SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Future perspectives”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Electronic documentation in endoscopy: present status and future perspectives from a company standpoint.

At the beginning of the development of endoscopic information systems all companies were technology-oriented. Today, we see a change from technology to content orientation, the same development which is seen in internet technology. In future systems, it will not be the software that makes a difference but the contents. Contents means not only patient data but also algorithms for feature extraction within large databases with reference images, for example [20]. The automatic recognition of features, such as a complication rate that is too high or a correlation of a certain disease with an endoscopic finding, will be part of a content-based approach. It means that content will also be the knowledge base which has to be developed for future systems. The system of the future will be much more intelligent and less software technology-oriented.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Applications of telemedicine and telecommunications to disaster medicine: historical and future perspectives.

Disaster management utilizes diverse technologies to accomplish a complex set of tasks. Despite a decade of experience, few published reports have reviewed application of telemedicine (clinical care at a distance enabled by telecommunication) in disaster situations. Appropriate new telemedicine applications can improve future disaster medicine outcomes, based on lessons learned from a decade of civilian and military disaster (wide-area) telemedicine deployments. This manuscript reviews the history of telemedicine activities in actual disasters and similar scenarios as well as ongoing telemedicine innovations that may be applicable to disaster situations. Emergency care providers must begin to plan effectively to utilize disaster-specific telemedicine applications to improve future outcomes.

Disasters↗

PubMed2005

[Positron emission tomography (PET)--current state of the art and future perspectives].

Over the last years, PET has developed rapidly, with the most relevant indications being in oncologic imaging. Particularly since the introduction of PET-CT it is suggested that PET will become the imaging standard in oncologic staging and therapy monitoring in the near future in many tumors. This is due to the fact that PET measures molecular events such as glucose uptake and metabolism rather than anatomical changes. Despite this, anatomical information is frequently relevant for precise staging: hence, PET in the form of PET-CT is rapidly becoming the preferred way of imaging. In 2004, there were around 8000 PET examinations performed in Switzerland. A steady further increase is expected with around 2000 to 3000 PET examinations necessary per one million inhabitants per year. Other indications for PET are in neuro-, cardio- and inflammation imaging with substantial growth potential in all fields. The next promising clinical application of PET-CT may well be integrated PET-CT of the heart for the representation of coronary anatomy combined with quantitative myocardial perfusion as "cardiac-one-stop-shop".

Energy Metabolism↗

PubMed1990

[Cardiac positron emission tomography--current status and future perspectives].

Positron emission tomography (PET) permits the non-invasive examination of myocardial metabolism. At present, combined imaging of myocardial blood flow and glucose metabolism are used to distinguish viable myocardium from scar tissue, which is particularly important for deciding on therapeutic interventions. In the future, further indications for PET imaging are foreseeable, with refined imaging techniques and development of new tracer substances. Tracers for assessment of adrenergic and muscarinic myocardial receptor density, as well as new positive markers of myocardial ischemia are currently being explored. Labeled amino acids are being employed for assessment of protein metabolism. Finally, C-11 acetate as a tracer of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and myocardial oxygen consumption has been suggested for clinical use in initial studies in man.

Coronary Circulation↗

PubMed1998

The role of a scientific society in physiology education: current and future perspectives.

As a professional society of physiologists involved in research and teaching, the American Physiological Society (APS) is "...devoted to fostering education, scientific research, and the dissemination of information in the physiological sciences." Established long-range goals for education guide the development of current and future programs at all education levels. K-12 outreach programs develop working relationships between physiologists and K-12 teachers within local communities and improve the quality of precollege science education. At the undergraduate level, APS programs foster excellence in physiology education and promote student interest in physiology careers. At the graduate level, activities promote excellence in graduate training and the professional development of students, including a focus on underrepresented groups. At each of these levels, the Society includes activities for the continuing education of its members. Looking to the future, the Society plans to expand the programs and resources offered to researchers and educators at all levels. On-line programs, resources, and communications have been initiated and will play an even more important role in the future.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Neonatal screening in Denmark. Status and future perspectives].

In Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland, comprehensive screening of newborns for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism has been carried out for 20 years. The screening programme has detected 98 and 356 patients, respectively, corresponding to incidences of 1:12,000 and 1:3,400. The future savings on health care expenditures resulting from one year of neonatal screening are estimated to be 196 million DKK in present day value, which is 28 times higher than the cost of screening. The screening samples are stored in a biobank, which is used in diagnosis of congenital diseases and infant deaths and for development of future screening methods. It is desirable to expand the existing screening programme to include a range of rare inherited metabolic diseases, which collectively are frequent. This is realistic with the advent of tandem mass spectrometry, which allows cost-effective simultaneous screening for a group of inborn errors of metabolism.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed1998

Quality circles in ambulatory care: state of development and future perspective in Germany.

OBJECTIVE: To survey the quantitative development of quality circles (peer review groups; QC) and their moderators in ambulatory care in Germany, to describe approaches to documentation and evaluation, to establish what types of facilities and support is available and to assess opinions on the future importance of QC. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey using a standardized questionnaire and supplementary telephone interviews. SETTING: All 23 German regional Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (ASHIP) were surveyed. RESULTS: The total number of QC in ambulatory care in Germany increased rapidly from 16 in 1993 to 1633 in June 1996, with about 17% (range 1.0-52.1%) of all practicing physicians (112 158) currently involved. Throughout Germany, 2403 moderators were trained in 168 training courses by the qualifying date. Follow-up meetings were held or being planned in 20 ASHIP, with approximately 39% (23-95%) of the moderators participating. Systematic documentation of QC work was undertaken or planned in all 23 ASHIIP, and 10 ASHIP carried out comparative evaluation, with at least five others planning to start it. The ASHIP promoted the work of QC by providing organizational (22) or financial (20) support, materials (20) or mediation of resource persons (16). Eleven ASHIP received grants from drug companies. ASHIP rated the future importance of QC as increasing (18) or stable (four), but in no case as decreasing. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The quantitative growth of QC in Germany is encouraging, but the extent of support and evaluation appears insufficient. Increased methodological support and facilitation, follow-up meetings on a more regular basis, improved documentation and evaluation of individual QC, and problem oriented evaluation of their impact on health care are essential for further successful development. Principles, problems and solutions discussed may be relevant for similar QI activities in other countries.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed2001

Revised hypothesis and future perspectives.

Results from space have been unexpected and not predictable from the results of ground-based simulations. Therefore, the concept of how weightlessness and gravity modulates the regulation of body fluids must be revised and a new simulation model developed. The main questions to ask in the future are the following: Does weightlessness induce a diuresis and natriuresis during the initial hours of space flight leading to an extracellular and intravascular fluid volume deficit? Can sodium in excess be stored in a hitherto unknown way, particularly during space flight? Why are fluid and sodium retaining systems activated by spaceflight? Why are the renal responses to saline and water stimuli in space attenuated compared with those of ground simulations? How can the effects of weightlessness on fluid and electrolyte regulation be correctly simulated on the ground? The information obtained from space may be of relevance to fluid and electrolyte balance in edematous patients.

Blood Volume↗

PubMed1989

Regulation of topical antimicrobials: history, status and future perspective.

Antimicrobial agents used as disinfectants and antiseptics are increasing in epidemiologic importance. The regulation of topical antiseptics has ranged from nonexistent, lax and confusing to inclusion in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over-the-counter (OTC) review of drug ingredients. This article simplifies the complex history, current status and future possibilities for the hospital use of topical antiseptic products.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical rehabilitation of disability insurance--determination of the status and future perspectives].

The legal prerequisites for medical rehabilitation offered by the pension insurance institutions are described. The definition of position includes the attitude towards applying for rehabilitation and its repercussions on the selection of rehabilitation, specific questions with regard to expert opinion, the indications for general medical rehabilitation measures and the changes within the concept of rehabilitation. Future possibilities are shown. Some examples of rehabilitation measures relating to specific indications are chosen to demonstrate successes and problems in this regard. Finally, the present state of research in rehabilitation and its future development are considered.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1985

[Progress of Japan Mammary Cancer Society and future perspectives].

One of the important past achievements of the Japan Mammary Cancer Society was the establishment of the general rule for clinical and pathological record of mammary cancer. The past two decades have seen major changes in our understanding of the biology of the breast cancer as well as in diagnosis and management. The prediction of the future is extremely difficult. However, there is a future need to develop tests of tumor and host potential for spread. A future goal of chemotherapy selectivity would be to develop ways of testing for drug selection.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1999

Treatment of multiple sclerosis: recent trials and future perspectives.

In the past year, further evidence establishing the usefulness of beta interferons and glatiramer in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has been advanced. Interferon-beta-1b was also shown to be efficacious in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. This and other trials of symptomatic treatments are reviewed. Based on an appraisal of recent experimental studies, future promising approaches to intervene in the chain of immunopathogenetic events are discussed.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMed1999

Intraoperative myocardial protection: current trends and future perspectives.

BACKGROUND: The results of contemporary coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) are excellent. However, recently changing trends in the population at risk have necessitated new measures to minimize perioperative morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We reviewed cardioplegic innovations developed, evaluated, and currently employed at the Toronto Hospital. In addition, we conducted an evaluation of novel cardioplegic formulations, with an eye towards future clinical applications. RESULTS: At the Toronto Hospital, we demonstrated that blood provided better protection than crystalloid cardioplegia. Subsequently, we found that a terminal infusion of warm blood cardioplegia repleted myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and improved postoperative ventricular function. Recently, we reported that tepid (29 degrees C) cardioplegia reduced lactate and acid production during cardioplegic arrest, and improved postoperative ventricular function. Combining antegrade and retrograde cardioplegic delivery reduced lactate production, preserved ATP stores, and improved metabolic recovery after cross-clamp release. Cardioplegic flows of at least 200 mL/min were required to washout detrimental metabolic end-products and improve ventricular function. To further optimize myocardial protection, attempts have been made to harness the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning using adenosine. Similarly, insulin cardioplegia has been employed in order to enhance ventricular performance by stimulating early postoperative aerobic metabolism. Finally L-arginine, a nitric oxide donor has been demonstrated to be beneficial in experimental studies and may represent a further option for the enhancement of intraoperative myocardial protection. CONCLUSIONS: Despite continued improvements in cardioplegic techniques, low output syndrome following high-risk CABG remains an ongoing concern. The development of novel additives with various protective properties may provide added protection, allowing for a reduction morbidity and mortality following CABG.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1992

Review of calcitonin: future perspectives and new opportunities in therapy.

The calcitonins are a family of hormones with diverse pharmacologic and therapeutic effects. They have extensive interactions with many cellular and physiologic systems. Currently, the calcitonins have a well-established role in the treatment of bone and mineral disorders and have gained respect in the international community with regard to their usefulness as analgesic agents. Future investigations will reveal the pluripotent therapeutic role of the calcitonins in clinical medicine.

Analgesia↗

PubMed1984

Health services, health manpower, and universities in relation to health for all: an historical and future perspective.

The World Health Organization's goal of Health for All by the Year 2000 (HFA) has become a major force in national and international health policies. This paper deals with some of the historical roots of HFA and describes ways in which the major components of the health sector--health services, manpower, and universities--have evolved and should evolve in the future if they are to support the idea of HFA. One conclusion is that the changes called for in relation to HFA are not simply incremental extensions of previous values, structures, and functions. Rather a radical break with the past is often required. To expect otherwise is to misunderstand how fundamentally the concepts of HFA differ from values that have governed the health sector in the past. A second conclusion is that recent decades have seen a remarkable progression of new ideas and changes in the health sector, so much so that the changes called for by HFA are not so improbable as one might otherwise think.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed2006

Future perspectives of selective estrogen receptor modulators used alone and in combination with DHEA.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and the second cause of cancer death in women, thus making breast cancer a most feared disease. Since breast cancer metastasizes early and it is unlikely that improvements in the treatment of metastatic disease could permit a cure in most cases in the foreseeable future, it is clear that prevention is essential in order practically to eliminate deaths from breast cancer. Tamoxifen is the only selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) currently registered for use in breast cancer prevention; the tamoxifen versus raloxifene study should indicate the efficacy of this compound compared with raloxifene. The recent benefits of aromatase inhibitors over tamoxifen indicate the advantages of a blockade of estrogens more complete than the one achieved with tamoxifen, a SERM having some estrogenic activity in the mammary gland and an even higher estrogenic action in the uterus. However, it is unlikely that the general estrogen ablation achieved with aromatase inhibitors will be acceptable for the long-term use required for prevention. It is thus important to develop SERMs with highly potent and pure antagonistic activity in the mammary gland and uterus while possessing estrogen-like activity in tissues of particular importance for women's health, namely the bones and the cardiovascular system. However, it is expected that a SERM alone will not meet all the requirements of women's health at the postmenopause when ovarian estrogen secretion has ceased and peripheral formation of androgens and estrogens from DHEA by intracrine mechanisms is decreased by 60% or more. One possibility is to combine a SERM with DHEA, a precursor of sex steroids that permits, somewhat like SERMs, tissue-specific formation of androgens and/or estrogens according to the level of expression of the steroidogenic and steroid-inactivating enzymes. DHEA could thus compensate for the important loss of androgens that accompanies aging and could also permit sex steroid formation and action in the brain while breast cancer prevention would be achieved by the SERM.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1990

[Dental concerns and oral health in population of Greece--future perspectives].

With a profusion of statistical data the authors describe the dental service in Greece, pointing out in particular the difference between the facilities available in the cities and in the country. This is followed by details of the dental insurance system, epidemiological data on the oral health of the population, and examples of prophylactic dentistry. The article concludes with some thoughts on the outlook for the future.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Windows into development: historic, current, and future perspectives on transgenic zebrafish.

The recent explosion of transgenic zebrafish lines in the literature demonstrates the value of this model system for detailed in vivo analysis of gene regulation and morphogenetic movements. The optical clarity and rapid early development of zebrafish provides the ability to follow these events as they occur in live, developing embryos. This article will review the development of transgenic technology in zebrafish as well as the current and future uses of transgenic zebrafish to explore the dynamic environment of the developing vertebrate embryo.

Animals↗