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PubMed1987

Patterns of household immigration into South Texas.

This article examines Mexican migration into South Texas in recent decades and focuses on changes in the characteristics of the migrants' households. An ethnographic approach is used in examining 56 permanent, immigrant households. "This article introduces a hypothesis for explaining the increase and permanency of household immigration." It is found that "immigration often leads to downward social mobility with respect to legal status of household members, type of employment, and property ownership. Of particular note is the transformation of the household from a single to a multiple worker unit, in response to agricultural labor demands and growing employment opportunities in the non-agricultural sector."

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Migration and oil in Tabasco].

"At the beginning of the seventies, important economic investments aimed at developing and commercializing the newly discovered oilwells were made in the state of Tabasco [Mexico]. As a result of this, the distribution and the social growth of the population in this state changed. This paper analyses the general characteristics of these changes, particularly those related to migration.... Generally speaking, the most important migratory movements which took place in this state during the oil boom were from one municipality to another and not from other states to Tabasco, as was thought at first.... This paper also describes the direction of the migratory flows and provides information about the sex of the migrants and about their insertion within the sphere of employment." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1987

[A study on the local marriage network in Korea].

Place of residence has traditionally been an important factor in Korea in mate selection. This study examines the local marriage network in Korean society, its variation by year of marriage, and general characteristics of the married women. Data are drawn from the 1986 national sample survey on the family life cycle implemented by the Korea Institute for Population and Health. Questionnaires were administered to 3013 wives aged 15-64. Major study findings follow. 1) The local marriage rate within the same region by birthplace is strikingly high in Kyongsangdo and Chonla-do. Local marriage rates are 79.5% in both of these regions, 33.5% in Seoul, 35.2% in Busan, 50% in Kyonggi-do, 48.1% in Kangwon-do, and 60.7% in Chungchung-do. 2) The local marriage rate within the same county or the same city be residence before marriage has rapidly been declining in rural areas since 1960. This is largely due to industrialization, urbanization, and better transportation. The marriage rate in rural areas was 62% among marriages in the 1940s, 47.1% in the 1960s, 43% in the 1980s, and 70.9%, 88.4%, and 70.7% respectively in urban areas. 3) The proportion of local marriages within the same city or county is 55.1% among arranged marriages and 72.3% among romantic marriages. 4) Pre-marital employment seems to have some effects on the extent of mate-selection. Wives who worked before marriage were more likely to marry men in the same city or county. The local marriage rate within the same city or county is 63.2% among wives with work experience, and 58.5% among wives without work experience. 5) The more educated the woman, the higher the local marriage rate within the same city or county. 56.6% of those who attended middle school married men in the same city or county as theirs, 61.4% of wives with a high school education, and 76.6% of wives with college or more education. 63.8% of wives who never attended school married men in the same city or county. In summary, restrictions on marriage between couples of different status has been diminishing due to introduction of democratic thought based on freedom and equality; the marriage network has also narrowed due to industrialization, urbanization, migration, and women's higher educational attainment.

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inter-generational occupational mobility and population heterogeneity: a statistical analysis.

"In the present paper an attempt is made to study the inter-generational occupational mobility in three types of developing villages [in India] that are heterogeneous in many socio-economic and other aspects. The specific objectives of this study are: (i) to study the overall occupational mobility of fathers-sons and to find out the predicted equilibrium structure, (ii) to find the waiting time (number of generations) that sons will stay in their fathers' occupational state before moving to other ones and (iii) to test the hypothesis of identical class structures in these three types of heterogeneous societies." The data are from a 1978 sample survey, and "the basic simple time-homogeneous Markov Chain model by Prais (1955) is employed...."

Asia↗
PubMed1989

Occupational mobility of heads of households migrating to Medina.

"The aim of this study is to determine the effect of internal and external migration on the occupational mobility of the heads of households migrating to Medina [Saudi Arabia]....[It] is based on a survey of families in Medina which was conducted by the author in 1986/1987." The results show that "the majority of the migrants were able to achieve positive vocational mobility as a result of their migration. However, there are some distinctions in the extent of this positiveness between Saudi Arabian and non-Saudi Arabian migrants, as well as between urban and rural migrants.... The main factors affecting migration to Medina are difference in income, as well as in the educational level at origin and at destination."

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Project Redirection: evaluation of a comprehensive program for disadvantaged teenage mothers.

An evaluation of Project Redirection, a two-year demonstration program designed to help pregnant teenagers and teenage mothers, shows that teenagers from a comparison group, who were not enrolled in the demonstration program, were significantly more likely than project participants to experience a repeat pregnancy after one year, but that after two years the difference was small and nonsignificant. Likewise, at 12 months into the program, the project participants proved more likely to be using contraceptives, but by 24 months the comparison group had caught up. After one year of participation, the project teenagers were more likely than the others either to be in school or to have graduated (56 and 49 percent, respectively). However, this differential also disappeared by 24 months. Nonetheless, even at that point, project teenagers who had dropped out prior to joining the program and those who had had a repeat pregnancy were more likely to be in school or to have completed school than were similar comparison teens. Project teenagers also were somewhat more likely to have held a job during the two-year period than were teenagers not enrolled in the program. All in all, the evaluation demonstrated that teenagers who participated in the project and remained in it for more than a year had consistently better outcomes in education, employment and repeat pregnancy than any other group had. Comparison teenagers who had never participated in any special program for pregnant teenagers, on the other hand, demonstrated consistently poorer outcomes than any other group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Case reports].

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a serious adverse reaction of neuroleptic drug therapy, composed of mental status changes, muscular rigidity, hyperthermia, signs of autonomic instability and typical laboratory findings. The syndrome has received increased attention in the scientific literature since 1980; nevertheless some weighty issues regarding clinical symptoms, etiopathogenesis and treatment require additional studies. This paper presents 9 cases of neuroleptic malignant syndrome prospectively observed in 8 inpatients and 1 outpatient with different psychiatric diagnosis. Levenson's diagnostic criteria were fulfilled in 7 cases; the remaining two had slighter symptoms. So neuroleptic malignant syndrome is to be considered a rare but not unusual side effect of neuroleptics. The risk of syndrome doesn't seem to be correlated with chemical class, D2 receptor affinity and total dosage of neuroleptics; a key factor seems instead to be a quick loading rate of neuroleptics. Seven of 9 cases displayed severe changes in mental status (clouding of consciousness that varies from stupor to coma), violent psychomotor excitement and aggressiveness before the onset of the syndrome. Such clinical features seem themselves, in our experience, to be potential risk factors besides reason for an increase of neuroleptic dosage. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome usually is preceded by prodromal signs, the most important appearing the worsening of alterations in consciousness. Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome usually appear abruptly and in some cases with a dramatic course; they last, in cases with favourable outcome, a few days to two weeks from neuroleptic withdrawal; by far the worst outcome, instead, occurs if diagnosis and drug discontinuation are not carried out early. The first measure in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome consists of prompt discontinuation of all neuroleptic medications and other psychopharmacological cures, except for benzodiazepines, and institution of supportive therapy; such interventions can resolve the most of cases. Three patients treated with bromocriptine and/or dantrolene didn't display a different duration of clinical symptoms and rate of complications if compared to patients treated with supportive therapy only. Use of bromocriptine or dantrolene, or both, therefore should be considered as a second line of action. In four cases, neuroleptics were reintroduced within few days of recovery; low potency neuroleptics were employed, given low doses which gradually increased: in none of the 4 cases did the patients experience partial or complete recurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Adult↗