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PubMed2000

Furazolidone versus metronidazole in quadruple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer disease.

OBJECTIVE: Furazolidone, an old but cheap antibiotic, was shown to be a good alternative to metronidazole in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in areas where metronidazole resistant bacteria are common, but randomized studies are lacking. AIM: A randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy and safety of furazolidone compared to metronidazole in classic quadruple therapy for eradication of H. pylori infection in duodenal ulcer patients. METHODS: Patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer and positive urease test were randomized to receive ranitidine 300 mg, amoxycillin 1000 mg and bismuth subcitrate 240 mg b.d, with either furazolidone 200 mg b.d (RABF), or metronidazole 500 mg b.d. (RABM) for 2 weeks. Compliance and side-effects were monitored and recorded by table diary. H. pylori eradication was assessed at least 4 weeks after the completion of therapy with 14C-urea breath test. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients were enrolled and 101 (59 male, 42 female, mean age=40 +/- 11 years) completed the study. Endoscopic findings and demographic data were comparable in both groups. Intention-to-treat eradication rates were 75% and 55% (P=0.03) and per protocol eradication rates were 82 and 56% (P=0. 006) in the RABF and RABM groups, respectively. Side-effects were reported by 13 patients (27%) in the RABF group (one stopped treatment) compared to five patients (10%) in the RABM group (P=0. 04). CONCLUSION: Quadruple therapy containing furazolidone, instead of metronidazole, results in a significantly higher H. pylori eradication rate in Iranian duodenal ulcer patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

A new quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori using tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate, furazolidone, josamycin and famotidine.

BACKGROUND: In our previous study, a triple therapy using tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB), josamycin and furazolidone achieved a suboptimal cure rate of Helicobacter pylori infection. AIM: To investigate whether the addition of an antisecretory agent raises the cure rate using this regimen. METHODS: One hundred and twenty H. pylori positive patients with peptic ulcer disease or functional dyspepsia were randomly assigned to receive 1-week quadruple therapy of TDB 240 mg b.d., furazolidone 100 mg b.d., josamycin 1000 mg b.d. and famotidine 20 mg b.d. (BFJF group), or triple therapy of TDB 240 mg b.d., furazolidone 100 mg b.d. and clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. (BFC group). H. pylori status was assessed by histology and culture of gastric biopsy specimens before and at least 4 weeks after completion of therapy. RESULTS: Seven patients (three in the BFJF group and four in the BFC group) dropped out. Eradication rates (intention-to-treat/per protocol) were 90%/95% in the BFJF group and 82%/88% in the BFC group, respectively (P > 0.05). Duodenal ulcer healing rates were 94% (16/17) in the BFJF group and 80% (20/25) in the BFC group, respectively (P > 0.05). Mild side-effects occurred in 11 (18%) patients in the BFJF group and 10 (17%) in the BFC group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: One-week quadruple therapy consisting of TDB, furazolidone, josamycin and famotidine achieves a high cure rate of H. pylori infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

The bioavailability of residues of the furazolidone metabolite 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone in porcine tissues and the effect of cooking upon residue concentrations.

Residues of furazolidone in pig tissues have previously been shown to be bioavailable in the rat. However, no specific furazolidone metabolite has been identified in the tissues of a second species. Tissues were taken from pigs that had been treated therapeutically with furazolidone, lyophilized and then fed to female Sprague Dawley rats for 3 days. Protein-bound and solvent-extractable residues containing the side chain metabolite 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) were detected in the liver, kidney and muscle of the rats using HPLC-thermospray mass spectrometry. Furazolidone-contaminated pig tissues which had undergone solvent extraction and thereby contained only bound residues, was fed to two rats. Bound and extractable AOZ was detected in liver, kidney and muscle. Since it is most likely that consumers would eat animal tissue which had been cooked, an experiment was carried out to determine the effects of cooking upon the concentrations of AOZ residues in pig tissues. Total AOZ concentrations were not significantly reduced in liver, kidney or muscle, following frying, grilling or microwaving.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Furazolidone and nitrofurantoin in the treatment of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Furazolidone and nitrofurantoin, oral nitrofuran derivatives with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties already in clinical use, were compared for activity against Pneumocystis carinii in an immunosuppressed rat model of P. carinii pneumonia. Furazolidone exhibited only slight activity as a prophylactic agent but was moderately effective in the therapy of pneumocystosis. The median histologic score and organism count fell from 4+ and 10(8) to 10(9) cysts per lung, respectively, in the controls to 1+ to 2+ and 10(7) to 10(8) cysts per lung, respectively, in the furazolidone-treated groups. However, these results were not as good as those obtained with the standard drug, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (0+, 10(6) to 10(7) cysts per lung). Nitrofurantoin showed little anti-P. carinii activity despite different doses or drug preparations. The high doses of furazolidone used here and their toxic effects on the rats will probably discourage investigation of this drug in the treatment of pneumocystosis in humans. Nevertheless, since many nitrofurans have been synthesized, further exploration of this class of compounds might be helpful in developing new anti-P. carinii agents or in studying structure-activity relationships.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

In vitro effect of tinidazole and furazolidone on metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted protozoan parasite. Although often considered simply a nuisance infection, T. vaginalis has been implicated in premature rupture of placental membranes and increases in the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus. Metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole, is currently the drug of choice to treat T. vaginalis infection. Because some patients have severe reactions to metronidazole and others are infected with metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis, we were prompted to investigate alternative therapies. Tinidazole, another 5-nitroimidazole used in other countries to treat T. vaginalis infections, and furazolidone, a nitrofuran presently used to treat giardiasis and infections with some anaerobic enteric bacteria, were investigated for effectiveness against 9 metronidazole-susceptible and 12 metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis patient isolates. The in vitro aerobic and anaerobic minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) and the time for drug efficacy were determined. Tinidazole killed the metronidazole-susceptible isolates at a low MLC but was effective against only 4 of the 12 metronidazole-resistant isolates. In contrast, furazolidone was effective at a low MLC for all isolates. When tinidazole was effective, it required > 6 h to kill trichomonads. However, furazolidone killed both metronidazole-susceptible and resistant trichomonads within 2 to 3 h of exposure. These data suggest that furazolidone may be a good candidate for treating metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis and that further investigation of this drug is warranted.

Animals↗

PubMed1973

Effects of furazolidone on the infection of Vibrio cholerae by bacteriophage phi149.

Furazolidone in concentrations which had little effect on the growth of host organisms greatly reduced the yield of phage phi149 from the host Vibrio cholerae OGAWA 154. This phage was resistant to the in vitro action of the drug. The phage yield of infected bacteria depended significantly on the time of addition or withdrawal of the drug. The average burst size of the drug-treated and infected bacteria decreased exponentially with increase in drug concentration. The latent period of phage multiplication and also the eclipse period did not change significantly from the control values. A concentration of 0.05 mug of furazolidone per ml inhibited DNA synthesis by about 50% in phage-infected cells and only by about 18% in noninfected ones, relative to the respective controls. RNA and protein synthesis were affected by a much smaller degree both in infected and noninfected cells. Quantitative deduction of the length of furazolidone-treated cells from their phage adsorption characteristics and its agreement with previous electron microscopy data indicated that furazolidone did not affect the phage receptors.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1993

Bioactive polymers 68--controlled release of neomycin-furazolidone bicomponent system from xanthan hydrogel.

The neomycin-furazolidone-xanthan complex has been synthesized. Neomycin is covalently linked to xanthan, while furazolidone is inserted in the hydrogel formed by the reaction between neomycin and xanthan. The content of neomycin and furazolidone depends on the drug rate in the reaction medium. Thus, a zero-order kinetics is obtained for the release of both neomycin and furazolidone in basic medium. The complex's antimicrobial activity is intensified.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗

PubMed1989

A randomized, controlled, single-blind study comparing furazolidone with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the empirical treatment of acute invasive diarrhea.

An outpatient study of 125 children with acute invasive diarrhea was conducted at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez. Through a single-blind randomization, we compared the efficacy of furazolidone, 7.5 mg/kg/day (49 patients), with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 8 mg/40 mg/kg/day (52 patients), each given for 5 days. A control group of 24 patients received no antimicrobials. Stool samples were collected from all patients at the time of admission, and active drugs were administered before the stool culture results were available. At baseline, 48 of 125 patients (38.5%) had negative stool cultures. In the other patients, the most frequently isolated pathogens were Shigella sp and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Of the total population who completed the study 43 of 49 (87.8%) of the patients in the furazolidone group and 43 of 52 (82.7%) of the patients in the TMP-SMX group achieved clinical cure by day 3, compared with 10 of 22 (45.5%) of the patients in the control group. Day 3 cure rates were similar between groups, independent of baseline stool culture results. Of those patients who had positive stool cultures on day 1, 20 of 34 (58.8%) in the furazolidone group and 19 of 29 (65.5%) in the TMP-SMX group had negative culture results on day 6, compared with 4 of 12 (33.3%) in the control group. Overall, clinical and bacteriologic success was achieved in 31 of 49 (63%) patients treated with furazolidone and in 36 of 52 (69%) patients treated with TMP-SMX, compared with 5 of 22 (23%) patients in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1982

Furazolidone in turkey tissues following a 14-day feeding trial.

Feed supplemented with furazolidone was fed to turkeys on a research farm near Modesto, CA. The birds fed furazolidone-medicated feed were housed in isolated pens in a manner to prevent any cross contamination from an adjoining treatment. Furazolidone-medicated feed was supplied to the ration for 14 days prior to withdrawal with two exceptions; the controls were not fed medicated feed, and a 400 g/ton treatment was fed for 24 hr prior to processing. Treatments, representing different withdrawal periods, ranged from 0 to 21 days. Two 400 g/ton treatments with 0-day withdrawal periods were included in the study. One of these treatments involved a 14-day medicated feeding period while the other was for 24 hr. All other treatments were fed medicated feed at the rate of 200 g/ton. Tissue samples from the processed birds included skin, fat, liver, kidney, as well as breast and thigh muscle. No detectable residues were found in any of the liver, kidney, fat, or muscle tissues at any of the withdrawal periods including the 0-day withdrawal groups. Skin tissues contained detectable furazolidone residues only in the 0-day withdrawal treatments, and even these levels were below the 2 ppb level.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of furazolidone absorption and elimination in the body of rats administered prednisolone and butadion].

In experiments set up on rats the dynamics of furazolidone concentration in the organism on its introduction into the stomach in possible combinations with prednisolone and butadion was studied. As evidenced, when in combination with the said drugs the blood furazolidone concentration enhances quite significantly, this being especially ostensible in cases of simultaneous introduction of prednisolone and butadion, mainly because of a delayed elimination of furazolidone with urine. No correlation between the furazolidone concentration dynamics in the gastro-intestinal tract and in the blood was noted.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Differential response in cardiomyopathy of chicks and turkeys to furazolidone toxicity.

Dietary furazolidone (500 ppm or higher) significantly slowed the growth of chicks fed either a conventional or a purified diet and of turkeys fed a conventional diet. Deaths were significantly increased in turkeys fed 500 ppm and in chicks fed 700 ppm in the purified diet. Ratio of heart to body weight was significantly increased by furazolidone in turkeys, but not in chicks. Furazolidone did not induce anemia in either species. Turkeys and chicks differed markedly in cardiac response to toxic levels of furazolidone.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

The efficacy of furazolidone-based quadruple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in Iranian patients resistant to metronidazole-based quadruple therapy.

BACKGROUND: Furazolidone has recently shown promising efficacy in H. pylori eradication and has replaced metronidazole in different eradication regimens especially in countries, like Iran, with high prevalence of metronidazole resistance and where clarithromycin is expensive and hardly available. This study tries to determine the efficacy of a quadruple therapy based on furazolidone as a second line treatment. MATERIAL/METHODS: 90 consecutive patients with a prior history of H. pylori infection who had failed to respond to a 14 day course of metronidazole-based quadruple therapy were included to take a two week quadruple therapy consisting of furazolidone, bismuth subcitrate, amoxicillin and omeprazole. Eradication was described as negative 14C-urea breath test, 4 to 6 weeks after end of the treatment. RESULTS: 89 of 90 patients completed the treatment course. The total eradication rate was 70/89 (78.7%). 35/49 (71.4%) of male patients and 35/40 (87.5%) of female patients had successful eradication. Eradication rate did not have any significant relationship with patient's sex (p>0.05). All patients had at least one upper GI endoscopy before the treatment by which they were categorised into three groups: duodenal ulcer (DU, 78.9%), gastric ulcer(GU, 11.1%) and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD, 10%). Eradication rates was different in these groups, but not significantly (p>0.05). Eradication rate was significantly lower in smokers (p<0.05, OR=3.12). CONCLUSIONS: Furazolidone can replace metronidazole successfully in those patients who have failed to respond to metronidazole-based quadruple therapy and it is well tolerated. We recommend it, especially in countries where clarithromycin is expensive or not available.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Mutations in Helicobacter pylori porD and oorD genes may contribute to furazolidone resistance.

AIM: To determine the rate of furazolidone resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolated from gastric biopsy specimens and to explore the relationship between genetic mutations in porD and oorD genes of H. pylori and its resistance to the antibiotic. METHODS: Gastric biopsy was performed in 83 adult patients aged 31-77 years with gastric complaints. H. pylori was isolated from biopsy specimens of 46 patients. E-test and 2-fold agar dilution method were used to determine the rate of H. pylori resistance to furazolidone. The genes porD and oorD from susceptible and resistant isolates were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and their PCR products were sequenced. RESULTS: Resistance to furazolidone was found in 8.7% of H. pylori isolates and 6 mutations were detected in porD and oorD genes of the resistant isolates. Three mutations--G353A, A356G, and C357T--occurred in porD and the other mutations--A041G, A122G, C349A(G)--occurred in oorD genes. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in 6 amino acids may be associated with the resistance of H. pylori to furazolidone.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

Effect of including lasalocid or monensin singly or in combination with furazolidone on the growth and feed consumption of turkey poults.

Lasalocid and monensin are widely used to control coccidiosis in broilers, but not in turkey poults. Four feeding trials were conducted to determine the performance of turkey poults when these compounds were used singly or in combination with 100 ppm of furazolidone. Bodyweights and feed consumption were significantly depressed for five weeks after hatching by 150 ppm of lasalocid. Combining furazolidone with lasalocid ameliorated the toxic effect of lasalocid. Bodyweights were significantly depressed by 150 ppm of monensin in the fifth week after hatching, but there was no significant depression in feed consumption. Furazolidone exacerbated any toxic effects of monensin. Data indicate that monensin may be used safely at dosages greater than the recommended level of 60 to 99 ppm, but should not be used in combination with furazolidone.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1989

[Comparative study of the effect of wei-yan-ning and furazolidone in the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer caused by pyloric Campylobacter].

Wei-Yan-Ning and Furazolidone were used separately in the treatment of 62 cases of gastritis and gastric ulcer caused by pyloric campylobacteria. The examinations one month later proved, through the gastrofiberscopy and pathological test as well as the urease test, that, among the 40 cases of Wei-Yan-Ning group, there were 25 cures (62.5%), prominent effect for 9 cases (22.5%), improvement for 3 cases (7.5%). The total effective rate was 92.5%. Among the 22 cases of the Furazolidone group, there were 7 cures (31.8%), prominent effect for 5 cases (22.7%), improvement for 4 cases (18.2%). The total effective rate was 72.7%. As for the improvement of symptom, the average time for the Wei-Yan-Ning group was 12.5 +/- 8.12 days; and the Furazolidone group was 21.63 +/- 7.87 days. Therefore, the effect of Wei-Yan-Ning group was superior to that of the Furazolidone group (P less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

A comparison of furazolidone and doxorubicin enhanced free radical chemistry.

Furazolidone and doxorubicin induce dilative cardiomyopathies but are not structurally similar. In order to determine if these drugs might share a common mechanism of action, the free radical based chemistry of these drugs were compared. Furazolidone like doxorubicin stimulates lipid peroxidation in the presence of added iron. However, while furazolidone (50 microM) stimulated lipid peroxidation 2.4 fold, doxorubicin (50 microM) increased lipid peroxidation 10 fold in the presence of iron (50 microM). In contrast, furazolidone was more potent than doxorubicin at stimulating the oxidation of epinephrine and the reduction of cytochrome c when incubated with cardiac sarcosomes. These data demonstrate that while both drugs stimulate free radical chemistry, they differ in their propensity to stimulate iron-dependent (lipid peroxidation) versus iron-independent reactions. Thus differences in the expression of these drugs pathology may be due to differences in their redox chemistry.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Effects of growth-stimulating agents and furazolidone in broiler chicks].

The effect of growth-stimulating agents (15 ppm of virginiamycin, 10 ppm of avoparcin and 12 ppm of nitrovin) and that of seven days' treatment with 300 ppm of furazolidone on the performance of broilers was studied in an experimental study of 9,600 animals. Furazolidone was fed in either the fourth or the fifth week of life and combined with virginiamycin or nitrovin. Non-significant improvements in growth were observed when virginiamycin (1.5 per cent), avoparcin (0.7 per cent) and nitrovin (0.7 per cent) were administered. Treatment with furazolidone for seven days resulted in substantial retardation of growth. When broilers were treated during the fourth week of life, the retardation of growth was largely compensated for during the other two weeks. Treatment in the fifth week of life resulted in lower weights prior to slaughter. Therefore, care should be taken in recommending treatment with furazolidone at the end of the fattening period of broilers.

Animal Feed↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thermal stability of DNA interacting with furazolidone and Cu(II) ions.

Furazolidone, on complexing with DNA, led to its thermal stabilization. The increase in transition temperature of DNA (delta Tm) increased linearly with % A--T content. Increasing concentration of Cu(II) ions progressively lowered the transition temperature of DNA, but Cu(II) ions were not equally effective in lowering the transition temperature of furazolidone-DNA complex. When equimolar amounts of Cu(II) ions and furazolidone were used, the stabilisation effects of furazolidone prevailed over the destabilisation effect of Cu(II) ions.

Animals↗