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Evaluation of serum specific IgE and skin responsiveness to allergenic extracts of Oleaceae pollens (Olea europaea, Fraxinus excelsior and Ligustrum vulgare) "in patients with respiratory allergy.

In the last few years an increasing interest for Olea europaea (O.e.) pollen has been developed in many countries. Several authors have studied the aerobiological, allergenic, epidemiological and clinical features of this pollinosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate cutaenous and serological responses to other oleaceae pollens allergens (Ligustrum vulgare (L.v.) and Fraxinus excelsior (F.e.) in patients with skin positivity to Olea europaea pollen extract. Twenty-three atopic rhinitis and/or asthmatic patients living in Naples area and with immediate positive skin reaction only to O.e. pollen extract were examined. Patients were tested by skin prick test (SPT) for O.e., F.e. and L.v. with glycerinated allergenic extracts. Serum enzyme immunoassay for the same allergens was also performed. We found a statistically significant correlation between the results of SPT and of specific IgE assay for Oleaceae pollens as well as between the results of the in vivo vs in vitro tests. We suggests the utility, in patients with O.e. pollinosis who travel in Northern europe, to plan SPT and/or specific IgE determinations also with F.e. and L.v. allergenic extracts for the possibility of developing a nasal and/or bronchial symptomatology after the inhalation of these pollen grains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A combination of Populus tremula, Solidago virgaurea and Fraxinus excelsior as an anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drug. A short review.

Anti-inflammatory properties of Populus tremula are mainly deduced from its components, the well investigated salicylates. Solidago extracts have spasmolytic, antihypertensive and diuretic effects. Fraxinus excelsior itself has hardly been investigated, but its coumarin components proved to have a variety of pharmacological properties, i.e. inhibition of T-cell activation and of the arachidonic acid cascade. Phytodolor N (abbreviated as PD) is a combination of the above mentioned plants. Various in vitro and especially in vivo studies proved its anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic properties, often comparable to non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, but with little or no side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase activity by alcoholic extracts from Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula and Solidago virgaurea.

Aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Fraxinus excelsior, Populus, tremula and Solidago virgaurea in a combination of 1: 3: 1 (v/v/v) are the components of the plant drug Phytodolor N (abbreviated as PD), which exhibits antipyretic, analgesic and antirheumatic activity. Similar to a broad variety of synthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatories the mentioned plant extracts inhibit dihydrofolate reductase. The following concentrations as percentage in the test volumes represent the individual I50-values: F. excelsior = 0.26% (v/v); P. tremula = 0.46% (v/v) and S. virgaurea = 0.6% (v/v). The combined extracts in PD exhibit an I50 at 0.3% (v/v). Testing the activity of the water-soluble compounds of corresponding dry extracts, the activity of F. excelsior with an apparent I50-value of 0.008% (w/v) by far dominates the inhibitory overall effect of the combination (I50 = 0.014%, w/v).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Antioxidative properties of alcoholic extracts from Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula and Solidago virgaurea.

Aqueous-ethanolic extracts from Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula and Solidago virgaurea inhibit biochemical model reactions representing inflammatory situations to various extents. These model reactions include xanthine oxidase, diaphorase in the presence of the autoxidizable quinone juglone, lipoxygenase and photodynamic reactions driven by riboflavin or rose bengal. The tested extracts are the components of the phytomedicine Phytodolor N (abbreviated as PD) which possesses antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory and antirheumatic activity. Since several reactive oxygen species produced by the mentioned model systems are also involved in inflammatory processes, the beneficial activities of the complete drug may at least in part be due to the reported antioxidative functions of the individual components.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Isolation of the main allergen Fra e 1 from ash (Fraxinus excelsior) pollen: comparison of the natural and recombinant forms.

BACKGROUND: Fra e 1 is a major allergen for ash pollen-sensitized individuals in northern and central Europe. It belongs to the Ole e 1-like family and displays high cross-reactivity with taxonomically related members. OBJECTIVES: To isolate and characterize natural Fra e 1 (nFra e 1) from ash pollen and to compare its structural, antigenic, and allergenic properties with those of its recombinant form (rFra e 1). METHODS: The allergen was isolated by means of gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns. Molecular characterization was performed by means of Edman degradation, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, concanavalin A lectin reaction, and anti-horseradish peroxidase polyclonal antibody. Immunologic characterization was performed using immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, inhibition experiments, and histamine release assays with serum samples from allergic patients with well-known reactivity to Fra e 1 or Ole e 1 and with polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies against Ole e 1. The protein used as a reference was rFra e 1, which was produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. RESULTS: Purified nFra e 1 appeared as 5 variants with different glycosylation degrees. Both nFra e 1 and rFra e 1 were equivalently folded as deduced from the spectroscopic analysis using circular dichroism. Both molecules share the antigenic and allergenic epitopes after the purification process, and the glycan group of nFra e 1 is a potential epitope. Natural Fra e 1 displayed strong cross-reactivity with Ole e 1. CONCLUSIONS: Natural Fra e 1 is a heterogeneously glycosylated protein with high allergenic relevance. It displays structural, antigenic, and allergenic similarity with rFra e 1. Both proteins could be used for clinical purposes.

Allergens↗
PubMed2002

The allergen profile of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) pollen: cross-reactivity with allergens from various plant species.

BACKGROUND: Ash, a wind-pollinated tree belonging to the family Oleaceae, is distributed world-wide and has been suggested as a potent allergen source in spring time. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the profile of allergen components in ash pollen in order to refine diagnosis and therapy for patients with sensitivity to ash pollen METHODS: The IgE reactivity profile of 40 ash pollen-allergic patients was determined by immunoblotting. Antibodies raised to purified pollen allergens from tree and grass pollens were used to identify cross-reactive structures in ash pollen extract. IgE immunoblot inhibition studies were performed with recombinant and natural pollen allergens to characterize ash pollen allergens and to determine the degree of cross-reactivity between pollen allergens from ash, olive, birch, grasses and weeds. RESULTS: The allergen profile of ash pollen comprises Fra e 1, a major allergen related to the major olive allergen, Ole e 1, and to group 11 grass pollen allergens, the panallergen profilin, a two EF-hand calcium-binding protein, a pectinesterase-like molecule and an allergen sharing epitopes with group 4 grass pollen allergens. Thus, the relevant allergens of ash are primarily allergens that share epitopes with pollen allergens from other tree, grass and weed species. CONCLUSIONS: Allergic symptoms to ash pollen can be the consequence of sensitization to cross-reactive allergens from other sources. The fact that ash pollen-allergic patients can be discriminated on the basis of their specific IgE reactivity profile to highly or moderately cross-reactive allergens has implications for the selection of appropriate forms of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Nuclear microsatellites reveal contrasting patterns of genetic structure between western and southeastern European populations of the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.).

To determine extant patterns of population genetic structure in common ash and gain insight into postglacial recolonization processes, we applied multilocus-based Bayesian approaches to data from 36 European populations genotyped at five nuclear microsatellite loci. We identified two contrasting patterns in terms of population genetic structure: (1) a large area from the British Isles to Lithuania throughout central Europe constituted effectively a single deme, whereas (2) strong genetic differentiation occurred over short distances in Sweden and southeastern Europe. Concomitant geographical variation was observed in estimates of allelic richness and genetic diversity, which were lowest in populations from southeastern Europe, that is, in regions close to putative ice age refuges, but high in western and central Europe, that is, in more recently recolonized areas. We suggest that in southeastern Europe, restricted postglacial gene flow caused by a rapid expansion of refuge populations in a mountainous topography is responsible for the observed strong genetic structure. In contrast, admixture of previously differentiated gene pools and high gene flow at the onset of postglacial recolonization of western and central Europe would have homogenized the genetic structure and raised the levels of genetic diversity above values in the refuges.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed2000

Ozone exposure-response relationships for biomass and root/shoot ratio of beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).

Current-year seedlings of beech, ash, Norway spruce and Scots pine were exposed during one growing season to different, but moderate, ozone (O(3)) scenarios representative for Switzerland (50, 85, 100% ambient, 50% ambient+30 nl l(-1)) in open-top chambers (OTCs) and to ambient O(3) concentrations in the field. Biomass significantly decreased with increasing O(3) dose in all species except for spruce. Losses of 25.5% (ash), 17.4% (beech), 9.9% (Scots pine) were found per 10 microl l(-1) h accumulated O(3) exposure over a threshold concentration of 40 nl l(-1) during daylight hours (AOT40). Ratios of root/shoot biomass (RSR) also significantly decreased with increasing AOT40 levels in beech and ash, but not in Norway spruce and Scots pine. The data show that the deciduous species beech and ash were more susceptible to O(3) with respect to RSR and biomass than the coniferous species Norway spruce and Scots pine.

Journal Article↗