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PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of adjuvant-augmented germling vaccines in turkey poults challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus.

Turkey poults were vaccinated with combinations of two different germling preparations and three adjuvants (N-acetylmuranyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide [LPS], and avridine) at 1 and 2 weeks of age, and their immunity was challenged by sublethal exposure to aerosols of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia at 1 month of age. Fewer turkeys in the groups given vaccines prepared from germlings grown on Dorset's and Henley's medium (D&H) had organisms in lung tissue at 2 weeks after challenge exposure as compared with those vaccinated with germling grown on neopeptone dialysate (Neo). The LPS of P. multocida appeared to be the most efficacious of the adjuvants in the D&H vaccine group, as A. fumigatus was isolated from only one of eight turkeys in this group; the number of organisms per gram of lung tissue was low compared with other vaccine groups at 2 weeks after challenge exposure; and poults given D&H vaccine with LPS as adjuvant had less-severe lung lesions than other groups. These differences in lung lesions were more marked at 2 weeks than at 8 weeks after challenge exposure. The only difference among other parameters in the vaccinated turkeys was lower heterophil counts in the turkeys given D&H-prepared vaccines than in unvaccinated controls. This was probably due to less-severe infections resulting from protective effects of these vaccines.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protective efficacy of vaccines against bovine dermatophytosis after double and single vaccination.

The protective efficacy of two Czech vaccines against bovine Trichophyton verrucosum infection after double vaccination of calves in prophylactic doses, with an interval of 13 days between vaccination and revaccination, was very good. When these preparations were applied in a double dose only once, less protective effect was produced. The use of 0.5% aluminium hydroxide to dilute the vaccines had no influence on the effect of single vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative immunological studies and the determination of the epizootiological effectiveness of Soviet vaccine LTF-130 in trichophytosis].

The immunological response of calves vaccinated against herpes is explained and the epizootic effectiveness of the Soviet vaccine ltf 130 applied in Bulgaria is assessed. The antigenic relation of the vaccine's strain with the agent causing herpes in Bulgaria was revealed by parallel investigation on serum RCB of calves suffering from herpes and of calves vaccinated with ltf 130. The immunological response was assessed by proving the existence of complement binding antibodies. It was found that vaccinated calves react by producing complement binding antibodies up to the 45th day post immunization. During the 1976-1978 year period 62 121 calves and heifers were treated for medicative purposes and 653 666 calves and heifers--for prophylactic purposes. From all vaccine treated animals 95.4-98.8% recovered. No cases of herpes were observed in animals vaccinated prophylactically.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Immunogenicity of Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolated from arctic foxes with ringworm.

Immunogenicity of six strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum isolated from arctic foxes with ringworm was evaluated in guinea pigs and foxes. Two strains of T. mentagrophytes (Tm-3 and Tm-4) out of six examined (Tm-1, Tm-2, Tm-3, Tm-4, Tm-5 and Tm-6) induced in the experimental foxes a strong cellular immune response measured by the leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT), lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), and by skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). The guinea pigs immunised with Tm-3 and Tm-4 were well protected against the artificial infection with the virulent strain of T. mentagrophytes (Tm-9). These two strains of T. mentagrophytes with high immunogenic properties were used for production of a vaccine against ringworm in foxes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Vaccination with recombinant heat shock protein 60 from Histoplasma capsulatum protects mice against pulmonary histoplasmosis.

HIS-62 is a glycoprotein that has been isolated from the cell wall and cell membrane fraction of the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It is a target of the cellular immune response to this fungus, and it protects mice against a lethal intravenous inoculum of H. capsulatum yeast cells. In this study, we cloned the gene encoding this antigen to reveal its biological nature and studied the immunological activity of recombinant antigen. The amino acid sequences of the NH2 terminus and internal peptides were obtained by Edman degradation. Degenerate oligonucleotides were used to isolate a gene fragment of HIS-62 by PCR. One 680-bp segment that corresponded to the known peptide sequence was amplified from H. capsulatum DNA. This DNA was used to screen a genomic library, and the full-length gene was isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene demonstrated approximately 70 and approximately 50% identity to heat shock protein 60 (hsp 60) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and hsp 60 from Escherichia coli, respectively. A cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription PCR and was expressed in E. coli. Recombinant protein reacted with a monospecific polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against native HIS-62, with monoclonal HIS-62-reactive T cells, and with splenocytes from mice immunized with viable yeast cells. Moreover, vaccination with the recombinant protein conferred protection in mice against a lethal intranasal inoculation with yeast cells. Thus, HIS-62 is a member of the hsp 60 family, and the recombinant hsp 60 is protective against pulmonary histoplasmosis in mice.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Yeast wall protein 1 of Candida albicans.

Yeast wall protein 1 (Ywp1, also called Pga24) of Candida albicans is predicted to be a 533 aa polypeptide with an N-terminal secretion signal, a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor signal and a central region rich in serine and threonine. In yeast cultures, Ywp1p appeared to be linked covalently to glucans of the wall matrix, but, as cultures approached stationary phase, Ywp1p accumulated in the medium and was extractable from cells with disulfide-reducing agents. An 11 kDa propeptide of Ywp1p was also present in these soluble fractions; it possessed the sole N-glycan of Ywp1p and served as a useful marker for Ywp1p. DNA vaccines encoding all or part of Ywp1p generated analytically useful antisera in mice, but did not increase survival times for disseminated candidiasis. Replacement of the coding sequence of YWP1 with the fluorescent reporter GFP revealed that expression of YWP1 is greatest during yeast exponential-phase growth, but downregulated in stationary phase and upon filamentation. Expression was upregulated when the extracellular phosphate concentration was low. Disruption by homologous recombination of both YWP1 alleles resulted in no obvious change in growth, morphology or virulence, but the Ywp1p-deficient blastoconidia exhibited increased adhesiveness and biofilm formation, suggesting that Ywp1p may promote dispersal of yeast forms of C. albicans.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a Microsporum canis metalloprotease subunit vaccine in guinea pigs.

In order to identify protective immunogens against Microsporum canis infection, a purified recombinant keratinolytic metalloprotease (r-MEP3) was tested as a subunit vaccine in experimentally infected guinea pigs. Both humoral and cellular specific immune responses developing towards r-MEP3 were evaluated, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by in vitro lymphocyte transformation tests respectively. Vaccination induced a strong antibody response, and a significant but transient lymphoproliferative response against the protein. However, the protocol failed to prevent fungal invasion or development of dermatophytic lesions. These results show that under the present experimental conditions, r-MEP3 specific antibodies are not protective against a challenge exposure. They also suggest that in the same model, the induction of cell-mediated immunity towards r-MEP3 is not sufficient, indicating the need for further research in the field of specific immune mechanisms involved in M. canis dermatophytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Vaccination of mice against invasive aspergillosis with recombinant Aspergillus proteins and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as adjuvants.

In a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with Aspergillus antigens induced the activation of CD4(+) Th1 cells capable of conferring resistance to the infection. Here we show that the combined, local delivery of unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and the Asp f 16 Aspergillus allergen resulted in the functional maturation and activation of airway DCs capable of inducing Th1 priming and resistance to the fungus. Therefore, ODNs act as a potent adjuvant for the vaccine-induced protection against the fungus by promoting dominant Th1 response to Aspergillus antigens and allergens.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Vaccines for the management of dermatophyte and superficial yeast infections.

Efforts have been made to induce protective immunity to the infections caused by dermatophytes, Candida, and Malassezia. The following conclusions can be drawn from the studies reviewed. 1. The research directed toward the management of dermatophyte infections by vaccination have yielded a promising vaccine for prevention of T. verrucosum infections in cattle. 2. A number of investigators have attempted, by various methods and with different immunogenic preparations, to prevent superficial mucocutaneous candidiasis. The results of those investigations do not indicate that a vaccine for prophylaxis of this disease is forthcoming. 3. No vaccination attempts for prevention of pityriasis versicolor have been described.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of protective immunity to coccidioidomycosis.

Coccidioides immitis is endemic in the soil of the desert Southwest. It causes a respiratory infection that is usually mild, but can last months and may disseminate beyond the lung. Disseminated infections can be fatal or require life-long therapy. Development of an effective vaccine may be a successful method of preventing serious disease. In this paper, we show that immunostimulatory-oligodeoxynucleotides (ISS-ODN) are an effective adjuvant for a recombinant coccidioidal protein known as antigen 2/proline rich antigen. Protective immunity induced by this ISS-ODN-based vaccine requires IL-12, interferon-gamma and MHC Class II-restricted T-cells. Cytotoxic CD8 T-cells are not required. This study elucidates the mechanisms needed to elicit successful immunity against coccidioidomycosis, and holds promise for development of an effective coccidioidal vaccine against coccidioidomycosis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗