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PubMed1982

Dog serum albumin as an allergen. IgE, IgG and lymphocyte responses in dog dander-sensitive asthmatic children.

To study the allergenicity of dog serum albumin (DSA) in dog-sensitive subjects, we investigated 203 asthmatic children by means of the skin prick test (SPT), the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test. Significant SPT reactions to DSA were observed in only 9 out of 80 subjects with a significantly positive SPT reaction to dog dander and hair (DDH). Analogously, positive DSA RAST results were observed only in a minority of the cases with a positive DDH RAST. Significant SPT reactions to DSA were not observed in subjects with a negative clinical history of dog allergy, or in subjects with a negative reaction to DDH in the SPT or in the provocation test. DSA induced remarkable lymphocyte stimulation in only 1 subject, who also had a significant SPT reaction to DSA. DSA-specific serum IgG antibody titers measured by ELISA were not found to correlate with DSA SPT or DSA RAST.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of allergens from deer: cross-reactivity with allergens from cow dander.

BACKGROUND: Animal hair/dander proteins frequently cause Type I hypersensitivities. Species-specific and broadly cross-reacting allergens have been characterized in the past. METHODS: Sera from eight individuals suffering from symptoms due to exposure to deer and deer-derived products were investigated by immunoblotting. Extracts from deer, dog, cat, horse, rabbit and cow, respectively, were tested for IgE-binding. To reveal cross-reactivities patients' sera were preadsorbed with these extracts prior to testing with deer extract. RESULTS: Deer allergens with the molecular mass of 22 and 25 kD (major allergens), as well as 60 kD were identified. The 22 and 25 kD allergens are cross-reactive with the corresponding cow allergens. CONCLUSION: Deer allergy is a rare sensitization mainly affecting persons exposed to deer, who displayed an atopic disposition. From our results it can be assumed that this hypersensitivity is partly associated with allergy to cow dander.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Clinical efficacy of specific immunotherapy to cat dander: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of specific immunotherapy with standardized cat dander extract, using objective endpoints and simulated 'natural' exposure to cats. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study carried out at a UK Allergy research clinic. SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with asthma due to cat allergy. Subjects were stratified for cat sensitivity, cat ownership and asthma, and the groups were well matched for all relevant parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom scores and peak flow rate during and after exposure to cats in a cat-room. Skin tests and conjunctival provocation thresholds. RESULTS: The actively treated group showed a marked reduction in symptoms during the cat exposure (mean score 61.6-17.1; P < 0.001) with no change in the placebo group (64.7 vs 62.1). The active group also showed a reduced peak flow response to cat exposure (mean fall of 85 L/min pretreatment, 29 L/min after treatment, P < 0.005) as well as reductions in conjunctival provocation sensitivity, skin sensitivity to cat extract and skin sensitivity to house dust mite (D.pteronyssinus). Skin reactivity to histamine and codeine were unaltered. No significant adverse reactions were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Specific immunotherapy seems to be an effective treatment for cat allergy. Allergy to cats is common and often poorly controlled on conventional pharmacotherapy. Although cat allergy has not traditionally been considered as a valid indication for immunotherapy in the UK, it should now be considered as a legitimate treatment, especially for those who are unable to avoid exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A multifactorial study of patients with asthma. Part 2: air pollution, animal dander and asthma symptoms.

As part of a multifactorial computer-assisted study of patients with asthma, the relationship between air pollution, animal dander and asthma symptoms was evaluated. No association was found between four major air pollutants (carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide) and asthma symptoms. Patients who owned cats and dogs reported more severe asthma symptoms (p less than .01) than patients who did not own cats and dogs. The evaluations completed to date indicate that daily exposure to cats and dogs accounts for more of the asthma symptoms differences between patients than daily exposure to air pollutants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The prevalence of indoor allergens in the Baltimore area: house dust-mite and animal-dander antigens measured by immunochemical techniques.

Mattress dust samples from 42 homes in Baltimore, Md., were analyzed by ELISA and rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) for major excrement allergens (P1 [equal to Dp 42], Df 6, and Dm 6) of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, and D. microceras, by RIE for cat major epithelial allergen (cat Ag 1) and horse major epithelial antigen (horse Ag 11), and by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE) for cat and dog antigens. Dp 42 was detected by ELISA in 24 samples (57%) and Df 6 in 39 samples (92%). All samples were negative to Dm 6. Recorded levels varied from 50 ng of allergen per gram of dust (detection limit) to 15,000 ng/gm. A combined content of Dp 42 and Df 6 greater than 700 ng/gm was associated with a positive reaction in RIE. Concentrations of Dp 42 and Df 6 did not correlate (rS = 0.21; p greater than 0.05). Cat and dog antigens were frequently detected by CCIE (77% and 63%, respectively). CCIE titer to cat correlated well with quantitation of cat Ag 1 by RIE (p less than 0.01). Horse antigen was detected in few homes (5%). None of the specific allergen determinations correlated with levels of human serum albumin determined by RIE.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

Immunotherapy with cat- and dog-dander extracts. V. Effects of 3 years of treatment.

The effect of a 3-year course of cat or dog immunotherapy (IT) was evaluated in 32 patients with a history of asthma on exposure to cat or dog. Twenty-one subjects (14 children and seven adults) received cat IT and 11 subjects (six children and five adults) received dog IT. Bronchial challenges with allergen and histamine were performed once a year. Specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 were measured, and skin prick tests were done in connection with the challenges. Allergen sensitivity decreased significantly in both treated groups (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05 in the cat-allergen and dog-allergen treated groups, respectively). Bronchial hyperreactivity measured by the provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% decrease in peak expiratory flow in the cat-allergen treated patients (p less than 0.001) but not in the dog-allergen treated patients. Skin sensitivity decreased in both groups (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05), whereas specific IgE increased initially but dropped to the pretreatment level during the second year. Specific IgG1 and IgG4 increased during the first and second year in the cat-allergen treated group (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001), whereas only IgG4 increased in the dog-allergen treated group (p less than 0.01). Five cat-allergen treated children and one of the adults who completed 3 years of therapy had mild systemic reactions. We conclude that cat IT ameliorated bronchial allergen sensitivity and bronchial hyperreactivity and resulted in an adequate antibody response. Dog IT was less efficacious but led to attenuation of bronchial allergen sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

In vitro and in vivo responses to the recombinant bovine dander allergen Bos d 2 and its fragments.

BACKGROUND: About one in every four cases of occupational rhinitis recorded in Finland is animal-induced. Bovine allergens are the most important in this respect and the largest patient group consists of dairy farmers. Allergen immunotherapy, if proven effective, safe and feasible, would be ideal for their treatment. The development of recombinant allergens has offered new potential therapeutic prospects. Fragments of recombinant Bos domesticus (Bos d 2) allergen could be suitable for this purpose because they are recognized by T cells but their IgE-binding capacity is attenuated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify whether the potential of the two fragments of recombinant Bos d 2 (corresponding to amino acids 1-131 and 81-172) to induce immediate allergic reaction in a shock organ (nose) was decreased compared to the complete recombinant allergen, which would be an advantageous property for a preparation intended for allergen immunotherapy. METHODS: The study group consisted of 10 dairy farmers with cow-induced allergic rhinitis. We used the IgE titres against native Bos d 2 measured by indirect IgE ELISA to characterize the level of sensitization and compared the IgE titres in the rhinitis patients with 12 cow-sensitized asthmatic farmers and 12 healthy students. In vitro reactivity against recombinant Bos d 2 and its two fragments was studied by indirect IgE ELISA and in vivo reactivity by nasal provocation tests. RESULTS: The IgE titres against native Bos d 2 of patients with rhinitis tended to be lower than the titres of asthmatics. The healthy students did not exhibit any detectable IgE reactivity to native Bos d 2. In the patients with rhinitis, there was no statistically significant difference between IgE responses against native and recombinant Bos d 2, whereas with both in vitro and in vivo, the reactivity to both fragments of recombinant Bos d 2 was lower than the reactivity to the complete recombinant allergen. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the decreased in vivo capacity to induce immediate allergic reactions, the fragments may be better tolerated in allergen immunotherapy than the complete allergen.

Adult↗