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Results for “Family Planning, Traditional Methods”

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PubMed2002

Family planning in rural Nigeria: a study among men.

Too few family planning studies in Nigeria have focused on the men. This community-based study determined the level of knowledge, attitude to and the practice of contraception among married men in a rural community in south west Nigeria. The study also identified socio-demographic and other variables associated with male contraceptive use. Knowledge was high for any family planning and any modern family planning method (90.9% and 73.3%). High level of knowledge alone was however not sufficient enough to promote a high level of use. The men's attitude was generally positive. Nearly half (47.3%) of respondents reported that they made family planning decisions with their spouses, though the larger majority thought it was the wife's responsibility to go for family planning. Among the men, 55.7% had ever used, while 26.7% were current users of any method. High level of formal education and duration of marriage (10 years and longer) were predictive of ever-used of a FP method while having fewer than 5 surviving children negatively affected the use of FP methods. Current users of any family planning method were likely to be men with high formal education and with two or more surviving female children. The condom was the most utilized method but traditional methods of unproven efficacy, some of which were hitherto thought to be used only by women, were also widely used. Current use of contraceptives by males in this rural community is lower than what is generally reported for the country and the southwest region. It could be further improved when child survival is assured and when there is an improvement in the general level of education in the community.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral contraception in Bangladesh: social marketing and the importance of husbands.

This is a report on a study that examined the characteristics of three types of commercial providers of oral contraceptives, as well as users and users' husbands. The study also examined how and from whom users and/or their husbands obtain oral contraceptives and instructions for use. The socioeconomic level of providers and user-couples was, on average, higher than for the general population. Husbands were particularly important for obtaining supplies from the commercial sector and acting as instructors. The findings suggest that: a special effort will be required if social marketing techniques are to increase oral contraceptive prevalence among the rural poor in Bangladesh, and family planning researchers and managers should give more attention to husbands in countries where men dominate communication networks.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning in Burkina Faso: results of a survey.

A survey of women of reproductive age was undertaken during April and May 1986 as part of an operations research project in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. Data were collected on respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of contraception. Although the government family planning program had been operating only since February 1985, knowledge of modern methods was surprisingly high, with 64 percent of respondents having ever heard of at least one modern method. Only 4.9 percent, however, were currently using a modern method. Use of traditional methods was high in this traditional society, with 41 percent of women currently practicing abstinence. Both knowledge and current use varied significantly across several background characteristics, the most important of which was education. The respondents were very vocal about their fertility desires regarding both the spacing and limitation of births. Moreover, attitudes toward possible future contraceptive use were extremely positive. These factors may be contributing to the steadily increasing demand for family planning services, which the government program is striving to meet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Folk methods.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Culture↗
PubMed1995

Adolescent contraceptive use and its determinants in Bangladesh: evidence from Bangladesh Fertility Survey 1989.

This study is concerned with contraceptive use among the currently married adolescents in Bangladesh utilizing the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey (BFS) data. The study analyzes the factors affecting the current use of contraception among the adolescents through bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that although adolescents have almost universal knowledge about contraceptive methods, only 15 percent are currently using any method of contraception. The corresponding figures for the adults and for the nation as a whole are 34.4 percent and 31.4 percent, respectively. Among the individual methods currently used by the adolescents, the pill appears as the most popular method, followed by safe period. A substantial proportion of the adolescents were found to rely on the traditional methods of contraception. Among the socio-economic variables (as revealed by the logistic regression analysis), respondents' education, participation in the family planning decision, visit by family planning workers, region of residence, husband's occupation and possession of electricity in the household appear as the most significant factors determining the current use of contraception among the adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Family physicians and the future of fee-for-service payment plans.

The mechanisms by which health care providers in the United States are reimbursed for their services are undergoing dynamic and rapid changes. Traditional fee-for-service payment schemes as the predominant reimbursement methods are declining and are being supplanted by a plethora of different schemes that incorporate prepayment as the mode of compensation for service. A number of trends over the past decade predict that this transference to prepayment will continue in the future and will have a profound impact on the future practice of family medicine. It is important for family medicine educators and practicing family physicians to understand these market forces and trends so they will be better able to alter their training programs and future practices to meet future needs.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMed2005

Contraception within six-month postpartum in rural Vietnam: implications on family planning and maternity services.

OBJECTIVES: This longitudinal study documents contraception practice and factors influencing contraception decision within the first six months postpartum, amongst women residing in the rural Northern Central region of Vietnam. METHODS: A sample of 463 rural women who gave birth during August-October 2002 were recruited and interviewed at one, 16 and 24 weeks postpartum. RESULTS: The proportion of contraceptive users at weeks 16 and 24 were 17% and 43% respectively. At week 24, of contraceptive users, 57% used IUD, 25% used condom, and 14% used traditional methods. Logistic regression analysis found age, sufficient knowledge on contraceptives and husband/partner opinion can significantly affect the contraception decision. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the situation, health authorities should be encouraged to provide counselling on postpartum contraceptive methods during ante- and postnatal care visits. Health education on family planning and breastfeeding should also involve the husband/partner group taking into account local socio-cultural features.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Noncompliance among a group of women using a novel method of contraception.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of noncompliance measured objectively by a home use fertility monitor with the traditional self-reported incidence of compliance in a study of a new method of contraception. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A large family planning clinic in Edinburgh. PATIENT(S): Thirty-two healthy women who took part in a trial assessing the efficacy of a novel method of contraception involving accurately timed administration of a single dose of mifepristone. INTERVENTION(S): Mifepristone was administered orally and a blood sample was collected on the same day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Percentage of missed tests detected by the monitor against the self-reported percentage during the critical period. RESULT(S): Women failed to perform 24.2% (95% confidence interval, 16.5-31.5) of the tests in the 162 cycles analyzed. They missed tests at an absolutely vital time for contraceptive efficacy in 42% of cycles according to the monitor while admitting to missing tests in 14.8%. Poor compliance was associated with younger women, those who discontinued the study before completion, and cycles in which women were not relying on the contraceptive method. CONCLUSION(S): The use of microelectronic monitoring systems may improve our understanding of the extent of patient noncompliance, providing objective information that no other monitoring technique can produce. This understanding provides the opportunity to make the optimum use of potentially effective treatments while validating research evidence.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1993

Family planning practices among Lebanese, Turkish and Vietnamese women in Sydney.

This paper is based on some of the data collected in a fertility and family planning survey conducted in 1988 among a probability sample of 980 married immigrant women in Sydney. The sample consisted of 507 Lebanese, 250 Turkish and 223 Vietnamese women. This study has revealed differences within and between the 3 migrant groups and the general population. Fertility among the 3 groups, but particularly among the Lebanese, was relatively high. While most women understood about birth control, there was a heavy reliance on traditional methods. Incidence of sterilization and hysterectomy was low compared to the general population. Use of abortions as a method of birth control was quite common among the Turkish women. Most women relied on their doctors for contraceptive advice and there was little knowledge and even less use of family planning and women's health centres. The study revealed an unmet need for culturally sensitive family planning information and services to these women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A profile of the adolescent male family planning client.

CONTEXT: Family planning programs and policies increasingly focus on the male partner's roles and responsibilities in contraceptive decision-making and use. To effectively tailor services for males, policymakers and providers must refine their understanding of men's psychosocial and reproductive health needs. METHODS: Using self-administered questionnaires, 1,540 sexually active males aged 19 and younger who attended family planning clinics in California provided information about their sexual behavior, contraceptive use, pregnancy and parenting history, and psychosocial characteristics. Logistic regression was used to examine factors that contributed to effective contraceptive use. RESULTS: Although 73% of participants reported having used a birth control method at first intercourse, only 59% said that they or their partner had used an effective method at last intercourse, and 35% had used no method. If the client was uncomfortable with his method, the odds that he had used an effective method at last intercourse were reduced (odds ratio, 0.4). The likelihood of use at last intercourse was increased among males who agreed with their partner about their method and those who had never impregnated a partner (1.4 and 1.9, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: To adequately serve young males, clinics must take into account their sexual and contraceptive histories. But screening should go beyond traditional family planning techniques to discuss how to improve communication with partners and other lifestyle issues that may interfere with consistent use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Skewed contraceptive method mix: why it happens, why it matters.

Contraceptive prevalence has been central to family planning research over the past few decades, but researchers have given surprisingly little consideration to method mix, a proxy for method availability or choice. There is no 'ideal' method mix recognized by the international community; however, there may be reason for concern when one or two methods predominate in a given country. In this article method skew is operationally defined as a single method constituting 50% or more of contraceptive use in a given country. Of 96 countries examined in this analysis, 34 have this type of skewed method mix. These 34 countries cluster in three groups: (1) sixteen countries in which traditional methods dominate, most of which are in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) four countries in which female sterilization predominates (India, Brazil, Dominican Republic and Panama); and (3) fourteen countries that rely on a single reversible method (the pill in Algeria, Kuwait, Liberia, Morocco, Sudan and Zimbabwe; the IUD in Cuba, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan; and the injectable in Malawi). A review of available literature on method choice in these countries provides substantial insight into the different patterns of method skew. Method skew in some countries reflects cultural preferences or social norms. Yet it becomes problematic if it stems from restrictive population policies, lack of access to a broad range of methods, or provider bias.

Contraceptive Devices, Female↗
PubMed2001

Cervical neoplasia risk in women provided hormonal contraception without a Pap smear.

The study was conducted to determine whether women using a demonstration program providing hormonal birth control without concurrent pelvic examination (First Stop) are at higher risk of cervical neoplasia compared to women using traditional family planning clinics. Using retrospective ion of medical charts, we compared risk factors for cervical neoplasia among 400 First Stop clients and 400 traditional site clients matched on age, race, and contraceptive method. We determined prevalence of these factors: previous abnormal cervical smear, <16 years at first intercourse, multiple sexual partners, high parity, history of sexually transmitted infections, and current cigarette smoking. First Stop clients were not at greater likelihood of having any risk factor for cervical neoplasia except high parity. First Stop clients who failed to follow through on a referral to a traditional clinic were not more likely to be of higher risk than those who did follow through. Of 13 First Stop clients with the highest risk profiles (previous abnormal cervical smear plus one other risk factor), one did not follow through with referral. First Stop clients choosing hormonal contraception without a pelvic examination do not appear to be at substantially higher risk of cervical neoplasia. Future research should quantify more precisely the risks and benefits of the general application of this strategy on a population level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Family planning: cultural and religious perspectives.

The world population explosion has caused political leaders to look upon national and regional birth control projects as vital. Support for regulation of individual fertility has been evident in all cultures, and at all times, even in those societies in which social and religious rules have favoured the abundant production of children. As the secularization of Western society and scientific enquiry gained momentum during the modern period, knowledge of reproduction increased and was applied to control human population growth. The various methods of contraception and their development through the years from the ancient ideas to the modern era are presented. Each approach to fertility control has its advantages and disadvantages. No one method is perfect for everyone, for every clinical setting, and in every culture. Higher levels of fertility have been associated with 'traditional', religious prohibitions on some forms of birth control, 'traditional' values about the importance of children and the priority of family, and 'traditional' family and gender roles reinforced by religion. The attitude of the main religious groups to contraceptive practice is discussed.

Contraception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a clinic strategy appropriate to community family planning needs and practices: an experience in Lagos, Nigeria.

In Southern Nigeria, desired birth intervals, typically two to three years in length, have been achieved largely through the traditional practices of breastfeeding and sexual abstinence. In order to make the most effective use of both traditional practices and modern contraception, the Lagos Family Health Clinic, after analyzing responses on family planning in their 1975 health survey, developed strategies to facilitate introduction of modern family planning methods during the weaning period. These programs include regular home visits to mothers of preschool children; family planning clinic counseling at the time of weaning; and the organizing of a fathers's club to provide education about the clinic's program.

Adolescent↗