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PubMed1989

Population growth and economic development: a case study of Yugoslavia.

The paper deals with the relationship between the population growth and economic development in Yugoslavia and its republics, covering the period after the 2nd World War. Yugoslavia is a developing country with a specific demographic and economic structure which makes it unique in Europe. Its territory is comprised of both relatively developed regions where demographic transition is over, and underdeveloped regions with high natural increase of population where the demographic transition is only just beginning. Correlation and regression methods were used to quantify this relationship. The economic development and structural changes are discussed, relating to human factor. An adequate population policy through family planning is stressed as important in obtaining an increased return to scale with a more positive role of demographic factor.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2005

Age- and sex-specific analysis of homicide mortality as a function of economic development: a cross-national comparison.

AIMS: This study examined the association between homicide rates and GNP per capita (as a measure of economic development) among all age- and sex-specific groups in 53 countries. METHODS: Cross-sectional data on homicide rates by age- and sex- specific groups were obtained for 53 countries from World Health Statistics Annual 1996. The association between homicide rates and economic development was studied by using two methods: (1) with regression analysis and (2) by categorizing the data into four income-based country groups and then comparing the differences in their mean values. RESULTS: Results indicate that there was a negative correlation between homicide rates and economic development. The association between homicide rates and country GNP per capita became stronger with increasing age. Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient was strongest among older age groups (65+year) in both sexes (male, r = -0.77 and female, r = -0.71). The correlation was weakest and positive among 1- to 4-year-old children (males, r = 0.17 and females, r = 0.07). The homicide rate among females was highest for <1-year-old children in low income countries (LICs) (12.8 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Lower middle-income countries are in the stage of high priority where both homicide rates and homicide as percentage of total death are high, and its impact was greatest for young males. However, infanticide as a public health problem seems highly concentrated in the poorest countries, while homicide among small children, 1-4 years old, appears to be a universal phenomenon across all nations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Health and economic development: the example of China and Cuba.

The unprecedented accomplishments reported from China and Cuba in providing health care to their populations question the assumption that economic development along the model of Western nations is a sine qua non for developing effective health care systems among nonaffluent developing nations. Equal distribution of resources, emphasis on preventive public health measures, and attention to improving overall quality of life have been concepts employed to great advantage by both countries. When it is realized that improved standards of living have far overshadowed modern medical technology in upgrading the health of populations, the policies employed in China and Cuba become especially relevant to other nations, both developed and developing.

China↗
PubMed2006

Economic development's effect on road transport-related mortality among different types of road users: a cross-sectional international study.

The relationship between a country's stage of economic development and its motor vehicle crash (MVC) mortality rate is not defined for different road users. This paper presents a cross-sectional regression analysis of recent national mortality in 44 countries using death certificate data provided by the World Health Organization. For five types of road users, MVC mortality is expressed as deaths per 100,000 people and per 1000 motor vehicles. Economic development is measured as gross national income (GNI) per capita in U.S. dollars and as motor vehicles per 1000 people. Results showed overall MVC mortality peaked among low-income countries at about US$ 2000 GNI per capita and at about 100 motor vehicles per 1000 people. Overall mortality declined at higher national incomes up to about US$ 24,000. Most changes in MVC mortality associated with economic development were explained by changes in rates among nonmotorized travelers, especially pedestrians. Overall MVC rates were lowest when pedestrian exposure was low because there were few motor vehicles or few pedestrians, and were highest during a critical transition to motorized travel, when many pedestrians and other vulnerable road users vied for use of the roadways with many motor vehicles.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urbanization and economic development.

"This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion on the relationship between the levels of urbanization, levels of economic development and the pattern of economic activities." The focus is on the situation in developing countries, and the data are from published World Bank sources. Data on per capita income are used to stratify countries into development levels. The study includes data on centrally planned economies and on African countries.

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Population growth and economic development in a developing context: problems and policies.

"This study addresses the issue of population growth and economic development and shows that a two way relationship exists between both concepts. It isolates some pertinent factors responsible for high fertility rates in [developing countries] and Nigeria in particular. On the basis of these factors the study then suggests both direct and indirect measures such as birth controls and mass education, among others, to reduce high fertility. Above all, development should be designed in such a way as to eliminate distortionary macro-economic policies that favour the richer groups in the economy."

Africa↗
PubMed1991

Socio-economic development and the dynamics of child mortality among sedentarizing Bedouin in Israel.

The authors analyze trends in child mortality among the Bedouin in Israel, who are in the process of changing from a nomadic to a sedentary way of life. "At early stages of sedentarization and development, child mortality rates decline, as expected, then rise, only to decline again. The positive relationship that is theoretically assumed to exist in general between declining child mortality and socio-economic development over time and space may thus possibly be refined, to accompany an earlier similar refinement regarding fertility decline. Demographic indicators may consequently respond late to development processes."

Asia↗