Storage of digital images.
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Diagnostic Imaging↗
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Results for “Computer Storage Devices”
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Optical technology: making the simulator portable.
Optical disc technology can be either analog or digital. Analog (videodiscs) simulation programs are available for the allied health professions educator to incorporate into the curriculum. Digital optical discs, currently available in three formats, follow standards that have been adopted by the International Standards Organization. The formats differ in the amount of information they can accommodate and their practical use in the health professions curriculum.
Computer Simulation↗
Guideline fourteen: guidelines for recording clinical EEG on digital media. American Electroencephalographic Society.
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Calibration↗
Fundamentals of image processing for personal computers.
Photographic images make an important contribution to medical education. Conventional means of display have included 35-mm projection, film, videotape, and more recently, analog videodiscs that accompany computer-based text. The availability of compact discs, with their enormous storage capacity, and of powerful central processing units now permits consideration of digital storage of visual images for display by the personal computer. The data processing required for the representation and transfer of high-quality images is forbidding, however, even with today's technology. The problem is compounded if one anticipates display of full-motion video. In this tutorial we first review the nature of analog signals and the process of capturing them in digital format. We then consider mass storage and the concept of compressing data into smaller amounts of information that can be processed and transferred by personal computers with the use of optical disc drives. A look into the future provides a vision of high-definition television-quality video in digital format.
Analog-Digital Conversion↗
A visual telemedicine system: the integration of ordinary TV and HDTV still image transmission.
This paper describes a project to develop and test a new telemedicine system using image transmission. The system was implemented at Aomori prefecture, the northernmost prefecture of Japan, to provide medical consultation to remote hospitals from a medical center located in Aomori city, capital of the prefecture. The characteristics of the system are the combination of an HDTV still image transmission system and an ordinary tele-conference system using 65 kilobit telephone line i.e., an ordinary telephone line available in almost any part of Japan. We also developed a disk storage system that stores transmitted images automatically without human intervention. The system was assessed in real clinical settings and has proved to be effective in various areas of medical consultation, including radiology, pathology, dermatology, etc. We hope that this system becomes a standard telemedicine system in the future.
Computer Peripherals↗
Microcomputer-based system for 24-hour recording of oesophageal motility and pH profile with automated analysis.
A system developed for long-term simultaneous recording of oesophageal motility and pH in the ambulant patient is described. The system consists of a microprocessor based data-acquisition and preprocessing device, a personal computer for postprocessing, report generation and data storage, a miniature two-sensor pressure catheter and a pH electrode. Identification and classification of oesophageal contractions are performed in separate steps, using online preprocessing software for identification and offline postprocessing software for categorisation, classification and report generation. Contractions are categorised as peristaltic, simultaneous or nontransmitte and classified according to their amplitude, duration and propagation velocity. The method described reduces the amount of data from 870 kbyte to approximately 40 kbyte per 24 hours in a multiparameter recording device, and offers the opportunity for offline postprocessing with different sets of criteria. The system has been found to be accurate and reliable in 24-hour studies in both healthy volunteers and patients with non-cardiac chest pain.
Adult↗
[The use of personal computers for the collection, storage and analysis of data from neurosurgical intensive care monitoring].
For data acquisition intensive care neurosurgery increasingly has recourse to modern electronics, which have become an integral part of many aspects of present-day neurosurgery. Despite their high technical standard, the devices in common use often lack flexibility. Their range of possible applications is defined by the manufacturer, and the user has little or no influence on them. Moreover, there are often no adequate interfaces to peripherals, and the storage capacity is limited. We would like to present a data acquisition system on a PC/AT basis, which operates up to 64 channels allowing parallel registration, storage, analysis, and of decisive importance, also various computations, i.e. correlation. Computation is rarely feasible on commercial devices, but it is essential for specific demands, such as implementation of PA/PM diagrams to determine intracranial compliance. In addition, the pertinent software permits implementation of Fourier analyses, offers separate statistical functions, and transfers data to other programs. The program is capable of automatic batch-processing, which greatly facilitates its use.
Computer Systems↗
Confocal fluorescence microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction.
Several recent technological advances have considerably improved the field of confocal fluorescence microscopy. Improvements in confocal microscope design, new fluorescent probes and indicators, more sensitive imaging devices, and computer advances which allow for data manipulation and storage provide a convenient method to acquire complex three-dimensional (3-D) architectural details which previously were difficult or impossible to obtain from biological specimens. Applications of the laser scanning and tandem scanning confocal microscopes offer the potential for gaining powerful insights into the complex relationship of cellular structure and function. Confocal microscopy generates optical sections free from out-of-focus blur. With the development of new visualization tools to render and display complex 3-D data, a set of optical sections taken at different focal planes can be three-dimensionally reconstructed to create an animated sequence which can reveal latent features of the specimen. The combination of confocal microscopy and 3-D reconstruction provides a powerful new imaging tool to advance knowledge about structural and functional cellular properties as they occur dynamically in three dimensions.
Animals↗
Direct measurement of sarcomere length from isolated cardiac cells.
Isolated cardiac muscle cells enzymatically digested with collagenase and hyaluronidase from whole rat myocardium demonstrate the characteristics of an intact membrane in that they tolerate millimolar concentrations of free Ca2+ and exhibit phasic contractions with electrical excitation. These isolated cells maintain their characteristic A-I band striation patterns when at rest or during contraction. An apparatus has been developed to directly image these cells with phase-contrast micrography onto a 1,728-element charge-coupled device photodiode array for rapid data storage in a digital computer. The digitized striation pattern profile was analyzed for individual and average sarcomere spacing. In isotonic media the average resting sarcomere length ranged from 1.77 to 1.91 micrometers in 13 cells, with a mean length of 1.83 +/- 0.12 micrometers. Electrically stimulated phasic contractions in three cells demonstrated a synchronous 20% decrease in sarcomere spacing to a mean of 1.51 micrometers. Striation spacing decreased under hypertonic stress but elongated only up to 1.93 micrometers in hypotonic solutions, suggesting that some internal elastic constraint exists that limits elongation of the cell.
Animals↗
Digital archive center: implementation for a radiology department.
OBJECTIVE: In this article, we describe the implementation of a digital archive center for a radiology department in a 700-bed teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The archive center consists of two identical archive systems, each comprising five components: an archive server, a data-base server, an optical disk library, a stand-alone optical disk drive, and a communication network. An image management system controls the image traffic from acquisition devices to display stations. A fault-tolerant mechanism was built into the archive center to achieve a 100% uptime. RESULTS: The center has been in operation for over 6 months. We have not experienced a single total system failure during this period. It currently archives all digital images from three MR units and four CT scanners and selected images from three computed radiographic systems and two laser film digitizers. The center archives between 1.5 and 2.0 gigabytes of images per workday. CONCLUSION: With its built-in fault-tolerant mechanism, we believe that the implemented archive center is very reliable and is suitable for a radiology department to archive its digital images.
Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗
A hardware device for recognition of P and QRS waves.
A new hardware device has been constructed to detect QRS and P complexes for the purpose of automatic arrhythmia interpretation. This apparatus can operate in noisy conditions and provide synchronized pulses representative of P complex, QRS complex, wide QRS, and premature QRS to different output channels. P wave identification is achieved with a high degree of reliability through a specially designed bipolar electrode catheter. The device could minimize demands on central processor time and core storage computer.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Computer-aided communication device for a child with cerebral palsy.
This paper describes a portable computer-aided communication device designed for a 13-year-old child with athetoid cerebral palsy. The device was intended to provide vocal output, hard-copy, correctable display, word storage capabilities, and utilize currently available technology. The design incorporated the Epson HX-20 computer, the Votrax Type 'N Talk speech synthesizer, and a customized laptray.
Adolescent↗
A critical investigation of the measurement of the force required to dilate the human uterine cervix.
A system for objectively analysing the forces of dilation of the human uterine cervix was devised using a force sensing device linked to a BBC microcomputer. The computer program allowed easy recording, storage and analysis of force/time curves obtained from the passage of tapered dilators through the cervix. A new design of dilator gave a smoother force/time curve. These force/time curves were analysed. Six indices: peak force, end force, area to peak, area to end the ratio of the peak and end forces recorded from the passage of the two largest and two smallest dilators, were compared. Area measurement was subject to artefact and rejected. Peak and end force measurements gave the best separation between parous and nulliparous patients. The peak force was judged to be the better as it was found to be easier to define than end force.
Biophysical Phenomena↗
IS & C system and file protection mechanism.
This paper reports a new extension of IS & C (Image Save And Carry) project. Because IS & C is an off-line system and requires full compatibility so as to enable medical data interchange with ease among hospitals and clinics, specifications that are indispensable for compatibility have been standardized by the IS & C committee. The IS & C system is supposed to be used in medicine, so the file protection mechanism for the security of the recorded files has been also developed. The characteristics of IS & C volume and file structure and the second national project being carried out in National Cancer Center Hospital are briefly explained as well.
Computer Communication Networks↗
An introduction to fractal imaging technology.
In this article the author explains the basic theory and practical applications of the latest advancement in imaging technology called fractal imaging. Fractal imaging is a unique way of compressing and storing images which has unlocked the door to the restrictions imposed by conventional imaging technology as regards storage and transmission of high quality images. The article outlines how this technology has been successfully applied by the creation of the first and only fractal photographic archival and retrieval system in Scotland, in the form of the George Washington Wilson collection comprising 44,000 images and associated text in only 450 megabytes (Mb) of disc space.
Fractals↗
Uses and limitations of microcomputers for epidemiological research in occupational health.
The rapid improvements in microcomputer systems have contributed to ease of performance of epidemiological research in occupational health. Computers now available can aid in all stages of research- from the early stages of literature review to data collection, analysis and presentation. Optical storage devices now allow large occupational health data bases to be stored on a single compact disc, with the information accessible by microcomputer. Hand-held computers and optical scanners allow paperless collection of field data. Epidemiological analysis and data presentation is easily done with software packages, some of which are in the public domain. However, there are limitations in the use of computers for any epidemiological research. Investment of time is required to learn the use of a computer. Care needs to be taken to ensure accurate data entry, and correct choice has to be made of methods for subsequent statistical analysis. Microcomputers are valuable as labour saving devices, but cannot replace proper planning, execution and appropriate data analysis in epidemiological research in occupational health.
Health Services Research↗
Present status and performance of PACS at Kyoto University Hospital.
A pilot PACS project, named KIDS, has been running in Kyoto University Hospital. The purpose of the system is to establish a small PACS that includes all digital imaging modalities and to evaluate it. The project has been continued from the first phase (KIDS-1) to the second phase (KIDS-2). In the first phase, a small-scale PACS was developed. In the second phase, the expansion of coverage of modalities and completion of the image database was intended. At present, the database contains image data of 16264 patients amounting to 150 Gbytes. Simulation of the retrieval process to the database shows that 154.3 s per patient is required for retrieving his/her entire image data. This calculated value is close to the actual time.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Mass random storage devices and their application to a Medical Information System (MIS).
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California↗