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PubMed1981

Radioimmunological determination of insulinlike growth factors I and II in normal subjects and in patients with growth disorders and extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia.

Serum levels of immunoreactive insulinlike growth factors (IGF) I and II were determined by a modified IGF I and a new IGF II radioimmunoassay in normal children and adults, and in patients with acromegaly, isolated growth hormone deficiency, and extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia. Serum samples were gel filtered by a simple routine procedure at acidic pH to dissociate and separate IGF from the IGF carrier protein. Mean immunoreactive IGF I levels (+/- SD; corrected for crossreactivity of IGF II) were 193 +/- 58 ng/ml in normal adult subjects, 712 +/- 245 ng/ml in acromegalic patients and 24 +/- 14 ng/ml in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency. The lack of growth hormone alone, irrespective of an otherwise normal hormonal status, appears to be responsible for the drastic decrease of IGF I levels. Oversecretion of growth hormone does not increase the levels of immunoreactive IGF II: mean levels (+/- SD; corrected for crossreactivity of IGF I) in normal and acromegalic subjects are virtually identical (647 +/- 126 and 641 +/- 189 ng/ml, respectively). Apparently, normal growth hormone levels stimulate IGF II production already maximally. However in growth hormone deficiency immunoreactive IGF II is significantly decreased (252 +/- 99 ng/ml). Thus, IGF II, like IGF I, is growth hormone dependent. But in contrast to IGF I, the growth hormone dependence of IGF II seems to become apparent only at subnormal growth hormone levels. In normal children IGF I is age dependent: it is low in newborn cord sera (51 +/- 20 ng/ml) and gradually rises into the adult range with increasing age. At the onset of and during puberty mean IGF I levels lie above prepubertal values. In contrast, IGF II levels in normal children are independent of age and pubertal stage beyond the first year of life, whereas newborns have significantly lower IGF II values. Hypoglycemia resulting from extrapancreatic tumors is not associated with increased immunoreactive IGF I or II levels. IGF I is decreased in most of the sera (mean level +/- SD:56 +/- 39 ng/ml) whereas IGF II lies in the normal range (556 +/- 195 ng/ml).

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2004

Study of abdominal circumference proportions in fetuses with growth disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Abdominal circumference is the ultrasound parameter that best correlates with fetal growth. The purpose of this study was to assess whether its proportions change in cases of growth disorders. METHODS: Using the abdominal protuberance ratio(APR) described in a previous paper, the abdominal circumference in fetuses affected by macrosomia and growth retardation was studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In both cases, a major tendency to a normal APR was observed, revealing that abdominal circumference in macrosomic and growth-retarded fetuses changes as a whole, probably reflecting a global action of the factors participating in growth promotion or restriction. In cases of macrosomia, the minor slide to a high APR could reveal the specificity of the storage organs situated anteriorly in the abdomen. Otherwise, in cases of growth retardation, the slight tendency to a high APR would reveal a special reduction in the abdominal circumference in the posterior part of its surface, probably as a consequence of the flow redistribution mechanism.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

Equilibrium of anchored interfaces with quenched disordered growth.

The roughening behavior of a one-dimensional interface fluctuating under quenched disorder growth is examined while keeping an anchored boundary. The latter introduces detailed balance conditions which allows for a simple but thorough analysis of equilibrium aspects at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. It is found that the interface roughens linearly with the substrate size only in the vicinity of special disorder realizations. Otherwise, it remains stiff and tilted.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin-like growth factor-I treatment of growth disorders, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has many potential therapeutic uses because of its varied effects--growth promotion, insulin-like influence on glucose metabolism, and neuroprotection resulting from cell-proliferative and antiapoptotic properties--but they have not been investigated systematically in clinical situations. The growth-promoting effect of recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) in the extensively studied growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS; Laron syndrome) signifies an endocrine role for the GH-IGF system. The metabolism of (adult) patients with severe insulin resistance is improved by rhIGF-I, which--together with insulin therapy--also improves metabolic control in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Further studies on IGF-I metabolic effects and growing understanding of the IGF-I-IGF-binding protein system could open new therapeutic avenues.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

[The significance of radioimmunoassay for the diagnosis of growth disorders in childhood (author's transl)].

The fact, that peripheral concentrations of most hormones, including growth hormone, are in the nano- and picomole range, requires the use of very sensitive analytical methods for their determination. Radioimmunoassays are most widely used for this purpose as they fulfill the criteria of high sensitivity and reliability. This paper briefly summarizes the principle of radioimmunoassays and the application of such tests for the diagnosis of growth disturbances in children.

Child↗
PubMed1982

[Estimation of bone maturation and calculations of prediction of adult height as tools for the evaluation of growth disorders (author's transl)].

The methods of estimation of bone maturation (Greulich & Pyle. Tanner et al.) and the possibilities for the calculation of future adult height (Bayley & Pinneau, Roche et al., Tanner et al.) are briefly described and their advantages and disadvantages in normal children and in children with growth disorders are discussed. In normal children, all methods provide valuable results, but there are small differences of precision depending on whether the pubertal development is early, average, or late. In pathological conditions, however, as e.g. in precocious puberty or in girls with Turner syndrome, the methods of Roche et al. and of Tanner et al. may overestimate adult height considerably, while that Bayley & Pinneau remains reasonably accurate. A computerized system, which facilitates the complicated and time-consuming calculations is briefly presented.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗