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A computer program in BASIC has been written which will compute all scores for the Farnsworth 100-hue test, and plot them in the appropriate colour on a polar co-ordinate graph. Hard copy can be obtained on a dot-matrix printer. The program is simple to use, and considerably curtails the analysis time for this test, as well as eliminating possible computational errors.
A computer program in BASIC for compartment model independent analysis (AUC-RPP) is presented. The program is based on regression analysis of the terminal phase, the area under the curve and the area under the first moment curve. It is designed for i.v. constant rate infusion, i.v. push and extravascular administration. For the latter route a simple estimate on the absorption rate constant is performed.
A computer program which expedites the quantitation and comparison of cultured lymphocyte proliferative responses is described. The program, entitled PROLIF, is written in VAX BASIC and computes this in vitro activity by collating and reducing radioactive count data obtained from tritiated-thymidine incorporation studies. The report generated by this program includes descriptive statistics such as the mean, percentage change from control and t-test probability. Special program features allow for flexibility in experimental protocol design, user-defined default program options, and automatic result storage on disk for subsequent archiving purposes.
A computer program for calculating required amounts of reagents for making up chemical solutions is presented. The program also maintains a custom list of available reagents. Use of the interactive mode guides the novice in entering the required information. The program is written in the BASIC programming language for IBM compatible microcomputers. It is available without cost from the author.
The computer program CASPER and its algorithms are described. The program is aimed at facilitating the determination of structures of oligosaccharides and regular polysaccharides, requiring as input either the one-dimensional 1H or 13C NMR spectrum or the 2D C,H-correlation NMR spectrum together with information on components and linkages. The databases, the method of simulating spectra, options of the program, and techniques for faster calculations are described as well as an example of a structural determination.
We have made use of a new computer program which rapidly searches for DNA patterns irrespective of the exact sequence, in order to search systematically for repetitive palindromic structures on the Escherichia coli chromosome. By using a relatively restrictive criterion, we detected three families of palindromic structures. One is present in ribosomal RNA operons. Since seven identical ribosomal RNA operons are found on the E. coli genome, this constitutes a validation of the method. Another family is constituted by the extragenic palindromic units (PUs or REP) already described (Gilson et al., 1984). We propose a slightly different consensus for this highly repetitive and dispersed family. The last is a subclass of symmetrical transcription termination sites which we have identified. They are present in four attenuator sites and at least one terminator for convergent operons. We suggest that these symmetrical terminator sites may play a general role in the termination of transcription for convergent operons. We discuss briefly how this type of approach could be used to analyse the structure of genomes.
We present a computer program that is based on Karber's approximation of endpoint titers, written in GW-BASIC and provides an easy means for analyzing the results of dilution endpoint assays. The program provides estimates of standard error that are not possible from other statistical procedures for this type of data.
The computer program PEDINFUS permits the fast and simple definition of the individual nutrient amounts and infusion volumes in accordance with age, weight and possible metabolic complications for children up to 18 years. All components needed for total parenteral nutrition are taken into account. The conditions necessary for the optimal satisfaction of the individual needs of each patient by means of combined solutions have thus been created.
Easy Cloner is a computer program that manipulates DNA sequences as in cloning experiments and produces maps of the resulting plasmids. The program runs in the graphics mode of an IBM PC or compatible computer and is operated by using a mouse to point to the required actions. The program is available in the public domain.
A computer program for localizing visual field defects is presented. It is based on a decision tree which has been converted into a program written in Turbo-Pascal and can be run on any IBM-compatible computer. A question-and-answer routine guides the examiner to the localization of the defect.
A new computer program is reported that provides work schedules for nursing staff. Designed to run on the NEC PC-9801 personal computer using the N88-BASIC(86) interpreter, this program is intended for use by the senior nurses of each ward and removes most of the manual burden of staff work scheduling. The word work schedule can be created in only 90 seconds by the program and allows for individual nursing staff requests for particular work assignments.
An accurate, rapid calculation of Cardiac Output is of great importance during the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper describes a complete, self-contained mini-computer system, based on a Data General NOVA 1220 which can accurately sample data and compute the results in about 30 sec. The system uses the thermodilution method with a Swan-Ganz catheter to collect data and a weighted least-squares technique to compute the results.
A BASIC computer program for calculating ED50 and LD50 values and their confidence limits by probit analysis and weighted linear regression is presented. It also includes the Chi square procedure for testing the mathematical model and allows on-screen high resolution graphic display. The portable program can easily be modified for use in different models of microcomputers.
A variety of small canned computer programs for survey research and demographic analysis appropriate for use in developing countries are reviewed in this article. The programs discussed are SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences); CENTS, CO-CENTS, CENTS-AID, CENTS-AIE II; MINI-TAB EDIT, FREQUENCIES, TABLES, REGRESSION, CLIENT RECORD, DATES, MULT, LIFE, and PREGNANCY HISTORY; FIVFIV and SINSIN; DCL (Demographic Computer Library); MINI-TAB Population Projection, Functional Population Projection, and Family Planning Target Projection. A description and evaluation for each program of uses, instruction manuals, computer requirements, and procedures for obtaining manuals and programs are provided. Such information is intended to facilitate and encourage the use of the computer by data processors in developing countries.
We have developed a computer program for Wiener filtering of evoked potential data. The basic algorithm involves computation of the difference berween the power spectrum of the sweep sum and the sum of power spectra of individual sweeps. Power spectra are computed by means of the discrete Fourier transform. The program is now being run on a LSI-11 computer in a neurophysiology research laboratory to analyze somatic evoked potential data from monkeys.
A simple computer program for calculating schematic and reduced eyes is presented. The user supplies distances from the front of the eye and radii of curvature of refractive surfaces (anterior and posterior cornea and lens), distance to retina, and refractive indices of ocular media (cornea, aqueous, lens, vitreous). These values are input to calculate the necessary parameters for construction of a schematic and reduced eye, using Gaussian formulae and assuming a homogenous lens. The program produces powers of optical components and of the whole eye, cardinal points of the eye, and estimates of refractive state and retinal image size. These values may be printed in tabular form or plotted to scale with a graphics plotter. The program simplifies construction of schematic eyes by allowing rapid recalculation of the eye after changing one or more input parameters.
Pesticide residue analysis in food by means of gas chromatography with columns of different polarity and several selective detectors provides the analyst with a great number of chromatographic data. The introduction of personal computer based chromatographic data systems into research laboratories increased the efficiency of information management and organization; user designed software packages now have direct access to the stored data. The computer program CAPA (Computer Aided Pesticide Analysis) was developed for the interpretation and evaluation of chromatographic results. The program is written in TURBO PASCAL 3.0 and consists of several subprograms. In the main database all pesticides are filed in a multidimensional structure. The various subprograms have access to this catalog of retention and response data. Using the subprogram INTERPRET, which is the core of CAPA, the analyst is provided with all information necessary to interpret a gas chromatogram: identification of calibrated pesticides and estimation of their concentration. Automated screening analyses can be evaluated with the subprogram AUTOINTERPRET, an automated of INTERPRET that uses all relevant information stored in the data base. A report is produced containing the pesticides found in the sample and proposals how to confirm them best with the equipment and methods available. Finally the analyst has to make the decision about the probable presence and quantity of the indicated pesticides and to project the next confirmatory step by using INTERPRET.
Utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection and optimization of the mobile phase using factorial designs and a constructed computer program to predict chromatograms, it has been possible to obtain a satisfactory resolution of seventeen of the major monoamine neurotransmitters, precursors and metabolites. A rapid (less than 25 min) isocratic system for the simultaneous determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxytyramine, homovanillic acid, norepinephrine, normetanephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, epinephrine, metanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in addition to the internal standard isoproterenol is presented. The optimization strategy included selection of variables to optimize by a reduced factorial design a detailed study of these variables by a complete factorial design, theoretical predictions of chromatograms by a constructed computer program and test on the HPLC system. This optimization strategy can easily be applied to any problem of solute separation by liquid chromatography.