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Results for “Dual Data Collection”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

The experience of fathers in dual-earner families following the births of their first infants.

This study explores the experience of fathers in dual-earner families following the births of their first infants. The grounded theory method was used to collect, code, compare and contrast data gathered in interviews with 10 men. The fathers indicated that they viewed their return to a dual-earner lifestyle as a process of redefining roles. Redefining roles was influenced by four basic life resources and two sets of value systems and occurred in the context of needs which were either met or unmet. The basic life resources and value systems not only influenced family members' needs, but also the two basic strategies which the men used in redefining their roles. First, the men monitored role strain and, second, they limited role strain. Each of these strategies evolved from the central concept of redefining roles. The consequences of redefining roles included effects on marital intactness, family members' health and family members' satisfaction. Redefining roles has implications for nurses who work with men in dual-earner families. As first-time fathers assume multiple roles and struggle with redefining their roles, nurses can offer anticipative and concurrent guidance.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

High-sensitivity chromatographic detector incorporating three-dimensional charge coupled device fluorimetry.

This article describes a detector for liquid chromatography that provides three-dimensional, excitation-emission-intensity data of fluorescent compounds. The instrument achieves multi-wavelength excitation by employing a polychromator that disperses radiation along the vertical portion of a quartz capillary flow cell. The ensuing sample fluorescence is collected in the horizontal plane and dispersed using an emission polychromator to form a focused two-dimensional excitation-emission image at a charge coupled device (CCD) pixel array. Each vertical pixel equates to a narrowly defined excitation wavelength band, whilst horizontal pixels equate to corresponding emission wavelengths, with the intensity of light encroaching onto the CCD pixel elements providing the third-dimensional variable in the measurement. It is shown that the extreme sensitivity of CCD detection coupled to the dual polychromator arrangement makes possible the collection of fluorescence excitation-emission-intensity data of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a flow stream in less than 0.05 s with nanogram per millilitre limits of detection.

Anthracenes↗

PubMed2003

Factor structure of hypomania: interrelationships with cyclothymia and the soft bipolar spectrum.

BACKGROUND: No systematic data exists on the phenomenology and psychometric aspects of hypomania. In this report we focus on the factor structure of hypomania and its relationships with cyclothymic temperament in unipolar (UP) and bipolar II (BP-II) spectrum (soft bipolar) patients. METHOD: The combined sample of UP and BP-II spectrum patients (n=427) derives from the French National multi-center study (EPIDEP). The study involved training 48 psychiatrists at 15 sites in France in a protocol based on DSM-IV phenomenological criteria for major depressive disorder, hypomania, and BP-II, as well as a broadened definition of soft bipolarity. Psychometric measures included Angst's Hypomania Checklist (HCA) and Akiskal's Cyclothymic Temperament (CT) Questionnaires. RESULTS: In the combined sample of the UP and BP-II spectrum, the factor pattern based on the HCA was characterized by the presence of one hypomanic component. In the soft bipolar group (n=191), two components were identified before and after varimax rotation. The first factor (F-1) identified hypomania with positive (driven-euphoric) features, and the second factor (F-2) hypomania with greater irritability and risk-taking. In exploratory analyses, both factors of hypomania tentatively distinguished most soft BP subtypes from UP. However, F-1 was generic across the soft spectrum, whereas F-2 was rather specific for II-1/2 (i.e., BP-II arising from CT). CT, which was found to conform to a single factor among the soft bipolar patients, was significantly correlated only with irritable risk-taking hypomania (F-2). LIMITATION: In a study conducted in a clinical setting, psychiatrists cannot be kept blind of the data revealed in the various clinical evaluations and instruments. However, the systematic collection of all data tended to minimize biases. CONCLUSION: EPIDEP data revealed a dual structure of hypomania with 'classic' driven-euphoric contrasted with irritable risk-taking expressions distributed differentially across the soft bipolar spectrum. Only the latter correlated significantly with cyclothymic temperament, suggesting the hypothesis that repeated brief swings into hypomania tend to destabilize soft bipolar conditions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Association between breast cancer and bone mineral density: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study.

BACKGROUND: The association between bone mineral density and breast cancer was investigated in a nested case-control study, involving 30 breast cancer cases and 120 controls, aged 68+/-6 (mean +/-S.D.) years, as part of the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (Australia). METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm(2)) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric data and reproductive history were collected by direct interview using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: In univariate conditional logistic regression analysis, lower age at menarche, longer overall duration of lifetime ovulation and higher bone density were associated with higher risk of breast cancer. Among the breast cancer cases, 20% of subjects had lumbar spine BMD greater than 1.20 g/cm(2) (or 2.5 S.D. above the mean) compared with less than 1% of the controls. After adjusting for the effects of duration of lifetime ovulation and body mass index, each 0.1 g/cm(2) increase in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD was associated with a 2.1-fold (95% CI: 1.3-3.4) and 1.5-fold (1.0-2.4) respectively, higher risk of breast cancer. Further adjustment for age at menarche, hormone replacement therapy, and parity did not alter the result. Thus, postmenopausal BMD, which is affected by lifetime exposure to estrogen, is also related to risk of breast cancer. Importantly, it is estimated that estrogen therapy in osteoporotic women, even if raising the risk of breast cancer by 70% as suggested by some studies, would not elevate their risk to the level experienced by their non-osteoporotic counterparts. CONCLUSION: While the mechanism of this relationship remains to be explored, these data support the concept that lifetime exposure to estrogen is an indicator of risk of both breast cancer and osteoporosis. However, the use of estrogen in osteoporosis treatment would not elevate the risk of breast cancer in osteoporotic women up to the level experienced by their non-osteoporotic counterparts.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2002

Clinical risk factors but not bone density are associated with prevalent fractures in prepubertal children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clinical risk factors and bone density with prevalent fractures in prepubertal children. METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine, femoral neck and total body bone was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical data on risk factors were collected by measurement and questionnaires. RESULTS: Of 324 children, 32 (10%) had a prevalent fracture (upper limb 69%). Most fractures were due to low-energy falls at home (69%). Children with fractures were older (P = 0.04), had higher levels of sports participation (P = 0.03), lower levels of breastfeeding (P = 0.05) and tended towards higher usage of inhaled corticosteroids in the previous year (P = 0.05). However, both BMD and apparent BMD did not differ between those with and without prevalent fracture. No differences were observed in the proportion of maternal fractures, maternal smoking during pregnancy, asthma history and oral prednisolone in last year (all P > 0.05). A final model incorporating age, weight, height, breastfeeding history, sports participation and inhaled corticosteroid usage accounted for 10% of the variability in the odds of fracture (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BMD may be less important than clinical risk factors for total fracture risk in prepubertal children. However, sample size limitations mean that further investigation in larger populations with less heterogeneity in fracture types is warranted.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1998

Improved continuous light diffusion imaging in single- and multi-target tissue-like phantoms.

The image reconstruction enhancement schemes of total variation minimization, dual meshing and iterative spatial filtering have been applied to laboratory data collected from continuous light illumination of tissue-like phantoms. Experiments include both single- and multi-target cases where variations in object size (4 mm to 20 mm), position (centred to near boundary) and contrast with the background (2:1 to 8:1) have been explored. The results show that dramatic improvements in image quality have been obtained in terms of geometric and spatial resolution measures relative to those previously reported for continuous light, but quantitative information on the actual optical properties of embedded heterogeneities is still lacking. Specifically, the geometric characteristics of object size, position and shape are generally accurate to 10-20% and the spatial resolution metrics of background-to-object size and neighbouring-edge separation are approximately 10:1. Direct comparisons are also made with images obtained with intensity-modulated light under identical experimental conditions. Images from intensity-modulated light are found to be superior to continuous light in several important ways, most notably in terms of the ability to quantitatively discriminate the optical property values of embedded targets from the surrounding background. Continuous-light images are also found to have centrally located artefacts in many instances which do not appear in the corresponding intensity-modulated cases.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1998

Expression pattern of the rat Lim-1 homeobox gene suggests a dual role during kidney development.

This study describes an in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of Lim-1 homeobox gene expression during kidney development in the rat. Lim-1 is expressed at all stages of mesonephric and metanephric kidney development. In the metanephros, Lim-1 gene mRNA is first found at day 13 in the ureteric bud, but not in uninduced mesenchyme. Expression in the mesenchyme can be seen only after mesenchymal cells have condensed around the ureteric bud tips and primary vesicles have formed. Experiments with mesenchymal explants induced to differentiate in vitro by high levels of basic FGF in the absence of ureteric bud also indicate that Lim-1 expression is correlated with tubulogenesis and this experimental model faithfully reproduces its expression in vivo. During mesenchymal differentiation Lim-1 protein and mRNA were found in comma- and S-shaped bodies, proximal and distal tubules, and collecting ducts. Lim-1 mRNA and Lim-1 protein were seen transiently at early stages of glomerulus formation. In the fully differentiated kidney Lim-1 gene products disappear from mesenchymal derivatives but persist in the collecting ducts which are derived from the ureteric bud. These data suggest a dual role for the Lim-1 homeobox gene in the developing kidney, a transient developmental function in the mesenchyme and a maintenance function in the ureteric bud and its derivatives. Further we suggest that Lim-1 is not directly involved in mesenchymal induction but may participate in its epithelial transformation at later stages as its expression in mesenchyme begins only after the formation of primary vesicle.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

The development of a long, dual-platform triaxial walkway for the measurement of forces and temporal-spatial data in the clinical assessment of gait.

Force-plate measurement of the ground reaction force (GRF) has, for many years, been considered a vital component of the comprehensive assessment of human gait in the clinical context. For example, the data can be used in the adjustment of prostheses and orthoses and in identifying the mechanisms underlying a gait dysfunction. However, commercial force plates are usually only capable of measuring GRF data from one step in a single traverse. That can lead to problems of 'targeting' and, with less able subjects, fatigue before the necessary data have been collected. Previous work at the University of Surrey resulted in a prototype dual-platform force walkway capable of measuring the vertical component of the GRF and estimating the position of application of that force for multiple foot contacts in a single traverse. In addition, temporal-spatial information, e.g. speed and step length, could also be determined. This paper describes the development of a longer walkway that can measure the three orthogonal components of the GRF and provide and a more accurate estimate of the position of application of that force. Software to allow the rapid reduction of gait data to useful clinical information has also been developed.

Calibration↗

PubMed1996

Studying the impact of women on osteopathic physician workforce predictions.

Women have been entering the physician workforce in ever-increasing numbers since the 1970s, and women are expected to reach numeric parity with men early in the next century. In an effort to predict changes in the physician workforce, analysts have relied primarily on data collected in the allopathic medical profession. Documented differences in practice characteristics between osteopathic and allopathic physicians make current workforce projections--based heavily on assumptions rooted in the allopathic medical profession--nonrepresentative of the osteopathic medical profession. The authors attempt to identify the impact of increasing numbers of women physicians on the osteopathic medical profession. They trace the historical presence of women in medicine and explore speculations concerning the continued growth in the numbers and percentage of women in medicine. The authors analyze data from the 1992 AOA census in search of identifiable trends in practice location and specialty choice based on gender, marital status, and dual-osteopathic physician couples. Finally, they discuss the need for complete and accurate data collection for the profession as data-driven workforce policy decisions ultimately affect the entire profession.

Female↗

PubMed1990

Effects of weight lifting on bone mineral density in premenopausal women.

A group of 68 premenopausal women participated in a controlled 12 month exercise program. Two groups were matched according to age, body size (body mass index), and typical activity level. Data collection included bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine with dual-photon absorptiometry and of the os calcis with single-photon absorptiometry, lean body mass, urinary calcium/creatinine, and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). Subjects were given a daily 500 mg supplement of elemental calcium. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of diet, in urinary calcium/creatinine or Gla, or in lean body mass. The weight lifting group had a nonsignificant increase in mean lumbar BMD of 0.81% and the control group exhibited a nonsignificant decrease of 0.5%. However, a paired t-test revealed a significant change in the means in either group or as matched pairs. The relatively small change seen as a result of this modified Nautilus exercise program may prevent moderate weight lifting from being a practical answer for osteoporosis, even in a highly motivated population.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Improving service delivery to the dually diagnosed in Los Angeles County.

Service delivery to dually diagnosed individuals remains problematic in many communities because of entrenched administrative structures that maintain the separation of mental health and substance abuse treatment systems. This article describes efforts to improve service delivery to dually diagnosed individuals in Los Angeles County by increasing communication, coordination, and collaboration across the two treatment systems. Findings are presented on the relationships among program models of service delivery, treatment orientations of programs, and interactions with other service providers to the dually diagnosed. Results showed that drug treatment programs that adhered more closely to an integrated model of service delivery received more patient referrals from case management outreach teams and that programs with a stronger counseling approach to treatment had more linkages with other service providers. Knowledge gained from research on these differing models of service delivery can be combined with new clinical advances to improve service delivery to the dually diagnosed.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2003

Medicare maximization by state Medicaid programs: effects on Medicare home care utilization.

Medicaid programs in some states have attempted to shift home health care costs to Medicare by using retrospective billing practices. The authors explored whether retrospective billing practices increase Medicare utilization for dual eligibles by analyzing primary data on the existence of retrospective billing practices collected from 47 state Medicaid offices complemented with individual-level secondary data from the 1992-1997 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. An individual-level random effects model was used to estimate the increase in the probability and amount of Medicare home care visits from state retrospective billing practices. Retrospective billing practices were found not to affect either the probability or the amount of Medicare home care visits in these data, but the significant inverse relationship found between Medicaid and Medicare visits shows that states with high Medicaid utilization have opportunity to shift some of these visits to Medicare.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of ergonomic dental stools through clinical simulation.

Work-related musculoskeletal pain occurs commonly within the dental community. Three stool designs were utilized in this study: a standard dental stool, a stool with dual arm supports, and a stool with dual arm supports and chest support. Electromyographic data from four muscle groups were collected on 13 clinicians during a simulated crown preparation procedure. Clinical simulation suggests that a potential musculoskeletal benefit to the clinician exists through utilization of dental stool designs which incorporate static arm supports.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

A study of provider perceptions of individuals with dual disorders.

Human service workers devote a great deal of time in preparing to serve clients. The majority of this preparation is focused in one direction, with exposure to a limited type of client. The growing population of individuals with dual disorders of mental illness and substance abuse challenges this tradition in training, in that these clients pose unique, multiple, and overlapping characteristics, symptomatology, and behaviors requiring a synthesis of training approaches. Based on survey data collected in a county in New York State, this study discusses how providers from various agencies view individuals with dual disorders and proposes coordination and training efforts that can be designed to respond to providers' treatment concerns.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

In-house phase determination of the lima bean trypsin inhibitor: a low-resolution sulfur-SAD case.

SAD (single-wavelength anomalous diffraction) has enormous potential for phasing proteins using only the anomalous signal of the almost ubiquitous native sulfur, but requires extremely precise data. The previously unknown structure of the lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI) was solved using highly redundant data collected to 3 A using a CCD detector with a rotating-anode generator and three-circle goniometer. The seven 'super-S' atoms (disulfide bridges) were located by dual-space recycling with SHELXD and the high solvent content enabled the density-modification program SHELXE to generate high-quality maps despite the modest resolution. Subsequently, a 2.05 A synchrotron data set was collected and used for further phase extension and structure refinement.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence for implicit sequence learning in dyslexia.

Nicolson and Fawcett (Cognition 1990; 35: 159-182) have suggested that a deficit in the automatization of skill learning could account for the general impairments found in dyslexia. Much of the evidence for their claims has been collected via a dual task paradigm, which might allow for alternative explanations of the data. The present study examines automatic skill learning in a single task paradigm and extends previous studies by independently examining the contribution of stimulus-based and response-based learning. The task replicates Mayr's (J. Exp. Psychol.: Learning Memory Cognition 1996; 22: 350-364) methodology in the Serial Reaction Time task by exposing participants to two structured displays, simultaneously. Learning is measured by comparing RT to the learned sequence against RT to a random display. This study demonstrates learning for both dyslexic and control groups for a spatial sequence which was observed and a concurrent non-spatial sequence which was responded to via a keypress. Learning of the sequence did not seem to depend on awareness of the sequence structure. These results suggest that automatic skill learning is intact in dyslexic individuals.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Severe bone disease and low bone mineral density after juvenile renal failure.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the late effects of juvenile end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on bone integrity. To establish clinical manifestations of metabolic bone disease and bone mineral density (BMD) in young adult patients with juvenile ESRD, we performed a long-term outcome study. METHODS: A cohort was formed of all Dutch patients with onset of ESRD between 1972 and 1992 at age 0 to 14 years, born before 1979. Data were collected by review of medical charts, current history, physical examination, and performing dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. RESULTS: Clinical information was retrieved in 247 out of 249 patients. Of all of these patients, 61.4% had severe growth retardation (<-2 SD), 36.8% had clinical symptoms of bone disease, and 17.8% were disabled by bone disease. Growth retardation and clinical bone disease were associated with a long duration of dialysis. DEXA was performed in 140 out of 187 living patients. Mean BMD +/- SD corrected for gender and age (Z score) of the lumbar spine was -2.12 +/- 1.4 and of the femoral neck was -1.77 +/- 1.4. A low lean body mass was associated with a low lumbar spine and a low femoral neck BMD; male gender, physical inactivity and aseptic bone necrosis were associated with a low lumbar spine BMD. CONCLUSION: Bone disease is a major clinical problem in young adults with pediatric ESRD. Further follow-up is needed to establish the impact of the low bone mineral densities found in these patients.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1976

An intraluminal transducer/telemetry system for oviductal motility studies.

A method for measurement of changes in lumen diameter of the oviduct has been developed. Miniature intraluminal "doughnut-shaped" transducers, 1.0-1.2 mm in diameter, constructed from conductive silicone rubber are implanted in the rabbit isthmus and respond to localized changes--increases or decreases--in lumen diameter. Multiple transducer implants in the same tube permit rate as well as direction of contractions to be determined. A custom-designed, micropower dual-channel telemetry system was fabricated to record motility from unrestrained animals. Typical data collected using this system to determine the effects of induced ovulation on instantaneous changes in lumen diameter are presented.

Animals↗