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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Acute endocrine effects of a single administration of methylmercury chloride (MMC) in rats.

The acute effects of methylmercury chloride (MMC) on the endocrine functions were investigated with doses too small to cause any typical neurological dysfunctions. The hormones included PRL, LH, TSH, ACTH, corticosterone (Bk), testosterone (TLI), total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (free T4). The changes in serum hormone levels from 1 hour through 10 days after a single injection of MMC (12 mg/kg s.c.) (Exp. 1), and dose-response relationships between MMC doses (2 to 16 mg/kg s.c.) and the serum hormone levels at 25 hours after MMC injection (Exp. 2) were examined. The acute effects revealed, which were all reversible, are summarized as follows; MMC might directly inhibit thyroxine synthesis; MMC could affect only stimulatively the pituitary-adrenal axis and PRL synthesis/release, the primary action site for which may be the CNS; and the effects of the pituitary-gonadal axis were inconsistent and, therefore, this axis seems to be relatively resistant to MMC. On the other hand, the responses of PRL and TSH to TRH loading, which were examined for both groups in Exp. 3, suggested that MMC could not affect the metabolizing activity for serum PRL and TSH. The hormone levels of the MMC group enhanced by TRH recovered very rapidly as in the control group. Thus, these acute and reversible endocrine effects seem to indicate relatively earlier development of possible chronic and irreversible effects on the endocrine functions when exposed to methylmercury chronically, and these should be examined further.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1989

Endocrine effects of combined somatostatin analog and bromocriptine therapy in women with advanced breast cancer.

In this pilot clinical trial conducted in 10 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, we evaluated the endocrine effects and toxicity of combined somatostatin analog and dopaminergic therapy in the attempt to suppress both growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion. The patients' mean age was 63 years (range: 54-77) and the average number of previous treatments was 4.8 +/- 2 (SD). All patients were treated with the somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 (100-200 micrograms s.c. in a.m. and h.s.) and bromocriptine (2.5 mg orally twice a day). During treatment, GH levels following provocative testing (either L-DOPA or insulin-induced hypoglycemia) were suppressed in 7/9 patients. Basal somatomedin-S (Sm-C) levels declined in 6/9 women. Both GH and Sm-C levels decreased in 4 patients, while in the remaining 5 only one of the two parameters was lowered on treatment. PRL secretion (during provocative TRH testing) was almost totally abolished in 8/9 patients. The treatment did not affect circulating levels of FSH, LH, E1, E2, E1-S, T4, T3RU, or cortisol. Seven patients experienced no side effects. Nausea occurred in 3, but was severe enough in only one to require discontinuation of therapy. One patient experienced disease stabilization consisting of less than 50% regression of skin nodules and pleural effusion, a decline in CEA titer, and an improved performance status lasting 7 months. We conclude that combined SMS 201-995 and bromocriptine therapy is safe and frequently suppresses GH and PRL secretion. Its role in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer should be tested in patients with less advanced disease.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Abortifacient and endocrine effects of metergoline in beagle bitches during the second half of gestation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the abortifacient effects of high doses of metergoline when administered to pregnant beagle bitches during the second half of gestation and to define the endocrine effects of this treatment as represented by plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations. Previously, metergoline had been shown to be incompletely luteolytic and induced abortion in only one of eight pregnant bitches when 0.4-0.5 mg/kg were administered twice daily for 5 days from Days 18 to 20 of diestrus. Nine pregnancies in six beagle bitches were used for the present study. Three bitches were treated in each of two consecutive pregnant cycles. Metergoline was administered at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg per os twice daily, starting on Day 28 after the cytological onset of diestrus. Abortion was induced in eight of the nine treated pregnancies and started after 3-23 days of treatment (mean 12.5 days, S.D. 6.4 days). The abortions were completed within 0.5-8 days (mean 2.2 days, S.D. 2.7 days). There were no side effects associated with metergoline treatment and none of the abortions was associated with complications that required intervention. In the single bitch that did not abort, an ovarian granulosa cell tumor was discovered when the single fetus had to be removed surgically at term. Plasma progesterone concentrations declined after the start of metergoline administration in all pregnancies but levels below 4.8 nmol/l were required for successful abortions. Plasma estradiol concentrations showed a tendency to decline and fluctuate concurrently with the plasma progesterone levels. However, suppression of plasma estradiol concentrations by metergoline was not as complete as the suppression of progesterone and did not seem a prerequisite for abortion. The hormone profiles and treatment period required for abortion tended to be similar for both cycles of the three bitches that were treated during two consecutive pregnancies. This suggests a bitch effect on the factors that determine the efficacy of metergoline to induce abortion. The large variation and length of the treatment period that was required until abortion commenced was probably related to the relatively early start of treatment compared to other studies. The results of this investigation suggest that, similar to other prolactin suppressing ergot derivatives, metergoline causes complete luteolysis and can be used to reliably induce abortion only during the last 3 weeks of gestation.

Abortifacient Agents↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical and endocrine effects of laparoscopic ovarian surgery in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome].

OBJECTIVES: Is minimal invasive ovarian surgery an alternative infertility treatment for patients with polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome? METHODOLOGY: 52 anovulatory patients with the clinical and endocrine characteristics of PCO syndrome were treated with laparoscopic Nd: YAK (n = 11) or CO2 (n = 41) laser surgery to drain atretic follicles and destroy the ovarian stroma. RESULTS: Following surgical reduction of serum androgen and estrogen levels (p < 0,01), 83% of the PCO patients ovulated spontaneously or following ovulation induction; pregnancies occurred in 38%. At re-laparoscopies, 86% of patients had no periovarian adhesions. CONCLUSIONS: Since laparoscopic laser surgery is capable of inducing profound clinical and endocrine effects, it may represents a feasible alternative for infertility treatment in PCO patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

A further analysis of behavioral and endocrine effects of unpredictable chronic stress.

Tolerance can develop when rats are repeatedly exposed to some predictable stressors. This does not occur, however, when rats are exposed to unpredictable chronic stress. In this study we have analyzed some behavioral and endocrine effects in male and female rats treated daily with unpredictable emotional stressor (ES-groups) or unpredictable physical stressors (PS-groups) over a 14-day period. Animals were then submitted to three behavioral tests at 24 hr intervals. Experiment 1 shows that when rats were tested in an enriched environment both total motor activity and exploration of the novel object were impaired by the PS treatment. This suggests the occurrence of motivational deficit. The fact that the PS-groups also showed increased intratest defecation suggests increased emotionality. When animals were submitted to an emergence test the PS-groups showed longer emergence latency, lower frequency of emergencies and lower time spent exploring the emergence compartment than the ES- and the C-group. This strongly supports that the PS treatment increased emotionality in rats. When ES- and PS-groups were exposed to a forced swim test they showed longer immobility duration (despair reaction) but only the PS-group displayed lower frequency of jumps (escape reaction). Results of all tests performed revealed that females were more resistant than males to the behavioral effects of the PS treatment. The day after the behavioral testing was completed, basal levels of corticosterone and prolactin were investigated in male subjects. The PS-group showed higher baseline levels of these "stress labile" hormones than the ES and the C-group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Immunologic and endocrine effects of the flame-retardant pentabromodiphenyl ether (DE-71) in C57BL/6J mice.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are manufactured for use as flame retardants in commercial plastics and textiles in Europe and North America. These studies investigated the acute and subchronic immunotoxicity and endocrine effects of a commercial pentabromodiphenyl either mixture, DE-71, in female C57BL/6 mice. Mice were orally exposed to acute single doses of DE-71 of 0, 0.8, 4.0, 20, 100, or 500 mg/kg, or to subchronic daily doses totaling 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg over a 14 day period. Immunotoxicity was assessed by measuring the plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and natural killer cell (NKC) activity (basal and poly I:C stimulated) to YAC-1 target cells. Liver cytochrome P450 content and activities (ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) and pentoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (PROD)) as well as corticosterone (CS) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were also measured. PROD activity was induced 3-5-fold in mice exposed acutely or subchronically to DE-71 at doses > 250 mg/kg. EROD activity and total microsomal cytochrome P450 content were significantly induced only in mice treated subchronically with DE-71; maximum induction of EROD was 3.3-fold. Total serum T4 concentrations were significantly lower in mice treated acutely with DE-71 at all doses except the 100 mg/kg dose. Total and free T4 concentrations were dose-dependently decreased in DE-71-treated mice following subchronic exposure. Plasma CS levels were elevated following subchronic exposure to DE-71. The elevation of CS was correlated with order of capture at necropsy, suggesting an interactive effect of DE-71 and stress. In regard to immunotoxicity, significant suppression of the anti-SRBC response was seen only in mice exposed subchronically to 1000 mg DE-71/kg, an exposure that also resulted in decreased thymus weight. NKC activity was not altered by exposure to DE-71.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Hyperthermic and endocrine effects of intravenous prostaglandin administration in the pig.

Experimentally induced fever is accompanied by a variety of hormonal changes, and there is evidence to suggest that some of these responses may be mediated by prostaglandins. However, little is known about the endocrine effects of peripherally administered prostaglandins, especially in domesticated species. In this study, the effects of intravenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 20 micrograms/kg) on deep body temperature and plasma concentrations of cortisol, lysine vasopressin (LVP), and growth hormone were investigated in prepubertal pigs (n = 6) prepared with venous catheters and sampled at 10-min intervals for 3 hr. PGE2-induced hyperthermia, which lasted for the duration of the study, was accompanied by a 70-min increase in cortisol and LVP concentrations. Moreover, this hyperthermic response was checked when LVP levels were high. These results indicate that a fever-inducing intravenous injection of PGE2 produced a marked anterior and posterior pituitary hormone response in growing pigs. Also, the transient increase in LVP may be correlated with a central action of the hormone, limiting the extent of the fever. In addition, because the majority of the animals exhibited mild hyperthermia (0.5 degrees C) under control conditions, the results suggest that, in a given population of pigs, there may be some animals that exhibit stress-induced hyperthermia.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Use of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist (leuprorelin) in advanced post-menopausal breast cancer: clinical and endocrine effects.

Fifteen post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with the LH-RH agonist leuprorelin (D-leu6-des-gly10-Gn-RH-ethylamide) given in a dosage of 7.5 mg as a monthly subcutaneous depot injection, to assess the clinical activity and endocrine response to treatment. None of the 15 patients showed an objective response to treatment, although four patients had stable disease for at least 6 months. No toxicity was demonstrated. Endocrine effects after 4 weeks' treatment were as follows: mean levels of serum gonadotrophins fell to 10% of their pretreatment values; there were no significant changes in the levels of prolactin on treatment; there was a significant decrease in the levels of serum testosterone in 12 out of 14 patients; there were no significant changes in the levels of oestradiol, androstenedione and oestrone. The lowering of serum testosterone suggests that androgens in post-menopausal women may be partly produced by the ovaries, stimulated by LH and FSH. This fall in testosterone may explain why some post-menopausal breast cancer patients in other studies have been reported to respond to treatment with LH-RH agonists, as it would decrease the substrate for the peripheral synthesis of oestrogens.

Aged↗

PubMed1983

Endocrine effects of low dose aminoglutethimide alone in advanced postmenopausal breast cancer.

The site of action of aminoglutethimide (AG) has been investigated. An initial study was performed on 10 postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer who had taken 1000 mg AG per day and 20 mg hydrocortisone (HC) twice daily (b.d.) for greater than 3 months. There was a 15.5 +/- 5.6 s.e.-fold rise in 17-OH progesterone and a 4.9 +/- 0.9 s.e.-fold rise in 4 delta androstenedione but no rise in cortisol or oestrone 30 min after short Synacthen tests. These results suggested that peripheral aromatisation was a more important site of AG action than adrenal desmolase, and that adrenal 11 beta hydroxylase was inhibited. Since aromatase is more sensitive than desmolase to AG in vitro, lower doses of AG alone (i.e. without HC) were assessed for endocrine effects in 13 further post-menopausal women with advanced breast cancer. All of these patients tolerated 125 mg AG b.d., but 3 could not tolerate the conventional maximum dose. Oestrone levels on 125 mg AG b.d. were suppressed below pretreatment levels and were not significantly different from those on 500 mg AG b.d. alone, or with the addition of HC. Oestradiol levels were suppressed to a similar extent. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S) levels were not suppressed by AG alone, but fell on addition of HC. The endocrine results show low dose AG alone is an effective and well tolerated inhibitor of the peripheral production of oestrogens in postmenopausal patients. Therapeutic trials are now possible. DHA-S is not a marker of AG effect.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗

PubMed1985

Reproductive endocrine effects of intranasal administration of norethisterone (NET) to women.

Four consecutive menstrual cycles were studied in six healthy parous women. A solvent mixture comprising propylene glycol:ethanol:water (3:3:4) was sprayed intranasally daily using a glass atomizer between days 5 and 24 of the first (control) menstrual cycle. NET was dissolved in the solvent and similarly administered at a daily dose of 100 mcg during the second and third menstrual cycles. Nasal sprays were not administered during the fourth post-treatment cycle. Blood samples were taken during four consecutive cycles between days 8 and 15 and again between days 20 and 24 of the cycle to estimate levels of estradiol (E2), FSH, LH and progesterone (P). These studies revealed that nasal sprays of NET were well accepted and that no adverse clinical effects or menstrual disturbances occurred. NET inhibited ovulation in one cycle. The E2-induced mid-cycle rise in FSH and LH was either suppressed or inhibited in nine out of the 12 treated cycles. P levels in three treated cycles were indicative of luteal inadequacy. These endocrine effects of NET persisted into the post-treatment cycle in two cases.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1992

Clinical and endocrine effects of leuprorelin acetate in pre- and postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer.

Premenopausal Study. Twenty-five pre- or perimenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with leuprorelin acetate 3.75 mg (n = 9) or 7.5 mg (n = 16) every 4 weeks. Serum levels of gonadotrophins and oestrogens were suppressed markedly by both doses and there was no indication that the lower dose was less effective as an oestrogen suppressant. There were four objective responders to the 3.75 mg dose and six to the 7.5 mg dose. Toxicity was confined almost entirely to hot flushes, which occurred in 17 patients. Leuprorelin acetate is therefore an effective agent in the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer patients. There appears to be no major detriment to the use of 3.75 mg rather than the 7.5 mg dose. Postmenopausal Study. Fifteen postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with monthly injections of leuprorelin acetate 7.5 mg to assess the clinical activity and endocrine responses to treatment. None of the 15 patients showed an objective response to treatment, although four patients had stable disease for at least 6 months. Endocrine effects after 4 weeks' treatment included major suppression of serum gonadotrophins to below 10% of pretreatment values and decreases in the level of serum testosterone in 12 of 14 patients. In this group there were no changes in oestradiol levels, although we had previously observed suppression in postmenopausal patients treated with goserelin. In common with other gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues, leuprorelin acetate cannot be recommended as a treatment for postmenopausal breast cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The cardiovascular and endocrine effects of cilazapril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in man.

The cardiovascular and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone effects of cilazapril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor was evaluated in healthy Caucasians in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Cilazapril significantly inhibited plasma ACE activity, with a peak inhibition of 82% at 2 h and a residual inhibition of 41% persisting at 24 h. There was a biphasic and significant hypotensive effect, corresponding temporally to plasma ACE inhibition (P less than 0.02, ANOVA). The hypotensive action was not accompanied by reflex tachycardia. Plasma renin activity rose significantly as a consequence of ACE inhibition (P less than 0.05, ANOVA) but plasma aldosterone was unaltered. Cilazapril is a potent ACE inhibitor with a rapid onset and prolonged duration of antihypertensive and endocrine effects. Studies of the effects on ACE inhibition on the renin-angiotensin system in Africans are required.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Long-term endocrine effects of administration of either a non-steroidal antiandrogen or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist in men with prostate cancer.

The claimed ability of non-steroidal antiandrogens to preserve libido and sexual potency is sought as a potential improvement in the palliative management of prostate cancer. A critical issue for the clinical use of these compounds is, however, the reported evidence in the rat of an excessive increase in testosterone concentrations as a consequence of the androgen negative feedback interruption. On the other hand, the recovery of testicular function after long-term inhibition by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs is also an important concern in view of the proposed use of these compounds for the treatment of several non-malignant conditions. We addressed these issues by studying the long-term endocrine effects induced by the administration of either the non-steroidal antiandrogen nilutamide or the depot preparation of D-Trp6-LHRH in men with prostate cancer. Treatment with the antiandrogen induced a marked increase in gonadotropin levels, LH concentrations rising from a mean (SEM) of 17.5 +/- 1.6 to a maximum of 56.6 +/- 6.9 kU/l (p < 0.001), while mean testosterone and 17 beta estradiol-concentrations rose only by about 50% and 70% over pretreatment values, testosterone levels reaching a plateau after 1 month of treatment. In the subjects treated with the LHRH agonist, 6 months after discontinuation of long-term administration the mean (+/- SEM) LH had risen to 36.9 +/- 6.8 IU/l while mean testosterone levels were still as low as 1.7 +/- 0.7 and rose only to a maximum of 4.2 +/- 1 nmol/l after high-dose human chorionic gonadotropin loadings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1978

Potential endocrine effects of hypothalamic peptide "neurotensin" on pancreas in dogs.

Effects of synthetic neurotensin on the endocrine pancreas were studied in nine normal and six hypophysectomized (10th to 14th day post-hypophysectomy) dogs. Synthetic neurotensin was administered into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, and plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured radioimmunologically. In normal dogs, ten microgram/kg neurotensin administration brought about a mild hyperglycemic response and sharp and rapid increase of plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations in the superior pancreaticoduodenal vein. A biphasic insulin response was noted in the pancreatic vein. The results suggest that a large dose of neurotensin acts directly on the endocrine pancreas causing secretion of these hormones. In hypophysectomized dogs, basal levels of plasma insulin and glucagon were decreased and neurotensin had little effect on the endocrine pancreas even with the administration of a large dose.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Metabolic and endocrine effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich diet were investigated in 17 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. After a 3-month habitual diet period, dietary fats were partly replaced with PUFAs for another 3 months. The PUFA-rich diet increased plasma linoleic acid from 28.36 +/- 1.00% to 33.76 +/- 1.08% (P < 0.002) and alpha-linolenic acid from 0.52 +/- 0.03% to 1.06 +/- 0.10% (P < 0.0001). Fasting glucose increased from 76 +/- 3 to 95 +/- 3 mg/dl (4.2 +/- 0.2 to 5.30.2 mmol/liter; P < 0.0001), and the area under the curve for glucose during oral glucose tolerance test increased from 421 +/- 34 to 503 +/- 31 mg/dl (23.4 +/- 1.9 to 27.9 +/- 1.7 mmol/liter; P < 0.001). Plasma insulin did not change either at fasting or during oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma free fatty acids decreased from 0.596 +/- 0.048 to 0.445 +/- 0.058 mg/dl (P = 0.037), and ketone bodies decreased from 9.14 +/- 1.57 to 3.63 +/- 0.62 mg/dl (895 +/- 154 to 356 +/- 61 micromol/liter; P < 0.003). Plasma 15-deoxyprostaglandin J(2) tended to decrease (from 239 +/- 65 to 171 +/- 60 ng/ml; P = 0.053). Plasma testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, LH, FSH, and urinary estrogen conjugates did not change. Urinary pregnanediol 3-glucuronide increased from 18.6 +/- 2.2 to 31.0 +/- 5.7 micro g/mg creatinine (P = 0.038). In conclusion, increased dietary PUFA intake can exert significant metabolic and endocrine effects in women with PCOS.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Experience in the long-term treatment of patients with hirsutism and/or acne with cyproterone acetate-containing preparations: efficacy, metabolic and endocrine effects.

The effects and side effects of long-term treatment with cyproterone acetate (CPA) are described. Hammerstein's reverse sequential regimen (10 days 100 mg CPA, 21 days 50 micrograms ethinylestradiol (EE)) was used in most cases, although postmenopausal and hysterectomized women received 50 mg CPA/day continuously as monotherapy. The degree of androgenization was assessed in 143 of a total group of 188 women treated from 1968 to the present. The results of the treatment were good or very good in about 75% of hirsutism patients and in more than 90% of acne patients. Adverse events were recorded in 23% of cases. Most were mild and transient, and caused discontinuation of the therapy in only 9% of patients. From this population representing all cases treated and analysed retrospectively, a subgroup of patients was selected for a prospective investigation. Thirty-five patients with good response to CPA and longlasting therapy were included into this 2-year follow-up study; of these, 24 had previously received CPA for 5 or more years, 9 for more than 10 years and 2 for more than 15 years. Treatment in these patients consisted of 5 different regimens of various doses of CPA combined with EE and CPA alone in order to evaluate possible effects of concomitant estrogen treatment as well as a possible dose- or time-dependency of potential side effects. Clinicochemical, metabolic and endocrine parameters were determined at the start and end of the study. The hematological and clinicochemical parameters were within the normal ranges. There was a slight decrease of glucose tolerance and a moderate increase of insulin and C peptide after oral glucose loading. The effects of CPA and EE on lipometabolism were slight and apparently dependent on the dose of CPA and the therapeutic regimen. No suppression of adrenal function or of responsiveness to ACTH was seen. Fasting prolactin levels and serum prolactin concentrations after provocation with metoclopramide did not show any gross deviations. Sonography of the breast and liver did not show any abnormalities apart from adenofibrosis or mastopathy in 2 patients. In conclusion, CPA with or without EE was in our hands an effective and safe method of long-term treatment of hirsutism and/or acne in women.

Acne Vulgaris↗

PubMed1985

Peri-operative endocrine effects of etomidate.

This study investigated the effects of etomidate on endocrine responses to anaesthesia and surgery. Patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy received standard anaesthetics of either etomidate for induction with etomidate infusion, or thiopentone and halothane. Etomidate suppressed the secretion of cortisol and aldosterone for between 8 and 22 hours after the end of the etomidate infusion; 11-deoxycortisol secretion was not suppressed during the etomidate infusion, but rose postoperatively; 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone suppression also lasted only as long as the etomidate infusion. There were no effects on plasma oestradiol, ACTH, or prolactin, but growth hormone concentrations were elevated in the etomidate group. Etomidate was concluded to have influenced adrenocortical function only, where it probably inhibits 11 beta-hydroxylation, 17 alpha-hydroxylation and other intramitochondrial hydroxylation reactions. There were no clinical sequelae attributable to adrenocortical suppression. The relationship of chemical structure of etomidate and other phenylated imidazoles to inhibition of steroidogenesis is discussed.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗

PubMed1995

[Endocrine effects of nicardipine on intraoperative hypertension under droperidol-fentanyl-ketamine (DFK) anesthesia].

Effects of nicardipine on endocrine functions were evaluated in 10 surgical patients who received surgeries under total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine (DFK). Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) were measured following nicardipine injection during 30 minutes of intraoperative hypertension. When the systemic blood pressure exceeded 160 mmHg systolic and 95 mmHg diastolic for five minutes, 0.5 mg approximately 10 mg of nicardipine was administered for 30 minutes to maintain the systolic blood pressure below 160 mmHg. Following the injection of nicardipine a significant reduction by 20% in the mean systolic and diastolic pressure was observed. Mean heart rate increased by 5%, but the increase was not significant. Plasma NE increased significantly 1.7 time from the control level at 15 minute following the injection. Plasma levels of E, PRA, aldosterone and hANP showed no significant changes.

Adult↗