'Radiopaque substances in denture manufacture'.
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AIM: To develop a reliable, machine-readable coding system for dental appliances. METHODS: Incorporation of two-dimensional bar codes and matrix codes into a range of dental appliances using printed thermal substrates and laser-etched ceramic discs. RESULTS: Problems including reaction of thermal substrates with methyl methacrylate monomer, loss of code clarity, limited areas available for bar codes, difficulty in scanning opaque pigmented acrylic resin and palatal and lingual surfaces were overcome using 4 mm2 data matrix codes etched onto ceramic discs. CONCLUSIONS: Reliable automatic identification of dental appliances was achieved using laser-etched matrix codes. Further development is necessary in relation to optimisation of code size, encryption, scanners and maintenance of code readability over time.
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In order to find a denture identification method that could be rapidly applied to completed dentures, a variety of spirit pens and commercial and experimental sealants were investigated. The pens were generally rapidly removed by one or more abrasive, denture cleansing, antiseptic or mouthwash agent; the sealants exhibited greater longevity. An experimental sealant (acrylic polymer dissolved in chloroform) was found to be cheap, readily prepared, easily applied, very resistant to abrasion, unaffected by immersion denture cleansers, antiseptics and mouthwashes, to produce no more crazing on dentures than the other sealants investigated, and not to affect the transverse strength of acrylic resin.
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In May 1985 a football ground fire resulted in 50 deaths. All the bodies were severely burned. This paper provides an account of the planning and methods used in the initial investigation and assesses their value and the problems encountered.
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In this article some comments are made about the dental identification-work during the Tenerife-air disaster in 1977. This disaster caused the death of 335 Americans and 248 Dutchmen of which 80% could be identified. The dentitions seemed to be one of the most important criteria for identification. Forensic odontology should follow standard procedures and general practitioners should anticipate on their part in supplying antemortal data.
During the past twenty years the author has examined a large number of human bodies, recovered from the Dutch rivers in the area Arnhem-Nijmegen. The aim of the examinations was to identify the bodies by means of the human dentition. Attention is drawn to the typical characteristics, attached to human bodies recovered from floating waterways in general and to human bodies originating from the neighbouring country Germany and being recovered in the Netherlands in particular.
Forensic odontology plays an important, often decisive role in the identification of disaster victims. In the Dutch situation, the forensic odontologist is part of the Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)-team of the Dutch National Police Force. The extensive experience with forensic odontological identification of disaster victims, gained within the Dutch DVI-team is described and illustrated with reference to the identification procedure following the Martinair DC-10 aircraft crash at Faro, Portugal, december 21st, 1992. In the identification of the total of 56 victims, forensic odontology contributed in 55 cases (98.2%) to the identification; in 40 cases there were such clear agreements that identification based on forensic odontology alone would have been sufficient. The success of the forensic odontological identification method appeared to be greatly dependent of the adequate cooperation of dentists that made their treatment data available for comparison.
In large scale disasters associated with fire the damage caused by heat can make medico-legal identification of human remains difficult. Teeth, restorations and prostheses, all of which are resistant to even quite high temperatures can be used as aids in the identification process. In this project the behaviour and morphology of teeth and dental prostheses exposed to a range of high temperatures was studied. Healthy teeth, dental restorations and prostheses were placed in a furnace and heated at a rate of 30 degrees C/min and the effects of the predetermined temperatures 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1100 degrees C were examined by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our observations show that some prostheses and restorative materials resist higher temperatures than theoretically predictable and that even when a restoration is lost because of detachment or change of state its ante-mortem presence can be confirmed and detected by both stereomicroscopic examination and SEM of the residual cavity. We further conclude that a reasonably reliable estimation of the temperature of exposure can be made from an analysis of the teeth and restorative materials.
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The identification of cadavers of unknown persons is important from a humanitarian point of view but also for legal reasons and in connection with insurance. Various identification techniques are available today, such as fingerprinting, DNA profiling and the comparison of dental structures. Not all methods of identification are equally useful in practice and the ultimate identification is often made possible only by a combination of several techniques. Sometimes, the identification procedure cannot be completed successfully because one has no idea whatsoever who it might be and there is therefore no material available for comparison. In the Netherlands, identification is in principle a task of the police. In case of a mass disaster in the Netherlands, or abroad when Dutch citizens are involved, a special Disaster Identification Team is activated, consisting mainly of police officers supplemented by external experts. Major disasters in which such a team has been involved in the past are the air crash in Faro (Portugal) in 1992 (56 victims), the air crash in Eindhoven in 1996 (32 victims) and the explosion of the fireworks plant in Enschede in 2000 (21 victims).
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