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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Physicochemical and cell-based approach for early screening of phospholipidosis-inducing potential.

Some of the principal requisites of toxicity screening methods in drug discovery are their ease to perform and high throughput, as well as the possibility to predict the occurrence of clinical events. Phospholipidosis is one of the toxicities often induced by potential drugs. Several physicochemical methods for the prediction of phospholipidosis have been reported. The purpose of the present study was to examine the predictability of methods based on lipophilicity and charge parameters. We employed a test set of 33 compounds including 11 in-house compounds. The phospholipidosis-inducing potential (PLIP) of the test set compounds was determined by the fluorescence-labeled lipid accumulation assay using isolated rat hepatocytes. This assay was verified by transmission electron microscopy (EM). The usefulness of the ClogP - most basic pK(a) (pK(a) -MB) plot to the PLIP of compounds was examined. This plot was unable to predict the PLIP of zwitterions. In order to improve its predictability, the net charge of a given molecule (NC) was introduced instead of pK(a) - MB, since the NC corresponds directly to the ionization state of compounds in the organelles. Compounds with high ClogP (> 1) and high NC (1< or =NC< or =2) tended to be positive. This finding was also confirmed using 30 additional validation set compounds obtained from the literature. The ClogP - NC plot differentiated positive and negative compounds with more than 98% accuracy (62/63), indicating its usefulness in drug discovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Construct validity of the motor profile with preschool children with speech-language delays: component of the early screening profiles.

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the Motor Profile (Bruiniks, Rynders, & Ilmer, 1990) is a reliable, objective, and valid assessment tool of gross and fine motor skills for children (N = 60) between the ages of 3 yr., 0 mo. to 5 yr., 11 mo., classified only as speech-language-delayed. Strong test-retest and inter-rater agreement were indicated. Higher cognitive processing, static and dynamic balance may have played a critical role in the children's performance of items that loaded on Factor 1, while eye-foot and eye-hand coordination may have influenced performance on those of Factor 2. The Motor Profile is a valid assessment instrument identifying the current motor development of this population.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed2002

Early Screening of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis from blood culture.

The timely detection of blood-borne pathogens is one of the most important functions of the microbiology laboratory. Recently, methicillin-resistant staphylococci have become the most important pathogens seen by the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Staphy agar, a novel screening medium, for the detection methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, or other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) from positive blood cultures showing Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Eighty-six blood cultures that yielded Gram-positive cocci in clusters were included in this study. The organisms were finally identified by the Vitek system, and oxacillin resistance was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mecA gene detection. The identification and oxacillin resistance of all S. aureus strains showed complete agreement with the Vitek and PCR results. The presumptive detection of S. epidermidis and other CNS were consistent with the Vitek system in 94.7%, and the screening of oxacillin resistance was consistent with the result of PCR in 92.1% of 38 strains. The Staphy agar method is reliable and rapid for differentiating Gram-positive cocci in clusters in blood and for determining their methicillin resistance.

Bacterial Proteins↗