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Results for “Cyclopentolate”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Paediatric cycloplegia: a new approach.

BACKGROUND: Cycloplegia is a traumatic experience for most children, as guttae cyclopentolate stings on instillation into the conjunctival sac. This may result in inadequate cycloplegia, difficulty in further examination and a child who is scared of both the doctor and the ophthalmology department. Guttae proxymetacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (Ophthaine, Proparacaine) is a topical local anaesthetic that does not sting on instillation. METHODS: Eighty-eight consecutive children in the paediatric clinic were assessed. The response of the patient to previous use of cyclopentolate alone was assessed by the parents of the child using a grading scheme. The use of proxymetacaine prior to instillation of cyclopentolate was then assessed using the same grading system. RESULTS: Seventy per cent of the children who received cyclopentolate alone were assessed to have cried and been unhappy. Ninety-one per cent of the children who received cyclopentolate after proxymetacaine were assessed to have shown no adverse reaction to the cycloplegia and remained happy. CONCLUSION: This study shows that use of proxymetacaine prior to cyclopentolate results in atraumatic cycloplegia in children. This can confer multiple benefits on the doctor-patient relationship.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of mydriatics on intraocular pressure and pupil size in the normal feline eye.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of various mydriatics (1% atropine, 1% cyclopentolate, 0.5% tropicamide, 10% phenylephrine) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size (PS) in normal cats. ANIMALS STUDIED: The mydriatics were tested in 10 adult ophthalmoscopically normal European Domestic Short-haired cats. Procedure Single-dose drug studies were divided into placebo (vehicle of phenylephrine), 10% phenylephrine, 0.5% tropicamide, 1% cyclopentolate and 1% atropine. After measurement of IOP and pupil size (PS) at 8 a.m. on the first day, one drop of the tested drug was applied to one randomly selected eye. The IOP and PS were measured for a minimum of 36 h until the pupil returned to pretest size. RESULTS: Ten per cent phenylephrine had no significant effect on IOP, and the effect on the pupil size was minimal (<or= 1 mm difference). One per cent atropine showed a maximal mean difference of 4.3 mmHg +/- 4.1 mmHg in IOP compared to the untreated eye. These differences were statistically significant at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 16 h post-treatment. At 1, 1.5 and 2 h after unilateral application of 1% cyclopentolate, the IOP in the treated eye was significantly higher than the IOP in the untreated eye with a maximal mean difference of 4.1 mmHg +/- 4.5 mmHg. With 0.5% tropicamide, IOP of the treated eye was significantly higher than IOP of the untreated eye at 1 and 1.5 h after treatment with a maximal mean difference of 3.5 mmHg +/- 3.3 mmHg. One per cent atropine caused the greatest increase in IOP, followed by 1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide. The dilating effect of atropine, cyclopentolate and tropicamide lasted longer than the effect on intraocular pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The parasympatholytics 1% atropine, 1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide caused a statistically significant elevation of IOP and produced mydriasis in the treated eye in normal cats, while the sympathomimetic 10% phenylephrine had no significant effect on IOP or pupil size.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the rat eye: effects of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents.

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years the rat has gained prominence as an animal model for the study of glaucoma. However, no systematic study of the angle structures and the effects of medications on angle anatomy in the rat has been reported to date. We investigated the normal rat anterior segment anatomy in vivo using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and determined the effect of both cholinergic and anticholinergic medications on angle structures. METHODS: Fourteen eyes of seven 2-month-old female Wistar rats were imaged using an ultrasound biomicroscope and a modified eyecup. Baseline measurements of the anterior chamber depth (ACD), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), iris thickness at the thickest point near the pupillary margin (IT), angle-opening distance (AOD) (distance between the posterior corneal surface and anterior iris surface measured at 200 microm from the scleral spur), corneal thickness (CT) and irido-zonular distance (IZD) were obtained. Imaging was repeated 30 min after instillation of one drop of cyclopentolate 1% and 48 h later 30 min after pilocarpine 1% instillation. The same measurements were obtained and compared to baseline values. RESULTS: Baseline values for all parameters recorded were not significantly different among contralateral eyes. After instillation of either pilocarpine or cyclopentolate, ACD was the only parameter that did not change significantly from baseline. In contrast, TIA, AOD, IZD, and IT were significantly different among the three groups. Post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni test) revealed differences among all three groups of eyes for TIA and AOD. A difference was also found between the pilocarpine-treated group and the other two groups for IZD and IT. A very small difference detected between the pilocarpine-treated group and the baseline measurements for CT was caused by the zero variance of measurements in the former group. Although both pilocarpine and cyclopentolate induced angle narrowing, inspection of the ultrasonic images revealed a differential effect. Pilocarpine caused a "pupillary block-like" picture, while cyclopentolate caused crowding of the iris base in the angle. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline characteristics of the normal rat anterior chamber anatomy were established. Both cyclopentolate and pilocarpine cause angle narrowing in the rat eye, by different mechanisms.

Animals↗