PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Contraceptive Methods--side effects”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Serum bile acids in women taking combination contraceptives.

A longitudinal study in 60 women was undertaken to observe the changes, if any, in serum bile acids after taking oral combination pills containing either 50 or 30 microgram of ethinyl estradiol. The women were followed up to 12 months. Serum bile acids (cholyglycine conjugates) were estimated by radioimmunoassay. The combination contraceptives had no appreciable effect on serum bile acids.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Primary malignant tumour of the liver associated with the ingestion of oral contraceptives (author's transl)].

A 42-year-old woman, who had been taking oral contraceptives for 10 years, developed a primary carcinoma of the liver. The diagnosis was made by biopsy under laparoscopic control. Twenty one cases have already been reported in the literature. The aetiological role of contraceptives in the development of generally benign (approximately 200 published cases) and sometime malignant hepatic lesions, has not been definitely proven. The regression of certain benign tumours when contraceptives are stopped is the essential argument. In some patients, the association of benign lesions and of hepatic carcinoma suggests a single pathogenesis. The early recognition of such lesions justifies their being sought routinely in patients taking oral contraceptives (palpation of the liver, questioning concerning pain in the hepatic region). A national register will be required in order to determine their exact prevalence.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Etiology, clinical features and prognosis in secondary amenorrhea.

A clinical investigation of 356 patients with secondary amenorrhea revealed that 95% of patients with postpill amenorrhea and 56% of patients with anorexia nervosa recovered in 6 years. The corresponding recovery rates for patients with psychogenic amenorrhea and amenorrhea following self-induced weight loss were 72% for both groups, and in patients with the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome and idiophatic functional amenorrhea the recovery rates at 6 years were 64 and 61% respectively. Unlike the other groups with functional amenorrhea, patients with the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome had impaired ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropins. Bromocriptine treatment resulted in disappearance of the galactorrhea and restoration of the menses and/or ovulation in nine of 18 patients; of these three became pregnant. The effect of bromocriptine did not persist for long after treatment ceased, and permanent recovery was recorded only in four patients. The group with functional amenorrhea included 34 patients who wished to become pregnant. Gonadotropin treatment was successful in 20 patients, clomiphene-hCG in two, tamoxifen in two, bromocriptine in two, and combined bromocriptine and clomiphene in one. Thus, the overall pregnancy rate in patients with functional amenorrhea was 79%. The groups with ovarian amenorrhea inclutients with assumed ovarian failure responded to large doses of exogenous gonadotropins by ovulation and three became pregnant. Ovarian wedge resection was ineffective in all five cases with polycystic ovaries, but two patients became pregnant after treatment with clomiphene and chorionic gonadotropin, and one with exogenous gonadotropins.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1976

Benign hepatic tumors and oral contraceptive pills.

In order to consider possible environmental factors related to the development of benign hepatic tumors, all reports of this disorder in the case records of five different hospitals in Rochester, New York, during the past 10 years were reviewed. Seven patients with benign hepatic tumors of the liver and two with peliosis hepatis were identified. Among the seven with a benign hepatic tumor, four were women currently receiving oral contraceptives; one had been receiving this medication in the past, and two had no history of exposure to any steroid whatsoever. The two patients with peliosis hepatis were receiving long-term androgenic anabolic steroids. Dilated, thin-walled vessels and vascular spaces were a more prominent feature of the tumor seen in four patients receiving oral contraceptive pills. It is emphasized in this report that benign hepatic tumors do occur in men and in patients with cirrhotic liver without the use of any kind of steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of oral contraceptives on plasma androgenic steroids and their precursors.

Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate ester (DHEAS), and androstenedione (A2), delta5-pregnenolone (delta5-P), and 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone were measured in women using estrogen-containing oral contraceptives and in female controls of similar age. All three androgenic steroids and their two C21 precursors were reduced in the oral contraceptive users compared with the controls. It is concluded that oral contraceptives cause a decrease in plasma DHEA, DHEAS, and A2, one possible mechanism for which is the inhibition of delta5-P synthesis from cholesterol.

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone↗
PubMed1977

Effect of progestins on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Gestamimetic amounts of progesterone enhance basal and glucose-stimulated insulin production. Contraceptive doses of synthetic progestins cause a moderate increase or no change in glucose-stimulated insulin production, depending on route of administration and species tested. Estrogens potentiate the insulinotropic effects of progesterone and the synthetic progestins. Basal serum triglyceride concentrations are generally unaffected by progesterone or 17 alpha-acetoxyprogesterone treatment but may decrease during 19-nortestosterone administration. Glucose tolerance does not change during treatment with gestamimetic doses of progesterone alone but may improve in rats and monkeys during concurrent estrogen administration. By contrast, deterioration of glucose tolerance is observed in women treated concurrently with synthetic estrogen plus 19-nortestosterone derivatives and, occasionally, with 19-nortestosterone derivatives alone. No consistent changes in glucose metabolism have been observed after treatment with 17 alpha-acetoxyprogesterone derivatives alone. The cause of the species-related differences in glucose metabolism during 19-nortestosterone treatment is obscure.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Endometrial cytology and copper containing intrauterine devices].

Copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUDs) for contraception are increasingly used within recent years. IUDs in situ provoke a non-specific inflammatory cell reaction, particularly at the glandular epithelium of the endometrium. The cellular changes include swelling of the cytoplasm and of the nuclei, the latter showing chromatin clumping, prominent nuclei and a pseudoeosinophilic reaction. Cytoplasmic changes exhibit vacuolation, incorporation of leukocytes and plasmolysis varying in degree. The local inflammation also accounts for the side effects associated with the device, such as uterine bleeding and endometritis. Cytomorphologically, the differentiation between cellular inflammation through IUDs and inflammatory metaplasia is difficult, particularly if the investigator has no information about the presence of an IUD. Intrauterine application of proteinase inhibitors can be helpful in differential diagnosis of such IUD-mediated cellular changes.

Aprotinin↗