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PubMed1981

Diagnosis of human rotavirus infections: comparison of an electrophoretic method, a modified complement fixation test and electron microscopy for rotavirus detection.

A modified complement fixation test and a counter-immuno-electrophoresis on cellulose acetate were compared to electron microscopy, in detecting Rotavirus from stool specimens. Out of 75 samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis, 40 per cent yielded positive results. The main advantages of the above two methods in routine diagnosis are discussed.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1987

Effect of Eperythrozoon ovis on the lysis of sheep erythrocytes in the complement fixation test.

When erythrocytes from sheep experimentally infected with Eperythrozoon ovis were used in the titration of reagents for a standardised complement fixation test, increased amounts of both haemolysin and complement were required for erythrocyte lysis compared with preinfection titrations. The haemolysin requirement increased by up to 125% at 55 days post-infection and complement requirement increased by up to 40% at 40 days post-infection. These changes appeared to correlate with the development of a macrocytic anaemia in affected sheep rather than E. ovis parasitaemia. The results emphasise the need to carefully monitor the haematological parameters of sheep used as sources of erythrocytes for the complement fixation test.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1984

A complement fixation test for visceral leishmaniasis using homologous parasite antigen I.

The complement fixation test using homologous parasite antigen was evaluated in 60 individuals with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis and compared with the results obtained in individuals with other parasitic and infectious diseases; 88% of the confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis were positive whilst no positive reactions were observed in individuals with other infectious and parasitic diseases. The specificity was partially compromised by anticomplementary activity in 5%, limited to individuals with visceral leishmaniasis, and doubtful (2%) or sero-negative (7%) results.

Antigens, Protozoan↗
PubMed1978

A complement fixation test for antibody to the contagious equine metritis organism.

A complement fixation test (CFT) based on that used for brucellosis (Brinley Morgan and others 1971) has been developed for use on the sera of horses exposed to the contagious equine metritis (CEM) organism. None of 50 single samples from horses thought to be unexposed to the CEM organism was positive to the test, although five showed inconclusive reactions. Samples were examined from 41 mares either proved to be infected or from an infected stud. Of these 21 were positive, 11 were inconclusive and nine were negative. The relationship of the CFT to reactions in the other tests used in this condition is discussed--the serum agglutination test (SAT) and antiglobulin test (AGT) (Benson and others 1978). Complement fixing antibodies appear to remain for a longer period in the infected animal, and are therefore more likely to be of use in the diagnosis of the chronic carrier state.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1986

A short, reliable, highly reproducible complement fixation test for the serological diagnosis of contagious equine metritis.

A complement fixation test, using round-bottomed microtitration plates and an 8 channel microdiluter, based on that used for brucellosis by Herr, Huchzermeyer, Te Brugge, Williamson, Roos & Schiele, 1985, has been developed for use on the sera of horses to detect antibodies to the contagious equine metritis organism. The results with 2 known positive sera tested 116 times in 27 separate tests were reproducible for the most part within a twofold range. They seldom exceeded these limits and never exceeded a fourfold range. The test itself is capable of being carried out within 90 min. The test was slightly more sensitive when sera were inactivated in a hot air oven for 50 min at 58 degrees C, as compared to inactivation at 62 degrees C in a water-bath for 50 min. There were no false negative or false positive reactions and no anticomplementary activity in the sera tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A new complement fixation test for toxoplasmosis. Comparison with other serological methods.

A new complement fixation test for toxoplasmosis has been compared with the classical test indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and indirect haemoagglutination test (IHAT). Neither false positive or negative results were obtained with LBCF-H100-TTE. Notably these values correlate well with IFA titers. Furthermore LBCF-H100-TTE shows the highest titers in acute cases and its time course is practically superimposable to IFAT. The differences obtained performing these different tests on the preferential detection of different antigen antibodies systems by these 3 tests are discussed.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1983

Improvement of complement fixation test antigen for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection.

Several attempts were made to develop a complement fixation test antigen which is useful and practicable for the diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. For the preparation of antigen, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was grown in broth medium containing horse serum for 14 days by shaking culture. Anticomplementary activity of antigen was eliminated by addition of complement and heating at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes. Storage of this antigen at 4 degrees C or at room temperature for 12 months had no significant effect on antigen titer. In the complement fixation test with this antigen, complement-fixing antibodies could be detected up to 41 weeks after experimental inoculation by KIO4 treatment of serum. They were demonstrated in 81.4% of 296 sera collected at slaughterhouses in five prefectures.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A new complement fixation test for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in cerebrospinal fluid.

As a modification of the classical complement fixation test, a new test for immunodiagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was developed. When the assay was used for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in 149 CSF samples from patients and 1036 from controls, results showed 93% concordance with positives and 97% with negatives when compared with the results obtained by ELISA; in addition, it was positive in 12 of 16 cases of neurocysticercosis in which negative results had been obtained by ELISA. The new complement fixation test is particularly useful in CSF because of the immunological peculiarities of the subarachnoid space, where local synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies is induced by infectious agents. Reagents used for the assay are easy to produce and preserve, and the test is inexpensive, reliable and easy to perform. As this test detects the immunobiological consequence of the antigen-antibody reaction, it can be used in conjunction with other assays, such as ELISA, that measure the reaction directly, thus increasing the diagnostic possibilities. It may also be used where financial or technical limitations hinder access to other immunodiagnostic tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the influence of antigens on the results with the gonococcal complement fixation test in patients with uncomplicated and complicated gonorrhoea.

The gonococcal complement fixation test (GCFT) was investigated with regard to its sensitivity and specificity by testing serum specimens from (a) female patients attending a VD out-patient clinic because of suspected gonorrhoea, (b) patients with a proven, uncomplicated, urogenital gonococcal, infection, (c) patients with disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). Three different pools of gonococcal (GC) antigens were used which were comprised of GC strains from two different geographical areas. It was found that 39% of the females with culture-proven uncomplicated gonorrhoea had a positive GCFT whereas 10% of the females with negative GC cultures had a positive GCFT. The latter were found to have either a history of gonorrhoea or strong clinical suspicion of recent GC infection. One of the GC antigen pools gave a much lower diagnostic yield than the other two pools in the GCFTs with serum specimens from patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea. However, no differences were found between the antigen pools in the tests with serum specimens from patients with DGI. These findings indicate the presence of various strain antigens participating in the immune response to complicated as well as uncomplicated GC infections. The results are presented in detail and discussed.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Single radial complement fixation test for assaying antibody to influenza virus type-specific antigens.

An immunodiffusion technique in agarose is described for assay of complement-fixing antibodies against the type-specific soluble antigen of influenza virus. Under the test conditions, positive human serum produced a definite unlysed zone around the well, and the annulus area showed a high correlation with the antibody level in a conventional complement fixation test with log2 serum titer. This paper also describes the use of this method as a diagnostic procedure for the assay of antibodies against soluble antigens of influenza A and B viruses in paired human sera collected from persons infected with the virus or who received ether-split vaccine. This method appears to more sensitive and gives more consistent results for serodiagnosis of infection cases than do the hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and complement fixation tests. Our results suggest that the single radial complement fixation test can provide a simple and reliable method for serodiagnosis of influenza virus infection.

Agar↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of MYCOPLASMELISA with complement fixation test for measurement of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

The MYCOPLASMELISA test kit was compared with the complement fixation test for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody in single sera and evaluation of acute- and convalescent-phase serum pairs for significant rises in antibody titers. Agreement between the two assays was 96.6% (85 of 88) for antibody detection and 93.9% (92 of 98) for evaluation of paired sera. Sensitivity and specificity of MYCOPLASMELISA, relative to complement fixation, for the serodiagnosis of recent M. pneumoniae infection was 92.2% (59 of 64) and 95% (19 of 20), respectively.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1966

Complement-fixation tests with cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphoma and acute leukemias.

Armstrong, Donald (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa.), Gertrude Henle, and Werner Henle. Complement-fixation tests with cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphoma and acute leukemias. J. Bacteriol. 91:1257-1262. 1966.-Cells of various lines isolated from Burkitt's lymphomas and acute leukemias and disintegrated by freezing and thawing or sonic treatment were found to react in complement-fixation tests with a considerable proportion of human sera. At least 10(7) cells per milliliter were required for antigenic activity. All but one of 13 sera from Burkitt lymphoma patients were positive, with titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:320. About 20% of sera from American children and 60% of sera from adults, regardless of diagnosis, showed titers in a similar range. Sera giving positive tests with one of the neoplastic white cell antigens usually reacted also with many if not all of the others, but rarely with antigens derived from normal peripheral leukocyte cultures and not at all with HeLa or other human nonleukocytic cells. Various observations indicate that the complement-fixation test measures mainly antigens which are different from those detected by immunofluorescence. The nature of the reactions described remains obscure.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Development of a monoclonal antibody for use as an amboceptor in complement fixation tests.

A monoclonal antibody for use as a haemolytic amboceptor in complement fixation tests was developed. The monoclonal antibody selected was investigated in parallel with conventional rabbit amboceptor. The results with the monoclonal amboceptor were at least as good as with the rabbit amboceptor. Production of the monoclonal amboceptor was attained provided that hybridoma growth factor was added to the culture medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Single inoculation immune hamster sera for typing California group arboviruses by the complement-fixation test.

Eight reference California group viruses of North America were typed using sera of immune hamsters bled 21 days after a single inoculation. The complement-fixation test reactions were relatively specific, although only 2-fold differences were observed reciprocally with the closely-related La Crosse and snowshoe hare viruses. Hamster serum taken 10 days post inoculation was more specific than a 21-day serum. Sepcificity after second inoculation was lost with some antigens. Jamestown Canyon and South River viruses were identical by complement-fixation test and showed minor differences in the plaque reduction neutralization test.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of a commercially available complement fixation test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and for follow-up after antimicrobial therapy.

Commercially available complement fixation test reagents (Institute Virion Ltd., Rüschlikon, Zurich, Switzerland) available in package format were evaluated for the serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The assay was compared with bacterial culture and histological Giemsa stain of gastric biopsy specimens obtained from 930 patients of different ages and from different ethnic groups, with a variety of upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. The prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, respectively, were 35, 71, 90, 80, and 85% for Belgian patients aged 40 years or younger, 50, 81, 93, 92, and 83% for Belgian patients older than 40 years, and 83, 83, 79, 95, and 48% for Mediterranean patients. Using 645 serum specimens from 226 patients, we also evaluated the complement fixation test for its ability to monitor the eradication of H. pylori following antimicrobial therapy. Overall, H. pylori was eradicated from 122 patients while 104 patients remained infected with the organism. A significant decrease in antibody levels was observed 3 to 6 months after the end of therapy in the group of patients from whom H. pylori was eradicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1968

Advantage of a routine Reiter protein complement-fixation test in the serodiagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy.

One hundred and twenty-seven (0.3%) reactive serological tests for syphilis were obtained by routine examination of sera from 35,912 antenatal patients.Forty-eight (38%) of these reactive sera were associated with reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody and Treponema pallidum immobilization results and these patients were therefore considered to show serological evidence of treponemal infection. Sera from 13 of these 48 patients (27%) gave reactive Reiter protein complement-fixation tests in the absence of detected ;reagin' antibody. Seventy-nine patients showed non-specific biological false positive reactions to the routine tests. Following clinical assessment of these serologically reactive patients, approximately one in 100 immigrant and one in 2,500 non-immigrant pregnant women examined in this series were treated with penicillin; this represented just over half the number of patients with serological evidence of a treponemal infection, a ratio which was similar for immigrant and native born women. Yaws was the likely treponemal infection in the majority of infected immigrants. The significance of the serological results and the advantages of the Reiter protein complement-fixation test are discussed.

Complement Fixation Tests↗