUSION: Results support the premise that participation is associated with a high quality of life, yet persons with brain injury have significant needs for long-term occupational therapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2000

Community Participation in Nutrition Communication: Models and Linkage Systems for Management.

New models of community participation, nutrition communication, and management linkages have been proposed. Changes in the health care sector have forced a major restructuring of facilities and a shifting of focus from traditional institution-based health care to a more community-based delivery of services, and from treatment to health promotion and disease prevention. These changes have also led to a redefinition of community clients and a review of the social processes whereby community members can participate actively in their health care. Challenges for health and nutrition professionals are to create manageable environments for meaningful dialogues, and to communicate action-oriented nutrition messages that reflect the community's values and realities. Some theories on learning and behaviour change can be applied to and aid in nutrition communication. At the same time, facilitators of and barriers to community participation in nutrition communication programs must be identified and addressed. In addition, during this time of health care transition, dietitians and nutritionists must position themselves as leaders in health and nutrition communication so that the community will act on their messages. Partnerships or linkages between organizations at the local, national, and international levels can assist in the effective delivery of nutrition information.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

Cultural influences in community participation in health.

The adoption of Primary Health Care in developing countries brought a new interest in the influence of cultural factors in community health programs. This paper traces the changes in the way that the role of culture has been analyzed in relation to community health issues and in particular with respect to 'community participation'. A look at recent perspectives shows that the fate of community health programs has come to be seen as relying more on structural factors in health care systems than on cultural factors within local communities. There has also been an increasing emphasis on political factors or power relationships within and between health agencies, governments, and various levels of national health care systems. These perspectives raise new questions for community health programs and the strategy of community participation.

Community Health Services↗

PubMed2000

Management model of community participative rabies vaccine fund.

The objective of this study was to set up a management model of a Rabies Vaccine Fund by using community participation. It was a Participatory Action Research-PAR (Research and Development) during January-December 1999. The target population were the Local Administrative Organization (LAO) committee, community leaders and village health volunteers. The research instrument was the focus group discussion purposively set. The result showed that the Rabies Vaccine Fund was successful, sustainable with no rabies case and the fund increased. The management model of Rabies Vaccine Fund consists of the fund committee, community participation in fund raising, delegation of work, fund regulation, animal vector registration and immunization, and provision of health education through village cable line. The recommendation is that promotion of this type of Rabies Vaccine Fund should be one alternative of a rabies protection and control program.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Community participation in health: perpetual allure, persistent challenge.

The concept of community participation continues to capture the attention of international health policymakers and analysts nearly a quarter of a century after it was formally introduced at the Alma Ata Conference. This paper reviews trends in the participation literature of the 1990s, drawing examples primarily from Latin America. The following topics are discussed: sustainability, new methods for operationalizing and evaluating participation, the significance of local and cultural variability in determining outcomes, participatory self-determination as raised in the social movements literature, the increasing importance of intersectoral linkages, and continuing impediments posed by biomedical ideologies and systems. While the rhetoric and practice of participation have become fully integrated into mainstream health and development discourses, the paper concludes that ideological and political disagreements continue to divide pragmatists, who favour utilitarian models of participation, from activists, who prefer empowerment models.

Community Health Planning↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Willingness to pay for rural health insurance through community participation in India.

The main objective of this article is to examine the willingness to pay for a viable rural health insurance scheme through community participation in India, and the policy concerns it engenders. The willingness to pay for a rural health insurance scheme through community participation is estimated through a contingent valuation approach (logit model), by using the rural household survey on health from Karnataka State in India. The results show that insurance/saving schemes are popular in rural areas. In fact, people have relatively good knowledge of insurance schemes (especially life insurance) rather than saving schemes. Most of the people stated they are willing to join and pay for the proposed rural health insurance scheme. However, the probability of willingness to join was found to be greater than the probability of willingness to pay. Indeed, socio-economic factors and physical accessibility to quality health services appeared to be significant determinants of willingness to join and pay for such a scheme. The main justification for the willingness to pay for a proposed rural health insurance scheme are attributed from household survey results: (a) the existing government health care provider's services is not quality oriented; (b) is not easily accessible; and, (c) is not cost effective. The discussion suggests that policy makers in India should take serious note of the growing influence of the private sector and people's willingness to pay for organizing a rural health insurance scheme to provide quality and efficient health care in India. Policy interventions in health should not ignore private sector existence and people's willingness to pay for such a scheme and these two factors should be explicitly involved in the health management process. It is also argued that regulatory and supportive policy interventions are inevitable to promote this sector's viable and appropriate development in organizing a health insurance scheme.

Attitude to Health↗