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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A method for evaluating head-controlled computer input devices using Fitts' law.

The discrete movement task employed in this study consisted of moving a cursor from the center of a computer display screen to circular targets located 24.4 and 110.9 mm in eight radial directions. The target diameters were 2.7, 8.1, and 24.2 mm. Performance measures included movement time, cursor path distance, and root-mean-square cursor deviation. Ten subjects with no movement disabilities were studied using a conventional mouse and a lightweight ultrasonic head-controlled computer input pointing device. Average movement time was 306 ms greater (63%) for the head-controlled pointer than for the mouse. The effect of direction on movement time for the mouse was relatively small compared with the head-controlled pointer, which was lowest at 90 and 270 deg, corresponding to head extension and head flexion, respectively. Average path distance and root mean square displacement was lowest at off-diagonal directions (0, 90, 180, and 270 deg). This methodology was also shown to be useful for evaluating performance using an alternative head-controlled input device for two subjects having cerebral palsy, and measured subtle performance improvements after providing a disabled subject with lateral torso support.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

User's review of the Canon Colour Copier.

The ability to link the new Canon Colour Laser Copier to a computer opens up new boundaries of data manipulation. A report from the user's point of view, describes a system comprising the copier with computer input, slide scanner and flat copy capacity. Information is given on the types of materials produced, the types of users, the cost of purchase and maintenance, and the potential for generating profit.

Computer Peripherals↗
PubMed1992

[Teleradiography for diagnosis in emergency care. A clinical experience].

This work was aimed at evaluating the role of teleradiology in a diagnostic emergency room. Over a 6-month period (September 1991-February 1992), 2,000 films made in the emergency room were transmitted to a resident radiologist 1 kilometer away: each examination included patient's data (sex, age, site of trauma, etc.) which were sent by the admitting physician. A teleradiology system (Lumiscan 100 AT&T and Philips) was used. Films were digitized on a 1024 x 1024 x 8-bit image matrix and then transmitted over a dedicated standard phone line to the Department of Radiology. The autograph report was sent by fax to the emergency room. Four radiologists, of varying experience, independently reviewed a sample of 179 digitized radiographs and, 30 days later, the original films on a conventional light-box. The results appear to be encouraging because no significant differences were observed in the performance of any of the radiologists. Good video/films agreement was obtained, together with high sensitivity and specificity. A good result was the relatively small number (0.4% of all examined cases) of false negatives diagnosed on faxed films relative to the actual clinical diagnosis.

Computer Peripherals↗
PubMed1991

The need and user requirements for integrating images with radiology reports.

Radiology reports are likely to be more useful if they contain appropriate graphic material. Diagnostic conclusions and recommendations become more convincing and useful when the clinician personally can review the image on which these are based. Modern desk-top publishing techniques make it possible to incorporate radiographic images, appropriately selected and annotated, as part of the radiology report. It is believed that such illustrated reports would be preferred by referring physicians, notwithstanding a significant loss of image detail. A survey of these referring physicians was carried out to determine whether this hypothesis was correct.

Computer Peripherals↗
PubMed1991

Optical mark reader technology and data base development in anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.

The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (DACCM) has substantially upgraded its computer resources within the past two years by installing a local area network (LAN) and replacing low-end PC's with PC's utilizing Intel 80286 or 80386 microprocessor technology. Data base development has now become a priority. Data bases are being developed for both clinical and administrative purposes. We are replacing the traditional method of "keypunching" with optical card scanners which results in faster and more accurate data entry directly into the data bases. Previously, such card scanners have been confined to large organizations. We describe a method of data capture and data base development with wide applicability in medicine.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1990

Recording vectorcardiographic loops with a microdot thermal printer.

The principle of recording vectorcardiographic loops with a microdot thermal printer is developed using a very small memory area. It is based on two previous achievements: (i) orthogonal electocardiogram derivation from the conventional 12-lead system and (ii) recoding of biomedical signals with a microdot thermal printer, thus permitting the VCG to be just an extension of the standard ECG. The principle consists of decomposing the loop into horizontal sectors each one representing a non-ambigous function. It is implemented in ECG instruments, using the Gotemba microdot thermal printers TLP 480Z and TLP 880Z produced in Japan.

Computer Peripherals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The computer as a tool in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral vascular disease.

The application of a mini computer to a routine diagnostic vascular laboratory has been assessed in over 4,500 patients over a period of 5 years. The laboratory functions to provide diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. The computer functions are: scientific, in which it is used for modelling the arterial system and for applying diagnostic algorithms using haemodynamic signals re-input data, data base management, in which it is used to store clinical histories, the results of haemodynamic tests, and data for reconstructive surgery, and administrative, in which it is used for laboratory booking, report generation and management and workload statistics.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computer-assisted evaluation of the status of the peripheral nervous system in alcoholics].

The authors present the principles of work of a computer system destined for evaluation of the results of routine electrophysiological examination of two muscles and four sensory nerves in alcohol-dependent subjects. The range of examinations and the programme based on discrimination analysis make possible, as shown in own investigations, an objective and complete evaluation of the state of the peripheral nervous system in these subjects. The programme is owned by the EMG laboratory of the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw where it was introduced for clinical diagnosis, but it may be made available to other persons interested in these problems. An electromyograph with a stimulator with current exit averager and minicomputer, e.g. Commodore 64 with a printer are necessary.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone mineral analysis using single-energy computed tomography.

We present a new method for evaluating in vivo changes in bone mineralization in the peripheral skeleton, using computed tomography (CT). A set of bone mineralization indices are generated from numerous CT images of the patient's distal radius. The cross-sectional anatomy displayed by the CT scan allows for separate evaluation of the cortical and trabecular bone. Correction for possible drift of the CT number scale (Hounsfield scale) is achieved by scanning standard solutions of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate simultaneously with the forearm. Preliminary data indicate that this is a precise method for evaluating in vivo changes in bone mineralization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Diffuse peripheral lung disease: evaluation by high-resolution computed tomography.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was performed on 15 patients who had diffuse peripheral lung disease, and the findings were compared with those of conventional chest radiography and histologic examination. Bullae, interstitial fibrosis with honeycombing, and small granulomas were more clearly and specifically demonstrated on HRCT scans than on conventional chest radiographs in all patients. Histologically proved mild alveolar wall thickening due to alveolitis in cases of sarcoidosis and systemic lupus erythematosus was not detected. HRCT is useful for performing detailed morphological analyses of abnormalities of the peripheral portions of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Robotic-assisted transbronchial biopsy versus computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of direct comparative studies.

Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) and computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy (CTTB) are competing strategies for sampling peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Whether they differ in yield or safety is uncertain. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review restricted to direct comparisons. We searched MEDLINE, Europe PMC, Scopus, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to 7 July 2026 for studies directly comparing RAB with CTTB in adults with PPLs. The primary outcome was strict 2024 American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians diagnostic yield. Risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS-I and certainty with GRADE. A cohort-genealogy step identified, per outcome, the largest set of cohorts sharing no patients; only that set was pooled, with Hartung-Knapp and Mantel-Haenszel sensitivity analyses. Five retrospective studies from one US health system were eligible. Four share patients; at most three cohorts are mutually independent. Across those three, diagnostic yield was comparable (risk ratio [RR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-1.06; I²=24%; Hartung-Knapp 0.87-1.13), with an identical relative effect under strict and intermediate definitions although absolute yields fell from 88% to 74-84% under strict criteria. Pneumothorax requiring a chest tube and/or admission was about three-quarters less frequent with RAB across all three cohorts (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14-0.46; I²=0%; Hartung-Knapp 0.07-0.96). Strict yield (RR 0.99) and any pneumothorax (RR 0.06) were reported by two cohorts each and neither survives the few-studies correction. RAB took about 50 min longer than CTTB where same-session staging endobronchial ultrasound was counted in the robotic time, but only about 8 min longer than CTTB where it was not. Only one cohort reported yield by lesion size category and none reported yield by bronchus sign or lung zone, so lesion-level subgroups could not be pooled. Certainty was low for pleural complications and very low elsewhere. Low-certainty evidence indicates that RAB is associated with fewer pleural complications, with no statistically detectable difference in diagnostic yield; equivalence was not formally established. Because all evidence is retrospective, confined to one health system, and almost never stratified by lesion size or accessibility, these findings are hypothesis-generating and require a multicenter randomized trial.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of hepatic fascioliasis.

In seven patients with active fascioliasis of the liver, CT revealed nodular intrahepatic lesions of diminished attenuation, as well as peripheral branching formations. Computed tomography was negative in a single patient with quiescent disease. Computed tomography can be a useful tool for the diagnosis of this disease during the invasive period and also to evaluate response of patients to medical treatment.

Adolescent↗