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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Continuing medical education: ethical collaboration between sponsor and industry.

The quandary is, "How can the very different fiduciary responsibilities of physicians and pharmaceutical companies ethically coexist in a society where its healthcare system is under increasing financial scrutiny?" It is paradoxical that the number of states requiring continuing medical education for medical licensure has increased to 39, in the face of reduced federal funding and the squeeze of managed care. Despite industry's providing more than half of the funding required to sustain the increasing need for continuing medical education, some physicians claim it is inappropriate for continuing medical education sponsors to collaborate with pharmaceutical companies because of their vested interest in selling prescription medications. Is the integrity of the physician-patient relationship at risk? I will show that there are ethical standards in place, for professionals and industry, that are effectively maintaining the continuing medical education system in balance. Eliminating the current opportunities for collaboration between sponsors and commercial supporters would severely compromise the continuing medical education enterprise in the United States, ultimately, a disservice to patients, who expect their physicians to continue their medical education lifelong.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2003

Student understanding of the relationship between the health professions and the pharmaceutical industry.

BACKGROUND: Pharmaceutical sales representatives and direct-to-consumer advertising may influence physician practices, particularly prescribing. Identifying the relevant knowledge and attitudes students possess about the pharmaceutical industry may help professional curricula address these influences. PURPOSES: To assess knowledge and attitudes toward pharmaceutical industry marketing, ethical principles guiding drug company interactions, pharmaceutical sales representatives as a source of drug information, and confidence level in addressing consumers seeking a prescription from a direct-to-consumer advertisement among senior-level medical, PharmD, and nurse practitioner students. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess student knowledge and attitudes of four domains associated with the pharmaceutical industry. RESULTS: Significant deficiencies were noted in student knowledge of pharmaceutical marketing expenditures, professional ethics regarding interactions with drug companies, and accuracy of drug information from sales representatives. CONCLUSIONS: Health professional students' knowledge and attitudes toward the pharmaceutical industry are formed prior to graduation. Professional curricula must address the influences of sales representatives before postgraduate training.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Pharmaceutical industry support for continuing medical education programs: a review of current ethical guidelines.

Ethical relationships between physicians and the drug industry require guidelines to maintain the integrity of the medical profession. The acceptance of gifts and subsidies for the cost of continuing-medical-education conferences is considered ethically acceptable provided the gifts are of minimal value and that the control of content and the selection of presenters and moderators for industry-supported CME programs rest solely with the CME-sponsoring institution. Current ethical guidelines for pharmaceutical industry support of CME programs are reviewed in this essay.

Canada↗
PubMed2000

Harmonization of Dementia Drug Guidelines (United States and Europe): a report of the International Working Group for the Harmonization for Dementia Drug Guidelines.

The International Working Group for the Harmonization of Dementia Drug Guidelines has been active for more than 5 years attempting to improve the efficiency of international drug development. A virtual organization was formed of clinicians, scientists, industries, participants, and regulators from various nations around the world. This article summarizes a variety of conferences and physicians' papers focusing on aspects of trials ranging from diagnosis, assessment, and trial design to pharmacoeconomics and ethics.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1991

The ethics of accepting gifts from pharmaceutical companies.

How physicians respond to the promotional activities of the pharmaceutical industry is the subject of ongoing debate and controversy. This paper postulates that the acceptance of gifts in virtually any form violates fundamental duties of the physician of nonmaleficence, fidelity, justice, and self-improvement. The medical community must articulate this position clearly, and it should act accordingly.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1993

Ethics, profit and patients: when pharmaceutical companies sponsor medical meetings.

A series of dynamic changes underway in Washington could transform the manner in which physicians learn of new pharmaceutical therapies. The potential impact of these changes is likely to significantly affect the manner in which physicians learn about and prescribe medications for years to come; the ultimate effect on patient care has yet to be measured, however.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

When drug treatment in the elderly is not cost effective. An ethical dilemma in an environment of healthcare rationing.

In light of moves towards the view that rationing of healthcare resources is inevitable, the question arises as to whether age is a relevant consideration. To hold age as relevant in this context attracts the charge of agism; however, age may be related to some other characteristic(s) that are pertinent. In the context of drug treatment of the elderly, there is evidence to suggest that there are important differences between older and younger patients in terms of adverse responses to drugs because of factors such as physiological changes and multiple health problems, which occur with aging. On the other hand, some studies show beneficial effects of drug therapy. There is a need for more empirical data on cost effectiveness. Ethics arguably have to take into account factors other than cost effectiveness, such as equity. A central question is whether what is required is a set of criteria in addition to cost effectiveness, or an interpretation of cost effectiveness sensitive to broader considerations, such as quality of life (QOL). In relation to the latter, the issue of age-specific measurements of QOL remains problematic.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Fair drug prices and the patent system.

This paper uses John Rawls' theory of justice to defend the patent system against charges that it has an unfair effect on access to medications,from the perspective of national and international justice. The paper argues that the patent system is fair in a national context because it respects intellectual property rights and it benefits the least advantaged members of society by providing incentives for inventors, investors, and entrepreneurs. The paper also argues that the patent system is fair in an international context, provided that developed nations take steps to help disease-stricken countries secure internal justice. Fairness in a national or international context also requires that the patent system should include emergency exceptions to deal with short-term inequities.

Drug Industry↗