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[Electrooculography].

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Electrooculography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Early electroretinografic changes in elderly RA patients treated with hydroxychloroquine].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of fundoscopy, electrooculography, electroretinogram and visually evoked potentials in early detection of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity in RA patients and to evaluate the influence of patients' age, drug dosage, concomitant therapy (prednisone and methotrexate) and serum creatinine levels in the development of this side effect. METHODS: From september to december 1999, we have enrolled 32 RA patients (13 males, 19 females) starting hydroxychloroquine treatment. The patients underwent regular ophthalmological examination (fundoscopy, electro-oculography, electroretinogram and visually evoked potentials) every 4 months. Disease activity was evaluated every two months by clinical and routine serological examination. RESULTS: No patients developed retinopathy during 1 year's follow-up; fundoscopy, electrooculography, and visually evoked potentials did not vary from the baseline. On the other hand, electroretinogram showed early alterations of scotopic and photopic response; moreover a significant statistical correlation between patients' age (more than 65 years) and b1 photopic wave increase (p < 0,05) was observed. No correlation was found between the development of electro-retinographic alterations and hydroxychloroquine dosage, concomitant therapy and serum creatinine levels CONCLUSION: Our data show the inefficacy of fundoscopy, electrooculography and visually evoked potentials in early detection of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. On the other hand electroretinogram allows early detection of retinal alterations during hydroxychloroquine treatment, in patients older than 65 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The role of electrooculographic examinations in the glaucoma diagnosis].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of the electrooculography in the diagnosis of glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 31 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (aged 22-69 years), 29 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (aged 19-77 years) and 22 healthy controls (aged 38-65 years). We performed routine ophthalmological examinations and electrooculography in all patients. RESULTS: Arden's coefficient results concerning electrooculography were the highest in control group and the lowest in primary open-angle glaucoma group, but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Electrooculographic examinations do not seem to be effective for detecting glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Presumed sertraline maculopathy.

PURPOSE: To report a unique case of a woman who developed simultaneous bilateral maculopathy presumed to result from intake of sertraline hydrochloride, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. METHODS: Full clinical ocular examination, color vision testing, automated static perimetry, electroretinography, electrooculography and fundus fluorescein angiography were performed. Living members of her family were also examined. RESULTS: The patient had normal electroretinography and electrooculography results. Automated static perimetry showed generalized reduction of sensitivity and central scotomas. Macular lesions resolved 6 months after discontinuation of sertraline, however, during twenty months of follow-up her visual acuity and abnormalities in other psychophysical tests did not improve. CONCLUSION: Patients started on sertraline should be informed of the potential risk of developing maculopathy, and they should be examined regularly to detect possible early alterations.

Electrooculography↗
PubMed1985

Visual reaction times may be improved by certain beta-blockers.

The effects of the beta-blocker atenolol on vigilance, concentration, and psychophysiological condition were determined by measuring visual reaction time and choice reaction time in volunteers subjected to combined physical and mental stress. Atenolol 50 mg or placebo were administered for three days in a double-blind crossover design. Forty male subjects aged 26 +/- 6 years with a mean blood pressure of 126/79 mmHg and increased activity of the sympatheticus nerve were admitted to the first study. Physical workload was imposed using a training ergometer for ten minutes and mental workload was introduced by asking the subjects to calculate additions and subtractions on mechanical equipment. Electrooculography was used to measure visual reaction time. Fifty subjects aged 32 +/- 9 years with a mean blood pressure of 141/90 mmHg were admitted to a second study. The same crossover design was followed, but a different mental workload was imposed; subjects were required to respond to coloured light signals which were presented at intervals of 0.8 seconds, by pressing the appropriate buttons. In this second study visual reaction time was also assessed by electrooculography whereas choice reaction time was defined as the time between the lighting of a signal (in one of five colours on 1-25 different places on a screen) and its extinction by pressing an appropriate coloured button. As expected, blood pressure and heart rate decreased with atenolol. In the first study, in both periods, visual reaction time was higher with placebo than with atenolol. The effect of treatment was small but highly significant (p = 0.004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

Autosomal dominant pattern dystrophy of the retina associated with a 4-base pair insertion at codon 140 in the peripherin/RDS gene.

OBJECTIVE: To define the phenotype of a retinal dystrophy associated with a 4-base pair insertion at codon 140 of the peripherin/RDS gene. PATIENTS: Six affected members spanning two generations of a single family were examined. Five were studied in detail electrophysiologically and psychophysically. METHODS: Psychophysical testing included color vision testing, photopic and scotopic static threshold perimetry, and dark adaptometry. Electrophysiological testing included flash and pattern electroretinography, as well as electrooculography. RESULTS: Clinical findings ranged from subtle pigmentary changes at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium to more widespread pigmentary changes associated with choroidal neovascularization. Those with severe fundus changes exhibited greater abnormalities in psychophysical and electrophysiological testing than those with minimal fundus changes. CONCLUSIONS: This particular peripherin/RDS gene mutation is associated with dominantly inherited pattern dystrophy of the retina. The phenotypic expression is variable in a manner not explained by age.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

An electrooculographic study of internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

The eye movements of 25 patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia were recorded by electrooculography. The velocity of adducting saccades was markedly less than normal. The velocity of abducting saccades was within the normal range, but statistically there was a wider distribution. Recordings were made in 2 patients several months after the onset of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, at which time the adducting eye velocity was greater than the abducting eye velocity. A patient with a unilateral medial fasciculus lesion showed marked overshoot of the abducting eye on contralateral saccades and overshoot of both eyes toward the side of the lesion. Optokinetic and postcaloric nystagmus were recorded, and the slow phase showed increasing velocity exponential waveform for the abducting eye. The recordings also showed decreasing velocity exponential waveform for the abducting eye. Downbeat nystagmus was as common as upbeat nystagmus in our patients. The findings appear to confirm the theoretical analysis of the eye movement disorder in internuclear ophthalmoplegia provided by Pola and Robinson as modified by recent experimental work in primates.

Brain Ischemia↗