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PubMed1997

Infection of brown trout with Diphyllobothrium dendriticum procercoids.

The aims of this experimental study were to develop a practical method of controlling the number of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum procercoids delivered to a fish host; to examine the effect of different procercoid doses (3, 7 and 15) on the plerocercoid level in fish; and to examine the potential mortality caused by plerocercoids. The experiment was terminated after 2 months. The prevalence of infection at the lowest dose level, 17.2%, was statistically significantly lower than at medium and high levels, 63.3% and 56.7%, respectively. The mean intensity increased slightly along with the dosage. The contribution of D. dendriticum to the death of a few fish could not be proved. It is concluded that the present method is practical for use in larger experiments as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Successful treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia saginata infection by intraduodenal 'Gastrografin' injection.

Tapeworm infections are very difficult to cure completely. Thirteen patients with tapeworm infection, seven with Diphyllobothrium latum and six with Taenia saginata, were treated by the introduction of a radio-opaque contrast medium, 'Gastrografin', into the duodenum through a duodenal tube. The whole tapeworm with the scolex was expelled unfragmented within 1 h in eleven cases. One patient expelled a tapeworm 3 days after treatment; the peristalsis of his intestine had been severely disturbed after an attack of cerebral apoplexy. The tapeworm could not be expelled by the remaining patient, probably because she had severe intestinal adhesion. The injection of gastrografin allowed clear visualisation of the tapeworm, the diagnosis of the infection could be confirmed, and the descent of the tapeworm could be observed serially. This treatment had no serious adverse effects in any of out patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Changes in metabolism and behaviour of the freshwater copepod Cyclops strenuus abyssorum infected with Diphyllobothrium spp.

In a population of copepods (Cyclops strenuus abyssorum), with a naturally high prevalence of infection with procercoids of Diphyllobothrium spp., no difference in body size was found between infected and uninfected hosts. However, a significant reduction in the reproductive capacity of infected females was observed, 87% of uninfected females having developed eggs in their gonads and sacs compared with 21% of infected females. The feeding rate of infected copepods was relatively high soon after infection occurred, but gradually decreased to less than half that of uninfected animals. Respiration rate was also lower in infected copepods. Infected copepods showed reduced motility and impaired escape responses, which is likely to make them more susceptible to predation.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

Metabolism Of C(14)-Glucose By Plerocercoid Of Diphyllobothrium Sp.

1. The glucose uptake rate by plerocercoid of Diphyllobothrium sp. was a mean value of 5.35 +/- 0.80 micro moles/hr/g of wet wt, and total CO2 production rates by the plerocercoid larva averaged 7.54 +/- 0.73 micro moles/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activity into respiratory CO2 showed a mean value of 7.30 +/- 0.90 per cent. The rate of CO2 production derived from medium C(14)-glucose was a mean of 0.58 +/- 0.13 micro moles/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore, the average value of 1.92 +/- 0.38 per cent(R.G.D(CO2) of glucose utilized by the larvae from the medium C(14)-glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO2. 2. The tissue concentration of glycogen in plerocercoid larva was a mean of 46.28 +/- 2.23 mg/g or 4.63 +/- 0.22 per cent/g of wet wt., and the turnover rate of glycogen pool was a mean of 0.049 +/- 0.012 %/hr or 0.010 +/- 0.003 mg/hr/g of wet wt. The average value of 2.76 +/- 1.00 per cent of glucose utilized by the larvae from the medium C(14)-glucose was incorporated to the glycogen. 3. These data accounts for that only 5 per cent of the utilized glucose by the plerocercoid larvae participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO2 and the synthetic process into glycogen.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1965

[Metabolism of C(14)-glucose by Moniezia expansa and Diphyllobothrium mansoni]

The adult worms of cestodes, Moniezia expansa and Diphyllobothrium mansoni employed in this experiment. The worms were divided into three portions, i.e. immature, mature and gravid proglottids, and each proglottids were incubated in a certain incubation period, and the glucose uptake rate, total CO2 production rate, tissue concentration and their radioactivities were employed as previous reports(Rim et al., 1965). 1. The glucose uptake rate by M. expansa was a mean value of 6.46 +/- 1.23 micro M/hr/g of wet wt. and the rate by D. mansoni was a mean value of 18.8 +/- 0.8 micro M/hr/g of wet wt. The higher rates were observed in the mature proglottid of M. expansa and in the immature proglottid of D. mansoni. 2. The total CO2 production rates by the worms averaged 14.0 +/- 2.37 micro M/hr/g in M. expansa and 17.51 +/- 1.54 micro M/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO2(R.S.A CO2) averaged 22.2 +/- 5.15 percent in M. expansa and 54.2 +/- 2.2 per cent in D. mansoni. In the both worms, the higher values were obtained in the mature proglottids. 3. Therefore, the average value of 8.84 +/- 2.66 per cent of glucose utilized by M. expansa and 8.23 +/- 0.50 percent of glucose utilized by D. mansoni from the medium glucose was oxidized into respiratory CO2. 4. The tissue concentrations of glycogen were a mean of 2.21 +/- 0.46 percent per gram of wet wt. in M. expansa and 7.56 +/- 1.24 percent per gram of wet wt. in D. mansoni. The higher concentration of glycogen was observed in the gravid proglottids of M. expansa, however the gravid proglottids of D. mansoni showed lower concentration of glycogen than the other proglottids. 5. The turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.04 +/- 0.01 miligram per hour per gram of wet wt. of M. expansa, whereas a mean of 1.66 +/- 0.46 miligram per hour per gram wet wt. of D. mansoni. 6. Therefore, a mean value of 2.58 +/- 0.93 per cent(R.G.D gly) of glucose utilized by M. expansa and 53.6 +/- 1.4 percent by D. mansoni was incorproated into the glycogen. 7. These data account for that at least 11.42 per cent of the utilized glucose by M. expansa and 61.83 per cent of the utilized glucose by D. mansoni participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO2 and the synthetic process into glycogen.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

[Five Cases Of Diphyllobothrium Latum Infection]

Five cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection were proved by collection of worms after treatment with bithionol, niclosamide or praziquantel, during 1975~1983. The patients were 4 males and one female aged 10-64 years residing in Seoul or Wando-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea. All of them remembered the history of eating several kinds of raw marine fish and 2 persons said they ate the raw flesh of perch, Lateolabrax japonicus. Three among them experienced abdominal pain, 2 natural discharge of a chain of segments, but none revealed any sign of anemia. The average egg size in stool varied 59-67 x 41~48 micrometer according to cases. The eggs were characterized by ovoid to elliptical shape, terminal operculum, and distinct abopercular protuberance. One naturally discharged segment (30 cm) and 4 complete strobilae (320~680 cm) with scolices obtained after treatments were examined. The morphological characters of proglottids such as rosette-form uterus with 3~6 loops, vaginal pore included in the cirrus sac, separated seminal vesicle from cirrus sac etc. were all compatible with D. latum. These are the 7th~11th cases of D. latum infection proved by worms in Korea.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Seasonal changes in the prevalence of ova of Diphyllobothrium ursi and Baylisascaris transfuga in the feces of the black bear (Ursus americanus).

An analysis of 114 samples of feces from black bears (Ursus americanus) from La Verendrye Park, Quebec revealed that the prevalence of eggs of Diphyllobothrium ursi and Baylisascaris transfuga varied seasonally. D. ursi ova were most prevalent during the summer and fall and at their lowest in spring while the converse was true for B. transfuga. This phenomenon possibly is associated with the cessation of feeding during the winter denning of black bears.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Human diphyllobothriasis by Diphyllobothrium pacificum. A new case in Antofagasta, Chile].

We report a 26 years old asymptomatic female that expelled spontaneously a 39 proglottid strobila. The taxonomic study of proglottids and eggs found in the stool examination concluded that the patient was infected by Diphyllobothrium pacificum. This infection was probably acquired by the ingestion of raw fish (Sciaena deliciosa) with lemon in a traditional plate called "cebiche". She was treated with a single dose of praziquantel in a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. After 24 h of treatment there were no scolices on feces. The patient did not have anemia. All eight family members studied, did not have the infection. A follow up stool examination three months later remained negative.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of Diphyllobothrium sp. infection in Argentine wild carnivores].

With the aims to determine the infection frequency by tapeworms of Diphyllobothrium genus 30 samples from captive wild carnivores were analyzed. A 30% of the animal analyzed was positive to the infection. Whereas the family Procionidae has a high percentage of positivity (60%), Canidae have lower infection ratio (20-25%). The accuracy for the diagnosis of Diphylobothrium was made by the morphology of scolex, proglottids and eggs. This is the first report of the parasite presence in Argentine wild carnivores.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New cases of Diphyllobothrium pacificum (Nybelin, 1931) Margolis, 1956 human infection in North of Chile, probably related with El Niño phenomenon, 1975-2000].

The effect of El Niño/ENSO on terrestrial atmosphere appears to be extremely clear. However there are outstanding evidences showing its effect on humans and their activities. In fact, prevalence of some parasitic infections have increased during El Niño phenomenon. The reasons for that are the migrations of sylvatic mammals, fishes and birds as well as by environmental contamination. In this report, we show evidence respect of new cases of human infection by Diphyllobothrium pacificum clearly associated with a cyclic manifestation of El Niño in the Chilean Pacific coast during 1975-2000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Diphyllobothrium latum infection in Akita Prefecture. Infections occurring from 1974 to 1981 and the clinical effect of paromomycin sulfate].

Forty-one patients, aged 2 to 68 years old, infected with Diphyllobothrium latum in Akita prefecture were treated using paromomycin sulfate from 1974 to 1981. Paromomycin sulfate was administered orally in a single dose of 20, 30 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg. Twenty-three cases expelled tapeworms. However, only 9 (28.1%) out of 32 tapeworms expelled had their scolex. It can be said that all cases were successfully treated with paromomycin sulfate, since they showed the egg-negative on 3 weeks or 1 month after the treatment. The drug was well tolerated and no side effects were encountered in any patients. It was suggested that paromomycin sulfate was effective and also safe therapeutic agent for the treatment of D. latum infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Efficacy of paromomycin sulfate in the elimination of Diphyllobothrium species and Taenia saginata in clinical cases].

Recently it has been known that paromomycin sulfate had marked anthelmintic activity against some species of tapeworms. In this investigation, paromomycin sulfate was used for treating 6 cases of diphyllobothriasis and 1 case of Taenia saginata infection. Paromomycin sulfate was administered orally in a single dose or 2 divided doses of 40--60 mg/kg, being followed by a purge about 1.5 hours later. Strobila or fragments of proglottids were expelled from 5 cases, of which only 1 scolex was found in a case of infection with marine species of Diphyllobothrium. In 1 case of diphyllobothriasis no worm or worm-fragment was found in the stool even after the second challenge of treatment. Nevertheless follow-up examination for more than 1 month showed no evidence of remaining infection in all cases. Transient dizziness was observed in only 1 case, disappearing within about 30 minutes. Serum- and urine-examinations detected no abnormal signs in all cases excepting 1 case of diphyllobothriasis with suspected hepatitis. It was concluded that paromomycin sulfate is effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of taeniasis and diphyllobothriasis including marine species.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum infection with paromomycin sulfate (author's transl)].

Recently, it has been known that the treatment with paromomycin sulfate is effective against many kinds of tapeworm. Paromomycin sulfate was used for treating 56 patients with Diphyllobothrium latum aged 2 approximately 65 years old. Paromomycin was administered orally in the dose of 25 approximately 50 mg/kg. All cases with Diphyllobothriasis latum were successfully treated with paromomycin. The drug was well tolerated and no side effects were observed in any patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Predatory terrestrial mammals--the definitive hosts of Diphyllobothrium klebanovskii].

To clarify the definitive hosts of Diphyllobothrium klebanovskii in the Far East, 2198 individuals of 18 terrestrial predatory and omnivorous mammal species were surveyed. It was established that 47.1 +/- 8.56% of brown bears, one of the two dissected black bears, 1.7 +/- 1.2% of wolves, 1.6 +/- 0.71% of dogs, 0.3 +/- 0.14% of American minks and 2.8 +/- 2.75% of pigs were invaded by a tapeworm. Obligatory hosts of the parasite were brown and black bears, and the remaining species were optional hosts of limited significance in maintaining parasite circulation.

Animals↗