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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

A longitudinal study of morphological craniofacial patterns via P-A x-ray headfilms in cleft patients from birth to six years of age.

652 P-A X-ray headfilms of 51 unilateral cleft lip and palat, UCLP; 27 bilateral cleft lip and palate, BCLP; and 62 isolated cleft palate, CP were studied longitudinally at 0-3 months, 4-6 months, and annually from 1:0-6:0 years. Breadth change, height change, and growth direction of nine paired landmarks were investigated by means of the rectangular coordinate system with right to left zygomatico-frontal suture (Zf) point line as the X-axis and the perpendicular line to this X-axis at the mid-point between the right and left Zf points as the X-axis. Major findings were: (1) Study of Sphenoid body, interorbital, bizygomatico-frontal suture, and bizygomatic arch breadths showed that BCLP had a significantly broader face than either UCLP or CP. An apparent tendency to hypertelorism still remained at 6:0 in this group while UCLP and CP groups were both close to the Bolton Standards. (2) Nasal and maxillary bredths of BCLP and UCLP were significantly wider during the first year than in CP, but they showed only a slight growth change after the age of one year, compared to constant growth in CP. (3) All marked structural differences disappeared by 6:0 suggesting the effects of lip and/or palate surgery. (4) A slight cross-bite was found in UCLP and BCLP, but there was no such cross-bite in CP. (5) The effect of clefting was seen in mandibular dimensions where the bigonial notch was slightly broader than in non-cleft averages. (6) Upper facial height occlusal height, and posterior total facial height in each cleft group seemed to be larger than the Standard, though both maxillary height and gonial notch height approximated the Standard by 6:0 (7) From 0:3-6:0, there was no noteworthy difference among the cleft groups in either growth direction or facial symmetry of upper face and mandible. It was only in the mid-facial and dental areas that notable characteristics peculiar to the type of cleft were found. The landmarks of nasal aperture, maxilla, and dental arch showed a slight medial displacement on the affected side, although the degree and amount depended on the cleft-type.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

[A case of osteoma of the mandible].

Osteoma is a benign bone tumour with a very slow growth. In the maxillofacial district the paranasal sinuses and the mandible are more frequently involved. This type of tumour is clinically asymptomatic and the signs of its presence are due to the fact that its expansive and centrifugal growth changes the face features. The surgical operation has a double aim: to solve the aesthetic problem and to prevent complications. In fact, obstructions and compressions ab estrinseco may compromise the function of the nearest organs. The aim of our work has been to show a clinical case which is interesting from a clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic point of view.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of parenteral nutrition on cell cycle kinetics in gastric cancer patients].

Studies were made on tumor growth changes by 1-week supplementary parenteral nutrition in undernourished advanced gastric cancer patients. Biopsy of the normal mucosa and cancerous tissue were taken through endoscope before and one week after parenteral nutrition and at the time of operation. Percentage of cells in various phases were analyzed by flow cytometry. The frequency of S and proliferative phases were markedly increased (P < 0.05) in cancerous tissue but not in the normal mucosa. These results demonstrate that a stimulating effect may be present in tumor cell kinetics and hence, the use of a cycle-specific chemotherapeutic agent is indicated.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1978

Effect of ovarectomy of females and oestrogen administration to males during the neonatal critical period on salt intake in adulthood in rats.

The effect of interference in the neonatal critical period on water and salt solution (3% NaCl) intake by adult rats given a free choice of these fluids was studied. Consumption was expressed per animal, per 100 g body weight and as the NaCl concentration in the total daily fluid intake volume [NaCl]I. Newborn female rats were ovarectomized or sham-ovarectomized. Ovarectomy markedly reduces consumption and [NaCl]I in adulthood and brought these values close to the values in normal males. Newborn male rats were injected with 1 mg oestradiol propionate dissolved in oil or just with oil. Oestradiol propionate severely inhibited growth, but produced no changes in fluid intake per animal. The [NaCl]I values were likewise unaltered, but owing to the lower body weight comsumption values per 100 g b.w. were higher in rats given oestradiol propionate than in those given oil. The relationship of the given growth changes to the regulation of salt intake and to hypothalamic function and its sexual correlates is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A morphometric analysis of craniofacial growth in cleft lip and noncleft mice.

Differences in face shape are considered a factor in cleft lip malformation. The purpose of this study was to analyze craniofacial growth in two strains: A/WySn with 28% cleft lip and C57BL/6J without cleft lip. Standardized photographs of 27 A/WySn and 25 C57BL/6J embryos with 34-46 somites (S) were taken in the superior, frontal, and lateral views. Landmarks were located and digitized for computerized analysis of growth change relative to somite number and at stages of face development before, during, and after primary palate closure. The results showed that both strains had similar overall growth patterns with increases in head width and face width, and decreases in nasal pit width. During early palatal closure in C57BL/6J mice, the nasal pit width was unchanged as brain width increased rapidly; and then later, the nasal pit width decreased as brain width increased slowly. However, during early closure in A/WySn mice, the nasal pit width decreased rapidly as brain width increased slowly; and then later, the nasal pit width was unchanged as brain width increased more rapidly. During early palatal closure, the narrower nasal pit width in A/WySn mice appeared to result from delayed growth of the supporting forebrain as the nasal pits become more medially positioned with normal face development. From the lateral view, the maxillary prominence depth was also smaller in the A/WySn strain during early palatal closure. This deficient forward growth of the maxillary prominences and the narrower positioning of the medial nasal prominences in A/WySn embryos appear to reduce the contact between the prominences and thus predispose this strain to cleft lip malformation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic study of the craniofacial growth in male rats by factor scores.

The craniofacial growth of F1 male offspring produced by a complete diallel cross of five strains of rats was observed with the use of cephalometry. Factor analysis was applied to several dimensions of dorsoventral and lateral cephalograms to assess the integration of the craniofacial complex with growth. The first three factors were chosen in each cephalogram, resulting in an explanation of 50.7% and 59.3% of the variation in the dorsoventral and lateral cephalograms, respectively, on an average throughout the period of the experiment, and disclosing that Factor I was associated most closely with the change in the craniofacial growth of rats. A further genetic analysis of the factor scores of each offspring lead to the conclusion that the growth changes of craniofacial width and length were more strongly influenced by the genetic effects; while those of upper jaw, nasal cavity, and pharyngeal part were more strongly influenced by the environmental effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Synthesis and turnover of intracisternal A-particle structural protein in cultured neuroblastoma cells.

Synthesis and turnover of the main structural protein (P73) of intracisternal A-particles were studied in mouse neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture. Triton X-100:EDTA-insoluble pellets containing 95% of the A-particle antigen in the cells were prepared and analyzed by electrophoresis in Na dodecyl-SO4-minus polyacrylamide gels. A 73,000 molecular weight component was prominent in pellets from three lines of neuroblastoma which contain numerous A-particles and this component was identified as the A-particle structural protein P73. It was absent in pellets prepared from cells which do not contain A-particles. Incorporation of labeled amino acids into P73 represented approximately 1.2% of total cell incorporation and this proportion did not change when the cell growth changed from log phase to stationary phase. Label appeared P73 within 2 min after radioactive amino acids were added to the medium. Pulse-chase and inhibitor studies confirmed antigenic measurements in demonstrating that the pool of P73 not assembled into A-particles was small. Turnover studies showed that P73 gained and lost label more rapidly than the average cell protein. In one cell line which was thoroughly characterized, approximately 60% of the main A-particle protein was estimated to turn over in a 24-hour period. Although the cells released approximately 10% of the proteins synthesized into the culture fluid, A-particle protein did not appear to be released. Analysis of culture fluid failed to reveal A-particles, soluble A-particle proteins, or A-particle antigen. It appears, therefore, that the particles are relatively rapidly synthesized and degraded, and that turnover occurs entirely intracellularly.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional support of the medical oncology patient.

Our current ability to favorably influence the adverse consequences of malnutrition in adult patients with established cancer is quite limited. Nutrient provision alone has not been successful in this regard. In fact, the approach of managing cancer patients with weight loss by solely providing calories is almost entirely extrapolated from clinical situations in which the presence of cancer is not a confounding problem and, therefore, may well be seriously flawed. These conclusions may not apply to situations in which special considerations hold, such as childhood malignancies and bone marrow transplantation. Current clinical management strategies for the cancer patient with weight loss require appropriate attention to the potential influence of the selected intervention on more than one parameter. As illustrated in Figure 1, nutritional support, whether by nutrient provision, pharmacologic administration, or a combination approach, differentially influences several parameters including nutritional status, abnormal host metabolism, gastrointestinal symptoms, and/or tumor growth. Changes in these parameters will influence the true end points with clinical relevance, which are patient survival and quality of life. Increased survival of patients with metastatic cancer has been difficult to achieve, even using chemotherapeutic regimens targeted directly at cancer growth. Similarly, nutritional support for patients with advanced cancer has not demonstrated improvement in this refractory parameter. Therefore, at the present time, clinicians must judge whether a nutritional support modality will favorably or unfavorably influence patient quality of life. This end point is of emerging importance in studies of nutritional support in cancer populations. Potential interrelationships among parameters influenced by nutritional support and their effect on clinically relevant end points are conceptually outlined in Figure 1. It is likely that concurrent attention to both optimal provision of nutrients and reversal of abnormal metabolism will be required if successful nutritional support approaches are to be described. Currently emerging clinical results provide some optimism for the future, but they do not unequivocally support the present routine application of any one particular nutrition support strategy for the medical patient with cancer.

Cachexia↗
PubMed1991

Maximal anaerobic performance of the knee extensor muscles during growth.

The extent of the growth changes in maximal work output during 10 s (MWO10), 30 s (MWO30), and 90 s (MWO90) of maximal repetitive knee flexions and extensions assessed on a modified Hydra-Gym machine was investigated in 84 boys and 83 girls, 9-19 yr of age. Body weight, fat mass and fat free mass by underwater weighing, and thigh volume and cross-sectional area were also determined. No difference was observed in the absolute MWO10, MWO30, and MWO90 between girls and boys at 9 and 11 yr of age. However, significant differences appeared between genders from 13 yr of age onward, anaerobic performances of the knee extensor muscles of girls representing about 75% or even less of those of boys. The analysis of variance revealed that maximal work ouput during the three knee extension tests was significantly greater in males as well as in females from 9 to 18 yr, regardless how performance was related to morphological characteristics. Performance in absolute values or expressed per unit of body weight, fat free mass, and thigh cross-sectional area for the MWO10, MWO30, and MWO90 tests were almost always significantly lower in both genders when performances of the 9-yr-old group were compared with those of the 13-yr-old group or older groups. Improvement in maximal work output during the 10-s, 30-s, or 90-s knee extension tests with age occurred mainly between 9 and 15 yr in both genders. The results of the present study show that there are gender differences in predominantly anaerobic performances during growth and reveal that increase in muscle mass does not appear to be the only factor responsible for the age-related increment in the anaerobic working capacity of the knee extensor muscles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Retroviral transformation of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells: macrophage-like and microvascular endothelial cell properties.

We report that L-cell-conditioned medium (LCM) transforms porcine cerebral microvascular (PCMV) endothelial cells into cells with macrophage-like properties. LCM is known to contain both cytokine(s) and the L-cell virus, a murine retrovirus found in the L929 cell and LCM. Our evidence suggests that both LCM cytokine(s) and the L-cell virus are involved in this PCMV endothelial cell transformation. Criteria for transformation include focus formation, decreased serum requirements for growth, changes in morphology including nonadherence, propagation in suspension culture, and a decreased growth response to stimulation with a known endothelial cell mitogen. Macrophage-like characteristics of this transformed cell, designated as RVTE, include pinocytosis of low-density lipoprotein, Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, phagocytosis of bacteria and zymosan, the expression of macrophage enzyme markers, and constitutive production of colony-stimulating factor 1. However, the transformed cell retains several properties of the nontransformed cell including the expression of FVIII:RAg and in vitro self-organization into capillary-like structures. Cloning of RVTE cells clearly shows that both macrophage-like and cerebral microvascular endothelial cell properties are present in the same cell. During self-organization, nontransformed cells express morphologic and functional characteristics classically associated with the macrophage. These findings suggest that some brain capillary pathophysiologies could involve macrophage-like cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, the "reticuloendothelial" phenotypic repertoire expressed by this transformed cerebral microvascular endothelial cell may show that the cerebral capillary endothelial cell in vivo is derived from a hematopoietic and/or phagocytic precursor.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A comparison of growth and development of the dental arch, alveolar process, and palate in the lateral segment determined with reference to dental age and chronological age, particularly on the period of premolar eruption].

The purpose of this study is to observe and compare growth and development in the dental arch, the alveolar process, and the palate in reference to dental age, which is based on tooth emergence, and chronological age. Subjects consisted of serial dental casts taken at two-month intervals from 40 children (20 males and 20 females) with normal occlusion in permanent dentition. In terms of dental age, observations were made for a total of two years, one year before and one year after the tooth emergence of first premolar and second premolar. In terms of chronological age, observations were made for a total of two years, one year before and one year after the average age of tooth emergence of first premolars and second premolars in this sample of children. Results and Conclusions. Comparisons between growth changes in the dental arch, the alveolar process, and the palate on dental and chronological age showed some regions in which growth patterns were similar and others in which growth patterns were different. The differences between both growth patterns from two ages were classified into two groups according to the tooth which caused the difference: those produced by the tooth used as a standard for dental age and those produced by teeth other than that used as a dental-age standard. 1) Differences resulting from the influence of the tooth used as a dental-age standard In regions of the tooth used as a dental-age standard, differences occurred in growth patterns on both kinds of age in practically all measured items. In regions adjacent to that of the tooth used as a dental-age standard, the differences were observed in growth patterns of the alveolar process and the palate but not in those of the dental arch. The differences were the most pronounced in the regions of dental-age-standard teeth than in the adjacent regions. The majority of the differences caused by teeth used as standards for dental age were thought to have been the results from the influence of eruption. No growth-pattern differences were observable in regions more than two teeth away from the tooth used as a dental-age standard. 2) Differences resulting from the influences of teeth other than that used as a dental-age standard Using the emergence time of a certain tooth as a dental-age standard, the emergence times of other teeth lead to be come together in some degree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1990

[Morphological study on growth process of primary dentition having distal step of the terminal plane. 2. Individual growth].

In order to analyze individual growth, 10 cases which contained longitudinal data and materials were chosen out of the 32 cases with bilateral distal step that were used in the study of Part I. The control group comprised the same twelve cases that were used in Part I. Observations of plaster models were made on the eruption age and eruption sequence of the first maxillary and mandibular permanent molars and incisors, the mesiodistal crown diameter, the interdental spaces in the primary dentition, and individual growth of the maxillary intercanine width. Cephalometric analysis was made on linear and angular items in which a significant difference between the two groups was found in the study Part I: Growth on the Average. Growth patterns were classified according to profilograms. The relationship between the terminal planes and analyzed items was also discussed. The results were as follows: 1. Individual growth data obtained from plaster models 1) Concerning the eruption age of the permanent teeth, the first maxillary molars of the examined group erupted in 5.84 years on the average. In cases of the control group, 6.42 years was the average. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The maxillary and mandibular central incisors of the examined group tended to erupt slightly earlier than the control group. 2) Concerning the eruption sequence of the permanent teeth, the first maxillary molars or the mandibular central incisors erupted earliest in the examined group, and the first mandibular molars or the mandibular central incisors in the control group. 2. Individual growth data obtained from cephalometrics 1) Concerning skeletal patterns, the examined group showed a significantly larger increase of the lower facial height (NF-Me) than the control group in the period from eruption of the first molars to eruption of the maxillary central incisors. In this period, 8 out of 10 cases of the examined group and 3 out of 12 cases of the control group showed the maximal growth change. 2) Concerning denture patterns, the maxillary incisor height (Ul-NF) increased markedly in the period from eruption of the first molars to eruption of the maxillary central incisors. This was found in 8 cases of the examined group and 4 cases of the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1990

A longitudinal study comparing growth in diabetic pregnancies with growth in normal gestations: I. The fetal weight.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with fetal growth acceleration and retardation. These aberrations in fetal growth seem to be influenced by a variety of factors including vascular disease, glycemic control, hypertension and smoking. In order to characterize fetal growth under the above conditions, longitudinal sonographic evaluations were performed in 52 pregnant, insulin-dependent diabetic women with the usual monitoring of the patients' metabolic control. Regression analyses revealed that vascular disease and glycemic conditions were the most important influences for growth, with manifestation beyond the second trimester. With stringent glucose control (mean whole blood less than or equal to 100 mg/dl) in the absence of vasculopathy (white classes A, B, C), fetal growth was similar to that in normal pregnancies. In the presence of vasculopathy (white classes D and FR), growth was reduced, especially when near-normal glycemic levels were achieved. Conversely, in poorly controlled diabetic women, enhanced fetal growth were observed in patients with and without vasculopathy. No aberrations in fetal growth were observed, however, before the third trimester. The findings of our study demonstrate that vasculopathy and glycemia are dominant and independent regulators of fetal growth. However, their influences are not manifested in growth changes before the third trimester.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1977

The role of the mandible in mouse palatal development revisited.

Growth changes associated with formation of the secondary palate were studied in H-Velaz mouse embryos by morphometric measurement of medial sagittal sections of the heads between days 13 and 15 of embryonic development. Horizontalization of the palatine processes depends primarily on the length of the mandible and is effected by a shift of palatine process material into the supralingual space. The administration of 7.5 mg cortisone acetate im to the female on day 12, of 0.5 mg 6-aminonicotinamide im on day 14, or amniocentesis on day 14 significantly retards growth of the embryo in general and of the mandible in particular without significantly affecting deflexion of the skull base. The different spatial conditions created by disproportion between deflexion of the base and the length of the mandible cause irregularities in the course of horizontalization which lead, as a rule, to cleft palate.

6-Aminonicotinamide↗
PubMed1978

[Modification of the tongue in the treatment of progenia].

The size, position and function of the tongue affect the surrounding jaw regions. In class III malocclusions where the tongue is involved, the treatment must be directed toward the correction of the function and the change in the oral volume proportions. These requirements are largely met by the functional prognathism appliance. Growth changes, increases in length of the upper dental arch, decreases in length of the lower dental arch and displacements of the mandible in a posterior direction were observed in the patients treated up to now.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1977

[Characteristics of the follicular epithelium in the fishes with demersal roe. Concerning the classification of unilaminate monomorphous follicular epithelium of the vertebrates].

Follicular epithelium of Hemichromis during the periods of small and slow oocyte growth changes from flattened prismatic into high prismatic; during the periods of fast oocyte growth, the follicular epithelial cells undergo secretory specialization. Secretion is of apocrine type and forms the second oocyte tunica. According to the literature data analyzed and the author's investigation, in the development of unilaminate monomorphous follicular epithelii, it should be distinguished: a) period of primary transformation with characteristic intensive proliferation of epithelial cells, their morphologic transformation, upward growth of epithelium and increase of its physiological activity; b) period of secondary transformation either at the expense of secondary follicular epithelial flattening, or by means of secretory specialization of its cells. It is suggested to name unilaminate monomorphous follicular epithelii in vertebrates according to their construction at the end of the primary and by the character of the secondary transformation. Thus, follicular epithelium of Hemichromis can be defined as highly prismatic with secondary specialization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of growth and changes in the ultrafine structure of bacteria in the course of continuous cultivation on media containing ethanol].

A large number of bacterial strains assimilating chemical ethanol has been isolated using an original technique. Active growth of strains belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and, particularly, Acinetobacter was registered on mineral media containing ethanol. A mathematical model was constructed select a strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus K-9 during its continuous cultivation on media containing ethanol. The model makes it possible to determine conditions for producing a present amount of the biomass, the percentage of its yield, and the produc;iveness as a function of the dilution rate, temperature, and the concentration of ethanol and phosphoric acid in the medium. The main characteristics of the growth process in the studied factor space were established. The optimum conditions were calculated for growth of the strain with respect to each of the criteria. Under various conditions of bacterial growth, changes in the morphology and ultra-fine structure of the cells correlated with their physiological activity. The volume of the cells increased with the rate of dilution of the medium: the process can be described by a saturation curve. The presence of mesosomal structures is typical of the cells growing at low flow rates.

Acinetobacter↗