Sexual behavior and contraceptive practice at Oxford and Aberdeen Universities.
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Adult↗
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Results for “Contraception Behavior”
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Religiosity, sexual behavior, and contraceptive use of college females.
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Adult↗
Selected aspects of adolescent postpartum behavior.
Contraceptive, educational, and vocational behavior patterns of postpartum adolescents were examined. Eight months after delivery 269 teenage girls who participated in a comprehensive antepartum psycho-social program were mailed follow-up questionnaires. Eighty-three percent of teenage mothers who responded reported using birth control pills as a form of contraception. We found that single girls were more actively involved in vocational and educational training. This and other observations indicate that marital status of teenage participants is important to their postpartum actions.
Adolescent↗
Sexual behavior and contraceptive knowledge and use among adolescents in developing countries.
This article offers an overview of sexual behavior and contraceptive knowledge and use among adolescent women across a large number of developing countries. The results demonstrate that almost universally in sub-Saharan Africa and in the majority of countries in other regions, the gap between age at first sexual intercourse and age at first marriage has increased across age cohorts. The predominant pattern is one in which both age at marriage and age at first intercourse have risen, but the increase in age at marriage is greater, resulting in a widening gap. In most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, current contraceptive use is higher among sexually active, unmarried teens than it is among married teens, whereas in Latin America and the Caribbean, current-use levels are higher among married teens. The results also show that adolescents are unlikely to use a contraceptive the first time they have sex and are more likely than older women to experience a contraceptive failure.
Adolescent↗
[Effect of competitive sports on the menstrual cycle and sexuality--results of a survey of the West German team for the Olympic games in Los Angeles].
The present investigation attempts to analyse exact data on the menstruation cycle, contraception and the sexual behavior of competitive sportswomen. Since the West German participants at the Olympic Games of 1984 in Los Angeles were chosen for this investigation, the patients are unquestionably highly selected. For this reason, the results cannot claim to be representative in all respects. The objective of this study was primarily to register and to analyse the gynecological aspects of women's competitive sport, to reveal interrelationships and if appropriate to point out disadvantageous tendencies. The Olympics participants were subdivided into five different groups on the basis of the type of sport: I. take-off power/speed II. anaerobic endurance III. aerobic endurance IV. technique/dexterity V. team games. A control group was formed of middle-distance and long-distance runners. The data were analysed with regard to competitive sport and age, number of days of training and training minutes per week, menarche, duration and length as well as intensity of menstrual bleeding, menstruation symptoms, influence of menstrual bleeding on sport performance, dependence of peak performance on the menstruation cycle, sexual behavior, contraception behavior.
Adult↗
[Sexual behavior and contraceptive practices among university students].
The aim of this work was to study the knowledge, opinions and sexual behaviour of a sample of 464 students from the Universidad Austral de Chile. Results show that 78% of male and 41% of female students have had a sexual intercourse and that 78% of males and 72% of females with an active sexual life use contraceptive methods. The principal reasons to avoid the use of these methods are the irregularity of sexual intercourse and the reduction in pleasure. Most students think that these methods are harmful for their health but they should be used. The use of contraceptive methods increase with the frequency of sexual relations and university experience, but first year students use them more frequently than second year students. Most students know several contraceptive methods, but their knowledge about mechanisms of action is inadequate or distorted. Likewise, more than 50% think that it is possible to prevent pregnancy after a sexual intercourse. It is concluded that most sexually active students use contraceptive methods, but inappropriately. Stereotypes, myths and lack of information are influencing their sexual and contraceptive practices, showing incoherence between their knowledge and behavior. A possible explanation could be a scarce influence of high school and religion on their sexual formation.
Adolescent↗
The association between smoking and sexual behavior among teens in US contraceptive clinics.
A study of teenage women in 32 contraceptive clinics in the United States shows a strong negative relationship between age of first intercourse and the level of cigarette smoking; the association is strong enough to reverse the usual correlation of smoking and age during the teenage years. Preventive, timely contraceptive behavior is also negatively associated to smoking. These findings suggest that interventions could well be designed and located in settings which take this association into account.
Adolescent↗
Determinants of contraceptive switching behavior in rural Sri Lanka.
This study examines the influence of a selected set of determinants of contraceptive method switching in rural Sri Lanka. Of interest is the question of how change in contraceptive practice at the individual level can account for patterns observed at the aggregate level. Based on calendar data on contraceptive use over a 3-year period, collected for more than 3,000 married women in a 1986 survey, the multivariate analysis shows that women who attain all or a significant proportion of their desired fertility tend to switch to more effective methods. Women who experience method failure tend to switch methods, usually to a type that is more effective. The woman's background determinants of age and education have small but significant effects on method switching, whereas the effect of household economic well-being is not significant. There is strong indication that rural couples are practicing contraception in a nonrandom fashion, switching methods in accordance with changes in their fertility motivations and contraceptive experience.
Choice Behavior↗
Abortion: predicting the complexity of the decision-making process.
This study sought to test a conflict theory model of decision-making in abortion. Complex, or conflicted, abortion decisions were defined as those occurring when the woman had desired pregnancy, when the abortion alternative was considered later, and when the decision process was lengthier and subjectively more difficult. Sets of personal and social variables, identified from previous research, were expected to require a more complex decision process. A second objective was to determine whether these variables would also predict previous contraceptive behavior. A large sample of abortion patients completed a survey of attitudes and behaviors related to the abortion decision and contraceptive usage. Results indicated that strong involvement with one's sexual partner tended to encourage contraception but complicated the abortion decision. Strong work commitment likewise encouraged contraception but appeared to simplify the abortion decision. While concern for personal health was significantly associated with contraceptive behavior, it was not related to the decision process in abortion. Interpretation suggested that prevention of unwanted pregnancy and the abortion decision are independent processes, both of which are affected by love and work but in opposite directions.
Abortion Applicants↗
A study of the cognitive aspects of sexual decision making in adolescent females.
A comprehensive sexuality questionnaire was administered to 37 females, ages 13 through 16 years, who attended clinics for routine health care. Subjects completed standardized scales of self-concept, locus of control, and future orientation. They also were given a short battery of standardized cognitive tests. Three groups were identified: Group 1 was sexually active and using contraception reliably, Group 2 was not using contraception reliably, and Group 3 had not been sexually active. Group 1 adolescents had higher scores on the vocabulary subtest of the WISC-R (F = 3.4, p less than .05) than did Group 2 adolescents, over and above the effect of socioeconomic status (SES). Group 1 subjects had higher scores on knowledge of sex and contraception than did Group 2 (F = 3.3, p less than .05). Group 1 had more internal locus of control (F = 7.0, p less than .005) than did Group 2 over and above the effect of SES. Mean scores for Group 3 adolescents were intermediate and not significantly different. The findings suggest that cognitive factors may influence contraceptive behavior in adolescent females.
Adolescent↗
Family planning needs of female chronic psychiatric outpatients.
The authors investigated the pregnancy outcomes, contraceptive behavior, and contraceptive needs of 80 female chronic psychiatric outpatients. Thirty-one percent of the patients reported they had had induced abortions. Of 75 children born, 60% were being reared by people other than the mothers. Thirty-three percent of the patients who had had intercourse during the preceding year and had not wanted to become pregnant reported not having used contraception at the time of last intercourse. The authors discuss the special contraceptive needs of chronic psychiatric patients and encourage psychiatrists to inquire about patients' family planning practices.
Abortion, Induced↗
Contraceptive use. A comparison between ever- and never-pregnant adolescents.
There is controversy about how the experience of a teenage pregnancy affects the contraceptive behavior of adolescent women. Data from 425 sexually active, unmarried teenage women who had access to contraception were used to address this issue. Chi-square tests suggest that ever-pregnant teens are significantly less likely to have used contraception at last intercourse than never-pregnant teens. This finding persists when comparing never-pregnant teens to subgroups of ever-pregnant adolescents whose contraceptive behavior was expected to have been affected positively by their pregnancy. Logistic regression results show a significant pregnancy-history effect after controlling for other important predictors of teenage contraceptive behavior. Additional analysis suggests that the negative effect of pregnancy history may occur because ever-pregnant teens hold more positive attitudes about pregnancy than their never-pregnant peers.
Adolescent↗
Social anxiety, sexual behavior, and contraceptive use.
Two hundred and sixty college students completed a questionnaire that provided information regarding their sexual experience, knowledge, and attitudes; their self-evaluations on dimensions related to sexuality; and their level of heterosocial anxiety (anxiety experienced in social interactions with members of the other sex). Compared with subjects low in heterosocial anxiety, highly anxious respondents were less sexually experienced, engaged in sexual activity less frequently, had fewer sexual partners, were less likely to have engaged in oral sex, expressed a higher degree of apprehension about sex, and had a somewhat higher incidence of sexual dysfunctions. In addition, low socially anxious women tended to use the pill, whereas highly anxious women preferred the condom. High and low heterosocially anxious respondents also differed on self-ratings related to their sexuality but did not differ in their attitudes or knowledge regarding sex. The results are discussed in terms of the cognitive, behavioral, and affective concomitants of social anxiety.
Adolescent↗
Why do Chinese women practice contraception? The case of rural Jilin Province.
This study focuses on the relationship between contraceptive behavior, family size preferences, and perceptions of the one-child policy among young Chinese women in rural areas of Jilin Province. In 1985, about 85 percent of rural married women with one surviving child were practicing contraception, although most of them reported two as their ideal number of children. Most women with one surviving child, including those with one-child certificates, were practicing contraception in response to the government campaign, while more than half of women with two or more children were doing so voluntarily. Most of the women with one child were using the IUD, whereas more than half of women with two or more children were sterilized. Through multivariate analysis of contraceptive behavior and method choice, additional factors were found to be associated with the contraceptive behavior of rural Jilin women; achievement of their ideal family size was a significant factor in the voluntary practice of contraception as well as in contraceptive method choice. Implications of the results are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Sexual behavior and contraceptive risk taking among sexually active adolescent females.
Drawing on DeLamater's conceptual model of premarital contraceptive activity, this study assessed the relationships between various social, developmental, and behavioral variables and contraceptive risk taking by sexually active adolescent females. The hypotheses were tested on a national random sample of unmarried sexually active adolescent females (n = 1512) ages 15-20 years from Cycle III of the National Survey of Family Growth. The number of years the subjects had been sexually active was the strongest predictor of their frequency of sexual intercourse, followed by their frequency of attendance at religious services. The inverse relationship between religious attendance and coital frequency was much stronger among whites than blacks. When the influence of these variables on contraceptive risk taking was assessed, coital frequency explained 7.2% of the variation in contraceptive risk taking, with the number of years the adolescent had been dating explaining a small amount of additional variation. Our data support not only the first stage of DeLamater's conceptual model of premarital contraceptive activity, but also aspects of Jessor's more general theory of adolescent risk taking and problem behavior.
Adolescent↗
Alcohol consumption, female sexual behavior and contraceptive use.
To examine the effects of alcohol consumption on female sexuality and contraceptive use, 69 sexually active women between the ages of 18 and 34 completed daily logs of their drinking behavior, sexual activity and contraceptive use over three consecutive menstrual cycles. In addition, participants completed a post-study questionnaire that assessed personal beliefs regarding alcohol use and sexual behavior. Although the results from the daily logs failed to show any significant effects of alcohol on subsequent sexual arousal, sexual pleasure or orgasm, female-initiated sexual activity appeared to be inversely related to alcohol use with women initiating significantly fewer sexual activities following the consumption of alcohol. On the contrary, the retrospective questionnaire data indicated that women believed alcohol enhanced sexual desire, enjoyment and activity. The findings further indicated that alcohol consumption immediately prior to sexual intercourse did not significantly alter the use of coitus-dependent contraceptives. These data suggest that women view alcohol as an aphrodisiac despite their physiological and reported behavioral responses.
Adolescent↗
African-American adolescents' knowledge, health-related attitudes, sexual behavior, and contraceptive decisions: implications for the prevention of adolescent HIV infection.
African-American adolescents (N = 195) completed measures of knowledge related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), attitudes toward condoms, health locus of control, vulnerability to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, peer sexual norms, personal sexual behavior for the past 6 months, and contraceptive preferences. Hotelling's T2 tests revealed that girls were more knowledgeable about AIDS, reported fewer sexual partners, held more positive attitudes toward precautionary sexual behavior, and perceived themselves to have greater self-control than boys. Five variables accounted for 44% of the variance in condom use: condom use from the 1st intercourse occasion, earlier grade in school, lower belief in an external locus of control, and higher scores on the Effect on Sexual Experience and Self-Control subscales of the Condom Attitude Scale. Implications for the content, format, and timing of HIV prevention with African-American adolescents are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Effects of reviewing risk-relevant behavior on perceived vulnerability among women marines.
People generally underestimate their own vulnerability to negative events such as illness or accidents. It has been suggested that this illusion of "unique invulnerability" is due to selective focus on one's own risk-reducing behaviors, to the exclusion of others' risk-reducing behaviors and one's own risk-increasing behaviors. The current study examined the effects of reviewing sexual and contraceptive behavior on perceived vulnerability to unplanned pregnancy. Our results indicated that review of pregnancy-related behaviors decreased perceived vulnerability among two groups of subjects: those who considered unplanned pregnancy to be most undesirable and those who had the most confidence in the efficacy of their contraceptive behavior. The data also support the hypothesis that selective focus is a source of the illusion of invulnerability.
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