SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[Pneumonitis in a patient who inhaled a fibrinolysin-deoxyribonuclease mixture].

A 56-year-old man was transferred to our department from the department of oral surgery, with a high fever and a cough. He had inhaled a fibrinolysin-deoxyribonuclease mixture (Elase) to treat inflammation in the oral cavity after resection of an oral tumor. A chest X-ray film showed diffuse patchy shadows in both lung fields. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had an abnormally high number of lymphocytes and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed interstitial infiltration by lymphocytes and histiocytes, with granulomatous lesions. The patient was treated with steroids, and his clinical condition improved markedly. He accidentally inhaled the drug again, and the coughing and fever began again. The drug lymphocyte stimulation test was positive only for the fibrinolysin-deoxyribonuclease mixture. Based on these findings, we diagnosed pneumonitis induced by this fibrinolysin-deoxyribonuclease mixture. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pneumonitis caused by this fibrinolysin-doxyribonuclease mixture.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1995

Outer membrane-associated deoxyribonuclease activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Extracellular outer membrane vesicles which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria may enclose deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). While characterizing vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis, it was found that they do not contain detectable amount of DNA. It was also shown that the presence of deoxyribonuclease activity on whole cells and vesicles can degrade plasmidic and linear DNA. Deoxyribonuclease activity was also demonstrated in several other Gram-negative oral bacterial species. The nuclease activity of P. gingivalis was further characterized. When deoxyribonuclease activity was analyzed by zymography, only one active band was detected under the conditions tested. This nuclease enzyme showed a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa. The activity was inhibited by 5 mM ZnCl2 or 100 mM EDTA whereas Mg2+ or Ca2+ ions were not required for activity. Activity was totally destroyed by treatment at 70 degrees C for 15 min. Although the enzyme may participate in virulence or provide nucleic acid precursors for bacterial growth, its exact role is still unknown.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1996

Effect of Ribonuclease A and Deoxyribonuclease I on Immunostaining of Ki-67 in Cultured Melanoma Cells.

Immunostaining of the cell cycle-associated Ki-67 antigen was studied, using the Ki-67-specific MIB-1 monoclonal antibody on slides prepared by cytocentrifugation of cultured A375 melanoma cells. Immunomorphological analysis of the Ki-67 immunostaining pattern of both nuclear and nucleolar locations was carried out following pre-treatment of the slides including ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease pre-digestion of the cells. Immunostaining of nucleolar Ki-67 was reduced by ribonuclease pre-digestion, but was not altered by deoxyribonuclease pre-treatment. Ribonuclease did not reduce the staining intensity of Ki-67 in the nuclear matrix, but the intensity decreased after deoxyribonuclease pre-digestion. We suggest that the Ki-67 molecule may play an important role in ensuring contact between nuclear DNA and nucleolar RNA during transcriptional processes in cell proliferation.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Human deoxyribonucleases.

Although mammalian deoxyribonucleases were discovered more than 60 years ago, interest in these enzymes is not weakening. During the last decade, intensive studies of human DNases culminated in discovery of several novel enzymes exhibiting DNase activity. These include an unusual DNase, lactoferrin. For some enzymes, their three-dimensional structure and molecular mechanisms underlying their functioning have been elucidated. In patients with some autoimmune and viral diseases, catalytic antibodies also contribute to alternative pathways of DNA hydrolysis. Some enzymes exhibiting DNase activity play an important role in pathogenesis of various diseases and also in programmed cell death (apoptosis). This review highlights recent achievement in human deoxyribonuclease research. It also considers mechanisms of DNA hydrolysis. The review also summarizes modern data on the biological role of these enzymes in functioning of the human organism, realization of its protective mechanisms, and possible applications of DNases in medicine.

Deoxyribonuclease I↗

PubMed1982

Active genes are sensitive to deoxyribonuclease I during metaphase.

The active exogenous murine leukemia virus sequences of mouse cells growing in culture are preferentially digested by deoxyribonuclease I in metaphase chromosomes. As determined by nuclear nick translation, all of the gene sequences of these cells active during interphase are in a deoxyribonuclease I-sensitive conformation during metaphase. This method of nick translation can therefore be used to label chromosomes in situ in order to visualize the active regions of the genome.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Isolation of a novel deoxyribonuclease with antifungal activity from Asparagus officinalis seeds.

A deoxyribonuclease distinct from the previously isolated asparagus ribosome-inactivating proteins, possessing a molecular weight of 30 kDa and requiring a pH of 7.5 for optimum hydrolytic activity toward herring sperm DNA, was isolated from Asparagus officinalis seeds. The isolation procedure involved extraction with saline, (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sepharose, and FPLC gel filtration on Superdex 75. The doxyribonuclease was unadsorbed onto DEAE-cellulose and Affi-gel blue gel and adsorbed onto CM-Sepharose. It exhibited the novel N-terminal sequence, GIEVIKIREL. The deoxyribonuclease was purified to a specific activity of 1584 units/mg. It was devoid of ribonuclease, protease, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-inhibitory activities. However, it inhibited cell-free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC(50) of 20 microM. It exhibited antifungal activity toward Botrytis cinerea but not toward Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella arachidicola.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1976

Resistance of alkylated DNA to degradation by deoxyribonuclease II at neutral and acid pH.

Methylation of a calf thymus DNA substrate by dimethyl sulphate (DMS) leads to an inhibition of deoxyribonuclease II activity which is gradually lost with time. The extent of this initial inhibition is linearly related to the amount of methylated products in DNA and quantitatively similar effects were found when the enzyme was used under either acid or neutral conditions. Deoxyribonuclease II was shown to produce 3'-phosphate termini under both acid and neutral conditions and thus, irrespective of the ionic conditions for the action of this enzyme in vivo the effects demonstrated here are of potential significance. Local denaturation of the methylated DNA may be partly responsible for these inhibitory effects but it is likely that the methyl purines also play a more direct role.

Alkylation↗

PubMed1987

Effects of neonatal estrogen on hypothalamic deoxyribonucleases and DNA in the female rat.

Administration of a pharmacologic dose of 17 beta-estradiol benzoate to neonatal female rats during the sexually critical period of brain differentiation affected neither the activities nor developmental patterns of hypothalamic acid and alkaline deoxyribonucleases through 35 days of age. However, hypothalamic DNA content was significantly decreased in the treated rats at age 2 days. These data suggest that the transient steroid-induced decrease in DNA is neither mediated by acid nor alkaline deoxyribonucleases.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Changes in DNA, RNA and protein and the activities of acid and alkaline deoxyribonucleases in grey and white matter regions of developing and aging rat cerebrum.

The contents of DNA, RNA and protein and the activities of acid and alkaline deoxyribonucleases in white and grey matter regions of cerebrum at different stages of the life span of rat were studied. The region of white matter, as opposed to grey, exhibited continued growth throughout the period studied (from 1 to 750 days of age). By various biochemical parameters such as DNA, RNA and protein content and the ratio of protein to DNA, it could clearly be seen that between the ages of 225 and 750 days there was a second bout of DNA accumulation in the regions examined. The putative DNA degrading enzymes, acid and alkaline deoxyribonucleases, show a positive correlation with the rapid DNA accretion noticed during developmental stages and again during old age between 225 and 750 days. From these results it is presumed that these enzymes, although degradative in nature, must be playing some important role in the synthesis of DNA itself.

Aging↗

PubMed1982

Nuclear deoxyribonuclease activities in human lymphoblastoid and mouse melanoma cells. A comparative study.

Deoxyribonuclease activities were examined in isoelectric focusing fractions of non-histone, chromatin-associated and nucleoplasmic proteins of isolated normal human lymphoblastoid and mouse melanoma cell nuclei using parallel procedures. A very similar series of eight DNA endonucleases, each active on calf thymus DNA and containing no exonuclease activity, were found in the chromatin proteins of both cell lines. Several differences were observed: an activity in human cells at pI 6.6 was absent from murine cells, and there was an increased activity in mouse cells at pI 4.4 and a decreased activity at pI 7.3, as compared with corresponding human cell activities. Assay of these fractions against supercoiled, circular phage PM2 DNA showed greater activity among the fractions with acidic pI valves and slightly lower activities in the murine cells than in the human cells. Analysis of the nucleoplasmic fractions showed a series of DNA endonuclease and exonuclease activities which were again very similar between the two cell lines, although greater endonuclease activity at pI 4.4 occurred in mouse than in human nucleoplasm. These results demonstrate an entire series of deoxyribonuclease activities in both chromatin and nucleoplasm which are nearly identical in two very different mammalian cell lines, suggesting that many of these enzymes are ubiquitous in mammalian cell nuclei.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Aerosol delivery and safety of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in young children with cystic fibrosis: a bronchoscopic study. Pulmozyme Pediatric Broncoscopy Study Group.

The purpose of this study was to assess the delivery to the lungs and the short-term safety of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase, Pulmozyme) in children with cystic fibrosis younger than 5 years of age compared with older children. Patients between the ages of 3 months and 10 years had bronchoscopic examination with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) after administration of an aerosol dose of 2.5 mg of rhDNase. After recovery from the procedure, patients were discharged home for an additional 13 days of rhDNase therapy. During this time adverse events were recorded to assess short-term safety. A total of 98 patients were enrolled, 65 (66%) aged 3 months to 5 years and 33 (34%) aged 5 years to 10 years. Deoxyribonuclease concentrations in BAL fluid were variable (interquartile range, 752 to 3943 micrograms/mL epithelial lining fluid [ELF]) and did not depend on patient age, weight, or height or differ when delivered through a mouthpiece or mask. The median value for the BAL DNA concentration in the younger group was 432 micrograms/mL ELF compared with 703 micrograms/mL ELF in the older patients. This study demonstrates the value of bronchoscopy and BAL for assessing nebulized medication delivery in young children and shows that aerosolized medications can be delivered to and are present in comparable amounts in the lower airways of younger and older children. Exposure to rhDNase appears to be safe over 2 weeks in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1995

Effect of ribonuclease A and deoxyribonuclease I on immunostaining of Ki-67 in fixed-embedded sections.

Immunostaining of the cell cycle-associated Ki-67 antigen was studied on routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections, using the Ki-67-specific monoclonal antibody MIB-1. Immunomorphological analysis of the Ki-67 immunostaining pattern was carried out following tissue pre-treatments including combinations of microwave heating and trypsinization, as well as of ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease pre-digestion of the sections. The nucleolar Ki-67 immunostaining after slide pre-treatment by microwave heating followed by trypsinization was reduced only by ribonuclease pre-digestion, if this latter was used before heating. Ki-67 immunostaining was not significantly reduced by deoxyribonuclease treatment. We conclude that Ki-67, located in the nucleoli, may be associated there with nucleolar RNA.

Deoxyribonuclease I↗

PubMed1979

Late deoxyribonuclease activity of Salmonell enteritidis.

As a result of chance observations, the authors studied for deoxyribonuclease activity 16 strains of Salmonella, including six fresh isolates and ten stock cultures, with positive results in 13. Reactions characteristically occurred at 48 hours or later, with the majority being manifest at 72 hours and the latest at six days. No other positive reaction was observed among approximately 7,000 Enterobacteriaceae tested, except for Serratia species and Proteus vulgaris. Deoxyribonuclease screening plates for Serratia should be read at 24 hours, and positive results encountered after that time should be interpreted with caution to ensure that H2S-negative strains of Salmonella will not be confused with other genera of Enterobacteriaceae.

Deoxyribonucleases↗

PubMed2006

Association of Gln222Arg polymorphism in the deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) gene with myocardial infarction in Japanese patients.

AIMS: We have recently reported that serum deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) activity, which may be involved in apoptosis, increases abruptly in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI) [Kawai Y, Yoshida M, Arakawa K, Kumamoto T, Morikawa N, Masamura K, Tada H, Ito S, Hoshizaki H, Oshima S, Taniguchi K, Terasawa H, Miyamori I, Kishi K, Yasuda T. Diagnostic use of serum deoxyribonuclease I activity as a novel early-phase marker in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004;109:2398-2400]. Death of vascular smooth muscle cells, in part because of apoptosis, is postulated to heighten susceptibility to disruption of vulnerable plaque, resulting in onset of MI. The present study evaluated the possibility that Gln222Arg polymorphism of the DNase I gene may be one of the factors involved in predisposition to MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed 611 Japanese patients: 311 with MI and 300 with stable angina pectoris (AP). Three common phenotypes determined by two common codominant alleles, DNASE1*1 and *2, whose corresponding gene products exhibit different properties, were found in these patient groups. The prevalence of DNASE1*2 was significantly higher in patients with MI than in those with AP (0.543 vs. 0.428, P < 0.001), being confirmed by phenotyping of the second study population. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of DNASE1*2 was 1.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-2.18]. The association of the DNASE1*2 allele with MI was statistically significant, being independent of other conventional risk factors. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that Gln222Arg polymorphism in the DNase I gene is associated with MI in the Japanese patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1982

Influence of disulfide-reducing agents on fractionation of the chromatin complex by endogenous nucleases and deoxyribonuclease I in aging mice.

Age-related alterations in chromatin were evaluated by a fractionation procedure involving limited digestion of liver cell nuclei from young adult and old mice with endogenous nucleases and deoxyribonuclease I. The results suggest that in the chromatin the bulk of the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) may be folded or compacted into domains or loops and associated at a few points with a nuclear protein skeleton structure represented by the final pellet fraction which is resistant to deoxyribonuclease I. Disulfide bonds appear to play a role in the linkage of regions of DNA with this nuclear protein skeleton structure. The amount of DNA that could be released from the pellet fraction by disulfide-reducing agents was significantly greater with old than with young adult mice. In addition, the amount of chromatin material released into the first soluble fraction decreased and that in the second soluble fraction increased with age. Treatment of the nuclei with disulfide-reducing agents did not correct this particular age-related change. Previous results had shown a similar alteration with age of chromatin subjected to digestion by micrococcal nuclease. The combined results suggest the existence of a supranucleosomal alteration in chromatin structure during aging.

Aging↗

PubMed1974

Different deoxyribonucleases in human lymphocytes.

The distribution pattern of deoxyribonuclease activities in human lymphocytes has been examined by micro-disc-electrophoresis. Four groups of deoxyribonuclease activities, differing in their electrophoretic mobility, in the nature of their optimal substrate and in their optimal incubation conditions, are characterized. There are two alkaline DNase-activities. One corresponds to DNase I (EC 3.1.4.5), the other having pH optimum of about pH 9.0, prefers denatured DNA as substrate and is not dependent on divalent cations. The fractions with an acid pH optimum can be subdivided into two groups, which differ in their activity towards native DNA, towards denatured DNA, in their activity when succinate is present and in their pH optimum.

Deoxyribonucleases↗

PubMed1978

Characterization and identification of coagulase-negative, heat-stable deoxyribonuclease-positive staphylococci.

Various characteristics of 13 coagulase-negative, weakly heat-stable deoxyribonuclease-positive staphylococci from human, veterinary and food sources were determined in an effort to identify them. Nine of the isolates were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (2), Staphylococcus xylosus (2), Staphylococcus simulans (3), Staphylococcus capitis (1) and Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. lentus (1); the other four isolates, from food and veterinary sources, could not be identified as currently accepted or proposed species. Teichoic acid and peptidoglycan compositions were used as key taxonomic characteristics. The determination of heat-stable deoxyribonuclease activity can be useful to detect coagulase-negative S. aureus strains. However, this activity also appears to be present in strains of other staphylococcal species.

Coagulase↗

PubMed1975

Hepatic nuclease. 2. Association of polyadenylase, alkaline ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease with rat-liver mitochondria.

Six types of nuclease activities were found to be concentrated in the large granule fraction isolated from rat liver homogenastes by differential centrifugation. Analysis by density equilibration shows that three nucleases are associated with mitochondria: an alkaline ribonulcease (pH optimum 8.8), an alkaline deoxyribonuclease (pH optimum 7.6) and an enzyme acting on polyriboadenylate (pH optimum 7.5). When the outer mitochondrial membrane is ruptured in hypotonic medium, the three mitochondrial nucleases are partially solubilized. Solubilization is however obtained by addition of KCL to the suspension medium. It is concluded that mitochondrial nucleases are localized in the intermembrane space but that an adsorption to the outer face of the inner mitochondrial membrane occurs in sucrose 0.25 M. The mitochondrial localization of alkaline ribonuclease, alkaline deoxyribonuclease and polyadenylate accounts for at least 80% of the activity of liver homogenate; nevertheless, an excess of these enzymes is present in the microsomal fraction. Although no definite conculusion can be reached for the significance of this observation, it is shown by density equilibration analysis that these nuclease are not associated either with ribosomes or with the membranes which are the major component of the microsomal fraction.

Animals↗