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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The publication process itself was the major cause of publication bias in genetic epidemiology.

OBJECTIVES: How do scientists in the field of genetic epidemiology see the problem of publication bias, what are the possible solutions and what particular pressures are they under that might either promote or prevent publication and other biases? STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: An exploratory study of beliefs and practices among scientists working in the field of genetic epidemiology. A purposive sample of senior, genetic scientists was selected (N=6) and informants were interviewed face to face. RESULTS: There was some consensus that the issue of nonreplication might be particularly problematic in genetic epidemiology, and that publication bias could contribute to this. The informants suggested that the problem lay mainly with the publication process. Publication of negative results was seen as important but fraught with difficulties. CONCLUSION: Possible solutions included education of editors, and reviewers, dissemination of negative findings through Web sites or accessible data archives and pooling of data. However, none of these were perceived to be straightforward given the current pressures on the research industry.

Culture↗
PubMed1986

The method of transmission of epidemic influenza: further evidence from archival mortality data.

Evidence for influenza-associated excess mortality in the three centuries before the 20th has been sought from parish burial registers in Cumbria, Devon, Dyfed, East Anglia, Gloucestershire and Northumbria, compared with inter-epidemic years. Most of the registers showed excess of burials concordant with eight historic influenza epidemics. Comparison of the dates of these epidemics, deduced from the burials data in different areas, showed a rate of spread difficult to reconcile with direct person-to-person spread of influenza from the sick. An alternative explanation based on development of latency of the virus in the sick person and subsequent seasonal reactivation is discussed.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1998

The still-face effect in Chinese and Canadian 3- to 6-month-old infants.

Studies conducted in China examining cross-cultural differences in 3- to 6-month-olds used the still-face paradigm. In each study, 20 infants were in the experimental group (normal, still-face, normal interactions) and 20 in the control (3 normal periods). In Study 1, infants interacted with either their mother or their father; they looked and smiled less to the still-face of both parents. In Study 2, infants interacted with both their mother and a stranger, with order counterbalanced. Experimental groups showed similar still-face effects to both adults. The control group responded similarly to the stranger in both orders but responded less to their mother when she interacted 2nd. The data were compared with archival data from Canadian infants. Although Chinese infants took longer to begin smiling, responding was similar in both cultures, despite differences in mothers' behavior: Chinese mothers played with the infants' arms; Canadian mothers played with the legs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The height increments and BMI values of elite Central European children and youth in the second half of the 19th century.

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal height measurements on children and youth are very rare prior to the 20th century, as are BMI values. AIM: Growth increments and BMI values were determined among elite (select) Habsburg children and youth in the late 19th century and compared with other extant historical and contemporary data. SUBJECT AND METHODS: Archival data on height and weight were collected for approximately 3500 students attending Habsburg Military schools. The students were measured once a year for 4 years. Because of the minimum height requirement, truncated regression was used in order to estimate height trends, but standard procedures were used to determine height increments and BMI values. RESULTS: Heights increased at most 0.9-1.6 cm between the birth cohorts of circa 1870s and 1900. These future officers were about the same size as their counterparts in the USA and France, but smaller than those attending the Royal Military Academy in Sandhurst, England, who were taller and probably the tallest in the world at the time. Height increments were markedly smaller than those experienced by German students in the 18th century after age 15. Central European BMI values were above those obtained in the USA in the 19th century but well below modern values. CONCLUSION: Although peak height velocity was experienced as early as ages 13 and 14, the height increments were very small compared even to other historical populations. The military academy selected mainly precocious applicants (with probably larger height increments at younger ages and smaller increments at older ages). BMI values in this sample were well below modern standards, but they were unexpectedly as high as those of contemporary US West Point cadets, a well nourished group. There were significant differences in the height of elites in Central Europe in the 19th century, pointing to substantial socio-economic inequality, but at least the elites were as well nourished as the US population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

AntiJen: a quantitative immunology database integrating functional, thermodynamic, kinetic, biophysical, and cellular data.

AntiJen is a database system focused on the integration of kinetic, thermodynamic, functional, and cellular data within the context of immunology and vaccinology. Compared to its progenitor JenPep, the interface has been completely rewritten and redesigned and now offers a wider variety of search methods, including a nucleotide and a peptide BLAST search. In terms of data archived, AntiJen has a richer and more complete breadth, depth, and scope, and this has seen the database increase to over 31,000 entries. AntiJen provides the most complete and up-to-date dataset of its kind. While AntiJen v2.0 retains a focus on both T cell and B cell epitopes, its greatest novelty is the archiving of continuous quantitative data on a variety of immunological molecular interactions. This includes thermodynamic and kinetic measures of peptide binding to TAP and the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), peptide-MHC complexes binding to T cell receptors, antibodies binding to protein antigens and general immunological protein-protein interactions. The database also contains quantitative specificity data from position-specific peptide libraries and biophysical data, in the form of diffusion co-efficients and cell surface copy numbers, on MHCs and other immunological molecules. The uses of AntiJen include the design of vaccines and diagnostics, such as tetramers, and other laboratory reagents, as well as helping parameterize the bioinformatic or mathematical in silico modeling of the immune system. The database is accessible from the URL: http://www.jenner.ac.uk/antijen.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Portable medicine chests in Serbia during the 19th and the first half of the 20th century.

Portable medicine chests could be considered as the oldest type of pharmacy in the 19th century Serbia. Historically their emergence could be associated with the appearance of the first physicians who kept post in Serbia. They were foreigners engaged on a contract to work during the reign of Prince Milos Obrenovic. According to the data preserved at the State Archive of Serbia (Chancellery of the principality, State Council, Home Office - Medical Department), medicine chests existed as late as the middle of the last century. They were an important source for health protection of the Serbian people as well as for distribution of drugs during the course of the 19th century. This article aims to analyse the content of these chests, based on the archive data records referring to the regular supervision of the medicine chests conducted every fourth year by the district physician. The legal aspect of keeping the portable medicine chest will be discussed as well.

History of Pharmacy↗
PubMed2002

The NCTU BioInfo Archive of biological data sets for bioinformatics research and experimentation.

UNLABELLED: Most of the current bioinformatics literature lacks an explicit and clear description of the data used in experiments when introducing or evaluating computational tools. Without the exact data set that was fed into computational tools in experiments, any mistaken preparation of the data for later experiments may lead to discrepancy in conclusion. The NCTU BioInfo Archive is a new web-based bioinformatic data archive. It serves as a test bed for evaluating computational tools, as a bridge to link other research communities with bioinformatics, and also as an environment full of motivations and possibilities to encourage more exploratory research in bioinformatics. AVAILABILITY: http://bioinfo.cis.nctu.edu.tw

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1994

Biological Macromolecule Crystallization Database, Version 3.0: new features, data and the NASA archive for protein crystal growth data.

Version 3.0 of the NIST/NASA/CARB Biological Macromolecule Crystallization Database (BMCD) includes crystal and crystallization data on all forms of biological macromolecules which have produced crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies. The data include summary information on each of the macromolecules, crystal data, crystallization conditions and comments about the crystallization procedure if it varies from the traditional methods employed for crystal growth. The database-management software maintains continuity with previous versions providing similar search procedures and displays. Version 3.0 of the BMCD includes protocols and results of crystallization experiments undertaken in space. These new data are comprised of both the NASA Protein Crystal Growth Archive, which includes information on all NASA-sponsored protein crystal growth experiments, and data describing other internationally sponsored microgravity macromolecule crystallization studies. The entries for the space growth crystallization experiments contain the crystallization protocols, apparatus descriptions, flight summary data, indication of success or failure of the experiments, references, etc. Other new features of the BMCD include the addition of crystallization procedures for small peptides and cross references to other structural biology databases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative analyses of cadmium: quality assured?

Legislation has been a powerful stimulus for measuring the concentrations of cadmium in many different matrices. Unfortunately, much of the quantitative data in the literature is flawed because of a paucity of information on the reliability of sampling and measurement. Non-specific analytical methods, inaccurate calibration, lack of matrix reference materials, poor laboratory technique in general, lack of statistical control, and ignorance of contamination all militate against gathering truly valid data. The implications for bioavailability of chemical and physical speciation also need to be considered, especially in the analysis of airborne particulates and foodstuffs. Effective quality assurance serves several distinct purposes: (1) to allay analysts' concern for the quality of their work; (2) to discharge management's responsibility for the cost and quality of the laboratory's output; (3) to inform users of the quality of the data sets; and (4) to provide archival data and documentation.

Cadmium↗
PubMed2004

PDBML: the representation of archival macromolecular structure data in XML.

SUMMARY: The Protein Data Bank (PDB) has recently released versions of the PDB Exchange dictionary and the PDB archival data files in XML format collectively named PDBML. The automated generation of these XML files is driven by the data dictionary infrastructure in use at the PDB. The correspondences between the PDB dictionary and the XML schema metadata are described as well as the XML representations of PDB dictionaries and data files.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Data extraction and archiving for nursing research using a bedside clinical information system.

Institution wide use of an intensive care bedside information system creates the opportunity to make available vast amounts of clinical data to support research and quality improvement activities. Acting on this opportunity has required the development of several innovative approaches to transform this raw data into usable information. The process described herein uses commercially available software and hardware tools to extract on a daily basis, process and archive data for 7 intensive care units. Once this procedure is complete, attention is turned to using individual and combinations of data elements to build a higher level of information that more directly relates to the kinds of inquiries that help to address questions of outcome, and care quality.

Archives↗
PubMed2000

[Application of computer base standards to pediatrics practice].

The computer base of medical standards to aid of pediatric diagnostic has been presented. The base include of anthropometric data (height and mass of body, some of circumferences, thickness of skinfolds etc.), analytical data (lipids) and also some of hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure). The programme allows graphical presentation of data as a percentile charts and also archives data. The basic of construction of computer base and examples of application has been presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Minor depressive disorder and subsyndromal depressive symptoms: functional impairment and response to treatment.

BACKGROUND: This study quantifies functional impairment and depressive symptomatology in patients with minor depressive disorder (MinD) and subsyndromal depressive symptomatology (SSD) before and after 8 weeks of treatment with fluvoxamine. Study patients were compared and contrasted with archival data from a sample of the general population measured by the Medical Outcome Survey Short Form 36. METHOD: Fifteen patients with MinD and 15 patients with SSD were identified from primary care clinics, referrals and newspaper advertisements. Patients signed informed consent and were offered open label treatment with fluvoxamine 25-100 mg/day. Patients were seen biweekly and measures of functional impairment and depressive symptomatology were gathered systematically. RESULTS: MinD and SSD were associated with dysfunction and disability when compared to archival normative data from the general population. Eight week treatment with fluvoxamine was associated with a substantial decrease in depressive symptomatology and a normalization of psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to quantify functional impairment and the severity of depressive symptomatology in a clinical sample of patients with MinD and SSD, and to demonstrate that treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor decreases depressive symptomatology and improves psychosocial functioning. Placebo-controlled double-blind confirmation of these preliminary observations seems warranted.

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation↗