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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Distant metastasis of prostate cancer: early detection of recurrent tumor with dual-phase carbon-11 choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography in two cases.

Several types of recurrence may be detected by radiologic assessment after treatment in patients with prostate cancer. However, early detection of distant metastasis using positron emission tomography has so far never been published. We report two patients who underwent hormone therapy or surgical resection for prostate cancer. They developed distant metastases which were detected on whole body [C-11] choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography with significant elevation of serum PSA level. In one patient, recurrent tumor of the supraclavicular node (6 mm) diminished in size after subsequent hormone therapy. Surgical resection of recurrent tumor of the lung (12 mm) was performed in the other patient, the pathology of which confirmed the metastatic adenocarcinoma derived from the prostate. The recurrent tumor can be correctly detected by dual-phase whole body [C-11] choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Opportunistic breast cancer early detection in Tyrol, Austria 1996-2004. Is a mammography-screening program necessary?

PURPOSE: Evaluate the need for a mammography-screening program for Tyrol, as recently proposed in an OBIG feasibility study commissioned by the Austrian Ministry for Health and Women, in view of the already existing organized opportunistic screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This author has examined the state of breast cancer early detection and diagnosis in Tyrol. A comprehensive review of all available data and results based on 3340 primary biopsy recommendations between 1996 and 2004 at our breast centre was performed. RESULTS: Early detection has been improved by organizing the existing opportunistic screening through a true team approach, incorporating not only the clinic's specialties, but also the private radiologists and referring physicians. In 2004, our centre made the definitive diagnosis in 230 (67.6%) of the about 340 primary breast cancer cases occurring yearly in Tyrol with 62.2% being discovered by routine examination and 74.3% stemming from second opinion examinations. About 92.4% of our primary biopsies are performed minimally invasive with an overall 42.9% (1375 of 3205 cases) malignancy rate. Pathological TNM-staging was obtained in over 95% of women under 70 years of age. On average 55.3% (62.0% in 2004) of all discovered cancers were TNM-stage 1 or better lesions (76.2% in our routine patients). With an overall participation of about 75% of our target group (women over 34 years), it is women under the age of 50 years, who most consistently follow our recommendations, resulting in an above average rate of 58.5% TNM-stage 1 and better lesions for all discovered breast cancers (routine and symptomatic) in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Opportunistic screening with a true team approach, combined with minimally invasive diagnosis and a strive for excellence have resulted in improved diagnosis, ever expanding patient and referring physician acceptance and an increase of positive prognostic factors, which eclipses the results of any published international mammography-screening program. A program as proposed by the OBIG would only represent one giant leap backwards for Tyrolean womankind!

Adult↗
PubMed1991

African-American men. Perceptual determinants of early cancer detection and cancer risk reduction.

Research has shown that African-American men have a higher incidence, a higher death rate, and a lower survival rate for most cancers. But currently there are few studies addressing factors influencing the health care trends of this high-risk population. A study focused on identifying factors that contribute to early cancer detection and cancer risk-reduction health behavior in African-American men was therefore implemented. There is evidence to support the conclusion that perceptions do significantly contribute to the health behavior of African-American men. Those having the greatest impact were related to methods of early cancer screening. Clearly, if the National Cancer Institute's goal to reduce the mortality from cancer in the general population by 50% from the base rate in 1984 is to be met by the year 2000, there must be an increase in programs targeting African-American men. Every day African-American men can take steps to help protect themselves from cancer. Our charge as health care clinicians, educators, and researchers is to pinpoint ways to encourage them to do so.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case management in public health screening programs: the experience of the national breast and cervical cancer early detection program.

This article describes a large public health screening program's early experience in adding case management as a formal program component. The results demonstrate that state and tribal programs participating in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program have implemented a variety of organizational models for case management of women with abnormal screening results. Programs have different approaches to staffing and reimbursement of case management services, yet most programs have implemented a "patient navigator" or "medical" model of case management service delivery. Although a number of challenges were identified, a clear and positive finding is that case managers are playing an integral role in the transition between a cancer diagnosis through the program and enrollment in Medicaid for treatment services through the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act of 2000.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Standards for plasma and serum proteomics in early cancer detection: a needs assessment report from the national institute of standards and technology--National Cancer Institute Standards, Methods, Assays, Reagents and Technologies Workshop, August 18-19, 2005.

NIST and the National Cancer Institute cosponsored a workshop on August 18-19, 2005, to examine needs for reference materials for early cancer detection. This meeting focused on standards, methods, assays, reagents, and technologies. Needs for plasma and serum proteomics, DNA methylation, and specimen reference collections were discussed, and recommendations from participants were solicited. This report summarizes the discussion and recommendations for proteomics reference materials.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

Utilization of cancer early detection services among farm and rural nonfarm adults in Iowa.

An increase in the proportion of advanced malignancies among rural residents has been noted and may be due to a combination of factors, including availability of screening services, demographic characteristics, and access to health care facilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 33 nonmetropolitan Iowa counties among randomly selected middle-aged farm and rural nonfarm adults to compare utilization of cancer early detection services. A total of 1,126 adults in 600 farm households and 1,092 adults in 589 rural nonfarm households provided information through a 155-item in-home interview. Differences in income, age, and health insurance coverage (including preventive services) between the farm and nonfarm study populations were found. Although farm men were less likely to have had a checkup during the past year than men in the nonfarm population, no difference was found for women. Overall, differences in screening behaviors were small. Larger differences between both populations were observed for use of mammograms, prostate examinations among men age 50 and older, use of sigmoidoscopy among women age 50 and older, and skin cancer examinations among both sexes. When controlling for demographic characteristics and insurance coverage, members of the farm and rural nonfarm population were equally likely to use multiple screenings according to ACS guidelines. Because of the increased risk of breast cancer, interventions aimed at increasing utilization of mammography among women age 50 and older should be implemented. Although the farm population was more likely to use skin examinations, prevalence should be increased substantially to counteract the continuing rise in skin cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Age of uptake of early cancer detection facilities by low-risk and high-risk patients with familial breast and ovarian cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Some 5-10% of all cases of breast cancer and ovarian cancer have a hereditary genesis. In the setting of an interdisciplinary cancer genetics clinic, a study of the age at which patients first take advantage of early cancer detection (ECD) facilities was conducted in order to assess the influence of familial risk on health issues. METHODS: The study included 556 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (IC) for genetic analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, as well as 205 who did not meet these criteria but attended the primary consultation. RESULTS: Consulters who met the inclusion criteria took advantage of nearly all methods of ECD at an earlier time than women who did not. A comparison of consulters with or without breast cancer showed that those without breast cancer participated in all methods of ECD at an earlier time. CONCLUSION: Methods of improving and increasing participation in ECD facilities, and of encouraging women who are at risk to start on such programs at a younger age, need to be discussed. In this study, familial risk already resulted in a younger age of uptake of ECD facilities.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Early cancer detection among rural and urban Californians.

BACKGROUND: Since the stage of cancer detection generally predicts future mortality rates, a key cancer control strategy is to increase the proportion of cancers found in the early stage. This study compared stage of detection for members of rural and urban communities to determine whether disparities were present. METHODS: The California Cancer Registry (CCR), a total population based cancer registry, was used to examine the proportion of early stage presentation for patients with breast, melanoma, and colon cancer from 1988 to 2003. Cancer stage at time of detection for these cancers was compared for rural and urban areas. RESULTS: In patients with breast cancer, there were significantly more patients presenting at early stage in 2003 compared to 1988, but no difference in the percentage of patients presenting with early stage disease between rural and urban dwellers. There were no differences in incidence in early stage cancer incidence between these groups for melanoma patients, as well. In colorectal cancer in 1988, significantly more patients presented with early stage disease in the urban areas (42% vs 34%, p < 0.02). However, over time the rural patients were diagnosed with early stage disease with the same frequency in 2003 as 1988. CONCLUSION: This analysis demonstrates that people in rural and urban areas have their breast, melanoma or colorectal cancers diagnosed at similar stages. Health care administrators may take this information into account in future strategic planning.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Dietary fibre and colorectal adenoma in a colorectal cancer early detection programme.

BACKGROUND: Although dietary fibre has been reported to have no association with colorectal adenoma and cancer, in some studies this topic remains controversial. METHODS: We used a 137-item food frequency questionnaire to assess the relation of fibre intake and frequency of colorectal adenoma. The study was done within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, a randomised controlled trial designed to investigate methods for early detection of cancer. In our analysis, we compared fibre intake of 33971 participants who were sigmoidoscopy-negative for polyps, with 3591 cases with at least one histologically verified adenoma in the distal large bowel (ie, descending colon, sigmoid colon, or rectum). Odds ratios were estimated by logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS: High intakes of dietary fibre were associated with a lower risk of colorectal adenoma, after adjustment for potential dietary and non-dietary risk factors. Participants in the highest quintile of dietary fibre intake had a 27% (95% CI 14-38, p(trend)=0.002) lower risk of adenoma than those in the lowest quintile. The inverse association was strongest for fibre from grains and cereals and from fruits. Risks were similar for advanced and non-advanced adenoma. Risk of rectal adenoma was not significantly associated with fibre intake. INTERPRETATION: Dietary fibre, particularly from grains, cereals, and fruits, was associated with decreased risk of distal colon adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of physicians' attitudes and practices in early cancer detection.

Most primary care physicians are already involved in some form of cancer detection in asymptomatic patients, and most say their involvement is increasing. With the exception of the proctoscopic examination and mammography, major detection procedures are being used with asymptomatic patients by a majority of physicians. In many instances, physicians' use of detection procedures does not conform with guidelines for the cancer-related checkup recommended by the American Cancer Society. Although they may disagree with some guidelines, most physicians agree they are generally helpful. Physicians disagree with guidelines for mammography, because they feel the cost of the test and radiation exposure associated with its use argue against patients' being tested annually, or being tested at all in the absence of symptoms. In contrast, belief that testing is needed at least once a year is the basis for physicians' disagreement with Pap test guidelines. Physicians also resist discontinuing use of the chest x-ray for early cancer detection, because they want to screen smokers annually. While there is substantial agreement on the value of proctoscopy in cancer detection in asymptomatic people, many physicians are not doing a proctoscopic exam if a patient's stool blood test is negative. Patient fear, discomfort, and the cost of testing influence physician decisions against proctoscopic examination. However, the growing interest in flexible sigmoidoscopy may change attitudes and influence practice toward more general use of proctoscopy. Primary care physicians widely support cancer education, both for the public and with patients in their own practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Agreement between self-reported early cancer detection practices and medical audits among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white health plan members in northern California.

BACKGROUND: Using the medical records of a large, prepaid health plan, our purpose was to assess the accuracy of self-reported data on cancer detection practices and to evaluate any differences in accuracy between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. METHODS: Data were collected on six procedures: mammography, clinical breast examination, Pap smear, sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood tests, and digital rectal examination. We audited the medical records of 815 randomly selected Hispanic and 483 non-Hispanic white members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in Northern California. All responded to a telephone survey. Using a standardized form, we recorded any of the six target examinations that had been performed within 5 years of the telephone interview. We then compared the times of the most recent screening tests as reported in the telephone survey with those in the medical record. RESULTS: For the 2 years before the telephone interview, self-reports for screening tests overestimated the actual rates at which these tests were performed as documented in the medical records. Lack of agreement between self-report and medical record audits was substantial for all screening procedures except sigmoidoscopy. Hispanic members had fewer procedures done for most tests, but the differences were not statistically significant. Overestimates in self-reported screening rates did not differ substantially between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported data on early cancer detection procedures can substantially overestimate their occurrence among both non-Hispanic white and Hispanic populations. These findings confirm earlier findings for Pap smear and affect decisions on cancer prevention procedures that rely on the accuracy of self-reported data.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical detection of 2,511 breast cancers 1977-1986. Efficiency of legal early cancer detection studies].

From 1977 to 1986, inclusively, 2511 patients with breast cancer were analysed. The following factors were evaluated: patients attitude toward screening programs, the method of cancer detection, the relation between tumor-size and axillary nodes metastases and efficiency of the currently in Germany used screening program. 65.9% of the patients underwent regular annual preventive physical examination, 15.2% irregular and 18.9% no examination. Only 12.7% of cancers were detected through the screening program, in 85% the patients discovered their tumors. Cancers up to 0.5 cm had in 25% lymph-nodes metastases and tumors up to 1.0 cm had in 27% of cases axillary nodes metastases. Breast cancers between 1.1 cm and 2.0 cm had a bad prognosis: the axillary metastases occurred in 34%-45%. Surprisingly, there were no differences in tumor size, percentage of residual tumor and frequency of axillary lymph-nodes metastases between patients who took regularly part in preventive physical examination and those never taking part. Women who irregularly participated in the program had the most unfavourable prognosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2005

Multiplexed immunobead-based cytokine profiling for early detection of ovarian cancer.

Early detection of ovarian cancer might improve clinical outcome. Some studies have shown the role of cytokines as a new group of tumor markers for ovarian cancer. We hypothesized that a panel comprised of multiple cytokines, which individually may not show strong correlation with the disease, might provide higher diagnostic power. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of cytokine panel, we used a novel multianalyte LabMAP profiling technology that allows simultaneous measurement of multiple markers. Concentrations of 24 cytokines (cytokines/chemokines, growth, and angiogenic factors) in combination with cancer antigen-125 (CA-125), were measured in sera of 44 patients with early-stage ovarian cancer, 45 healthy women, and 37 patients with benign pelvic tumors. Six markers, i.e., interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and CA-125, showed significant differences in serum concentrations between ovarian cancer and control groups. Out of this group, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, EGF, and CA-125, were used in a classification tree analysis that resulted in 84% sensitivity at 95% specificity. The receiver operator characteristic curve created using the combination of markers produced sensitivities between 90% and 100% in the area of 80% to 90% specificity, whereas the receiver operator characteristic curve for CA-125 alone resulted in sensitivities of 70% to 80%. The classification tree analysis for discrimination of benign condition from ovarian cancer used CA-125, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-6, EGF, and VEGF resulting in 86.5% sensitivity and 93.0% specificity. The presented data show that simultaneous testing of a panel of serum cytokines and CA-125 using LabMAP technology may present a promising approach for ovarian cancer detection.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Breast cancer early detection among Chinese women in the Philadelphia area.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among Chinese American women. Previous studies identified disparities in breast cancer screening between Asian and Caucasian women. This study describes breast cancer awareness, attitudes, and knowledge, as well as barriers and facilitators of early detection among Chinese women in Philadelphia. METHODS: A cross-sectional, translated survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 111 Chinese women from the greater Philadelphia area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe participant experiences and attitudes, and Pearson correlation coefficients, chi-square tests, and multiple regressions were used to identify significant predictors of breast cancer screenings. RESULTS: Of respondents, 53.2% had ever performed breast self-examination (BSE). Among women aged >or=40, 53.6% had ever had clinical breast examination (CBE), and 71.1% had ever had mammogram. Knowledge (p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (p = 0.001) predicted BSE ever performance. Having a doctor as information source of CBE (p = 0.001) and belief in family history as a risk factor of breast cancer (p = 0.002) were significant predictors of having ever had a CBE. Having a doctor as information source of mammogram (p = 0.002) was the only significant predictor of having ever had mammogram screening. CONCLUSIONS: This study laid a foundation for developing culturally sensitive breast cancer education and screening programs for Chinese women in the Philadelphia area. Recommendations include a call for physician education to improve breast cancer screening rates in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Prostate cancer early detection practices among men with a family history of disease.

OBJECTIVES: Genetic studies of familial prostate cancer, which is often asymptomatic until advanced stages, rely on correct designation of affection status. In this pilot study, we set out to determine the proportion of unaffected men whose families are participating in a study of hereditary prostate cancer who have been tested for prostate cancer with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement and digital rectal examination (DRE). METHODS: Participants were identified from the University of Michigan Prostate Cancer Genetics Project, a family-based study of inherited prostate cancer susceptibility. Of the 141 eligible affected and unaffected sons of men with prostate cancer, 124 (88%) completed a mailed questionnaire regarding serum PSA testing and DRE history. RESULTS: Among unaffected men, 95% reported ever having had a PSA test, and 97% ever having had a DRE, with most initial tests occurring between the ages of 40 and 60 years. No significant difference in the mean age at first PSA test or DRE between the affected and unaffected men was observed. Affected men were significantly more likely than unaffected men to have a first PSA level greater than 2.5 ng/mL (P = 0.006), but not greater than 4.0 ng/mL (P = 0.614). CONCLUSIONS: Most men with a family history of prostate cancer are undergoing early detection testing. The differences in early detection testing practices do not appear to account for the difference in affection status among the sons of men with prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Circulating tumor human papillomavirus DNA whole genome sequencing enables human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx cancer early detection.

BACKGROUND: Early detection of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, the most common HPV cancer in the United States, could reduce disease-related morbidity and mortality, yet currently, there are no early detection tests. HPV circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at diagnosis. It is unknown if ctDNA HPV is detectable prior to diagnosis, and thus its potential as an early detection test is also unknown. METHODS: Plasma samples from the Mass General Brigham Biobank collected 1.3-10.8&#x2009;years prior to diagnosis from HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;28) and age- and sex-matched controls (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;28) were blinded and run on a newly developed and validated multifeature HPV whole genome sequencing liquid biopsy assay and a validated HPV antibody assay. RESULTS: HPV ctDNA results were positive in 22 of 28 prediagnostic samples from HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases (sensitivity 79%) with a maximum lead time of 7.8&#x2009;years. HPV ctDNA results were negative in all controls (0 of 28, 100% specificity). Diagnostic accuracy was highest within 4 years of cancer diagnosis and was higher than HPV Ab detection within the same timeframe (P = .004). Application of a machine-learning model trained and tested on an independent cohort of 306 cases and controls increased the sensitivity of detection to 27 of 28 cases (overall sensitivity 96%) and the maximum lead time to 10.3&#x2009;years. CONCLUSIONS: HPV ctDNA can be detected in the blood years prior to diagnosis with HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, with high specificity, in a case-control cohort of 56 participants. HPV ctDNA detection alone, or in combination with previously identified serological biomarkers, may be a feasible approach to early detection of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Impact of endoscopic screening on early detection of hypopharyngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to investigate whether periodic pharyngolaryngoscopy screening in high-risk patients with preceding carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract can detect early hypopharyngeal cancer and preserve the larynx. METHODS: The records of 122 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into the following two groups: (1) the screening (SCR) group (n = 65), patients whose hypopharyngeal cancer was detected by pharyngolaryngoscopy screening; and (2) the symptom (SYMP) group (n = 57), patients whose cancer was discovered by any symptoms. Patients' demographics and larynx preservation were compared. RESULTS: The number of patients with clinical stage I to IV disease at diagnosis was 44, 14, three, four for the SCR group, respectively, and six, six, 15, 30 for the SYMP group, which was significantly different (p < .0001). The rate of larynx preservation after radical treatment was 79.4% for the SCR group and 45.4% for the SYMP group (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Periodic pharyngolaryngoscopy screening in high-risk patients may contribute to detecting early hypopharyngeal cancer. Early detection of hypopharyngeal cancer may enhance the rate of larynx preservation and improve the quality of life.

Aged↗