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Results for “Head Protective Devices”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Controlled release insecticide devices for protection of sheep against head strike caused by Lucilia cuprina.

The effectiveness of polymer matrix tags containing (w/w) 8.5% cypermethrin, 7.5% flucythrinate, 13.7% tetrachlorvinphos or 20.0% diazinon in protecting sheep against head strike by the sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann) was investigated in larval implant, fly cage and field studies. Tags impregnated with cypermethrin reduced the total number of egg masses deposited on the heads of sheep in fly cage studies over a 6 week period by 73.3% compared with no treatment. Tags impregnated with flucythrinate reduced the number of egg masses by 25.3% over 21 weeks but there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between treated and untreated sheep at individual exposures. Egg masses were found on the majority of tagged sheep and no protection was provided against implants with first instar L. cuprina larvae by either cypermethrin or flucythrinate tags. Tags impregnated with diazinon gave longer protection than treatment with a liquid formulation containing 400 ppm diazinon in larval implant, fly cage and field studies. Over a 12 week period in field studies, 6.6% of rams treated with diazinon tags became struck compared with 30% treated by diazinon jetting, 35.7% treated with plastic tags not impregnated with insecticide and 24.2% of untreated rams. When the rams were exposed to high populations of L. cuprina in an exposure house from 13 to 18 weeks after treatment, 3.3% of rams treated with diazinon tags, 57.1% treated by diazinon jetting, 43.8% treated with plastic tags and 23.5% of untreated rams became struck. Most strikes in the diazinon tagged sheep occurred at sites which were not contacted by the tags. Tags impregnated with tetrachlorvinphos reduced the number of strikes in comparison with no treatment in larval implant and fly cage studies but the results were inconsistent and not as good as those from diazinon tags. It is concluded that well designed controlled release devices that reliably contact the wool on the heads of sheep at sites of flystrike risk and which are able to withstand damage from rams fighting may be able to give prolonged protection against head strike.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1995

Hockey helmets, face masks, and injurious behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To educate physicians about factors that contribute to injurious behaviors in ice hockey and to propose that the medical community play a role in advocating change within the sport. METHODS: A review of relevant literature on the topic was conducted, with information drawn from scientific journal publications, conference proceeding, theses, and newspaper publications. RESULTS: The introduction of mandatory head and facial protection has been effective in virtually eliminating ocular, facial, and dental injuries in youth hockey, but it has also been problematically linked with an increase in catastrophic spinal injuries. Players adopt a false sense of security when donning the equipment, leading them to take excessive and unwarranted risks because of the protection they are supposedly afforded. The addition of these protective devices has also altered how officials perceive game situations, leading them to be more lenient in administering penalties. The net result has been an increase in illegal and injurious behaviors, such as checking from behind. CONCLUSION: Physician advocacy may play an important role in effecting change within the sport.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2002

The Kabuto, or the Japanese helmet: evolution from war implement to status symbol.

WARRIORS THROUGHOUT THE AGES have considered the unprotected head to be particularly vulnerable. The traditional Japanese helmet, the Kabuto, was the part of a protective suit of armor that reflected the wearer's character and personality. Over time, it changed from a primarily protective device to a vehicle for the expression of a distinctly Japanese sense of magnificent artistry. Each Kabuto was custom-made, and these helmets remain without peer in the world. They were designed and crafted to answer the demands of their era, and thus they provide historical evidence not only of the state of Japanese warfare, but also of social organization, metallurgical knowledge, artisanship, and aesthetic sensibility. Even now, during the national Golden Week Festival in early May, Kabuto are displayed in the alcoves of Japanese homes as a petition that the boys in the house be granted courage and good health. Thus, even in modern Japan, the Kabuto represents a talisman. We present an overview of the evolution of the Kabuto, with special reference to the Japanese sword and the warrior tradition.

Head Protective Devices↗
PubMed1984

Contingent application of a protective device to treat the severe self-biting behavior of a disturbed autistic child.

This study introduces the Bubble Helmet, a protective device, as an effective means of treating severe cases of self-biting behavior with disturbed developmentally disabled persons. The apparatus is a clear plastic sphere which fastens over the client's head, shielding the mouth from contact with hands and forearms. Use of the bubble in a response-contingent manner effectively eliminated the intense self-biting behavior of a 9-year-old autistic child in a community-based group home. This made it possible for her to be placed in a less restrictive community facility.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1999

Retrospective report on the effectiveness of a polyurethane football helmet cover on the repeated occurrence of cerebral concussions.

This report reviews the literature and unpublished data and presents survey results related to the use of a polyurethane football helmet cover. Two hundred forty-five individuals, identified by the helmet manufacturer as having purchased at least one device, were sent a survey after the 1992, 1993, and 1994 football seasons; 155 (63.3%) of the surveys were returned. The questionnaire, designed to be completed by the athlete, required a detailed history of concussions occurring both prior to and during the period the device was used. Individuals used the device as a result of having incurred at least one concussion. Rates of concussion reoccurrence while the device was worn were grouped by the number of previous concussions (1, 2, 3, or 4+) that occurred over a 4year period prior to use of the device. The rate of concussion reoccurrence was 2.4%, 7.3%, 15.8%, and 33.3%, respectively, over a 4-year period. The range appeared to reflect a parallel relationship between pre- and post-device concussion experiences: the more concussions experienced prior to adopting the device, the higher the rate of concussion reoccurrence while using the device. The natural history of repeated occurrences of concussive events may not be affected by the use of a polyurethane football helmet cover. We suggest that such a device not be routinely used prophylactically, but instead be reserved for individuals with 1 to 2 prior concussion injuries. However, at this time, we neither recommend nor discommend the device.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Perceptions of Chandigarh sports coaches regarding oro-facial injuries and their prevention.

Enthusiastic participation by the younger generation in sports exposes them to a high risk of injuries. In the present study, the perceptions of sports coaches regarding their knowledge and experience of such injuries is evaluated. The coaches considered helmet as the most common protective device followed by mouth guard and facemask. About 58% observed that boxing was associated with oro-facial injuries and protective devices were deemed mandatory by 68% in this event. About 45% saw over five injuries in the last year, mostly soft tissue facial injuries (47%) and tooth loss (33%). Most injuries were in hockey and 32% were due to hits by ball, stick or related hard objects. About 82% were related to nonuse of protective devices. The majority of coaches considered that oro-facial devices be made more popular among sportspersons for their safety while 28% felt they reduced efficiency. The author concludes that there is a need to popularize the use of oro-facial protective devices in a variety of sports events in our country by interacting with coaches, sports administrators and sportspersons as well as familiarizing the Indian dentists in this relatively new field.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Head injuries in helmeted child bicyclists.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics and the severity of head and facial injuries to helmeted child bicyclists, and whether the helmet contributed to the injury, and to study factors related to bicycle accidents. DESIGN: Retrospective review of two case series. Children sustaining head injury while not wearing helmets were studied as a form of reference group. SETTING: Large paediatric teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: 34 helmeted child bicyclists and 155 non-helmeted bicyclists, aged 5-14 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of injuries, type of injuries, injury severity score, deaths, and accident circumstances. RESULTS: 79% of the head injuries of the helmeted child group were mild and two thirds of these had facial injuries. Children in the helmet group were in a greater proportion of bike-car collisions than the no helmet group and at least 15% of the helmets were lost on impact. There were no injuries secondary to the helmet. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the head injuries sustained by the helmeted children were of mild severity and there was no evidence to suggest that the helmet contributed to injury. Nevertheless, consideration should be given to designing a facial protector for the bicycle helmet and to improvement of the fastening device.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

Facial fractures in a level I trauma centre: the importance of protective devices and alcohol abuse.

Urban trauma centres have recently noted a shift in the causative mechanism of facial fractures away from motor vehicle crashes (MVC) to blunt assaults (BA). This study was conducted to examine the incidence and aetiology of facial fractures at our institution as well as the relationship with alcohol and protective device use. Trauma registry records of all patients admitted to a level I trauma centre from 1 January 1988 to 1 January 1999 were reviewed. There were 13594 trauma admissions during the 11-year period. Facial fractures were sustained by 1429 patients (10.5%) and this group forms the subject of this study. MVC was the predominant aetiology (59.9%) followed by BA (18.8%). Facial fractures were found in 9.5% of restrained MVC patients compared to 15.4% of unrestrained patients (P<0.00l). Non-helmeted motorcyclists were four times more likely to sustain facial fractures (4.3% vs. 18.4%) than helmeted patients (P<0.00l). 39.6% of patients in the MVC group were legally intoxicated compared to 73.5% in the BA group (P<0.00l). 45.4% of unrestrained patients with facial fractures were intoxicated compared to 11.8% of restrained MVC patients with facial fractures (P<0.001). MVC continue to be the primary aetiology of facial fractures in our trauma population. Protective devices decrease the incidence of facial fractures. Lack of protective device use and the consumption of alcohol correlate with sustaining facial fractures.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

Concept of a Neck Protective Device (CNPD).

During impact or sudden acceleration, the cervical and thoracic region of the spine of operators of Habitable Mobile Vehicles (HMV) may be exposed to extensive trauma since "whiplash"-type motion typically leads to impairment of a cervical joint. Furthermore, the frequent necessity of supporting added mass above the shoulders (e.g., crash helmet, displays, oxygen mask) can magnify the moment of inertia of the head. This additional mass affects the biomechanics of a Helmet-Head-Neck System and determination of the tolerable magnitudes of acceleration which it can undergo. Even if the body of the operator is restrained by seat belts, such acceleration can arise in all three vectors (Gx, Gy, and Gz). The population at risk for injury due to such forces are individuals exposed to forces generated in racing cars, involved in automobile impacts or emergency landing of aircraft, in normal landing on carriers or in piloting of 5th generation fighter planes, and in other aspects of operator activity in HMV. Various methods of fixation of the head to prevent cervical injury are described in the literature: cervical collars, inflated thoracic defensive members, airbags, cervical supports, etc. However, all of these have some deficiencies related either to one-time availability or the restricted range of head motion which they produce. Widely used automatic retaining systems composed of belts with forced pull and airbags, while successful in other regards, do not adequately protect the head and neck of the operators who are chronically exposed to iterated percussion, and other acceleration forces under diverse extreme conditions.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1996

Development of test methodologies for determining the safety of wheelchair headrest systems during vehicle transport.

For wheelchair users unable to transfer to a vehicle seat, the wheelchair serves as a means of mobility and postural support during activities of daily living and as a seating support in a vehicle. The performance of commercially available adaptive seating components in a dynamic or impact situation, as well as their effect on the safety of the user, is unknown and should be determined. The main objective of the project was to develop a test methodology to statically determine the crashworthiness of wheelchair headrest systems and show the efficacy of that methodology by applying it to several commercially available headrest systems. The methodology was based on Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) test conditions, which use static test procedures to ensure that vehicle head restraints will perform adequately during actual crash conditions. The procedure developed to evaluate the headrests gave informative and repeatable results. The tests performed calculated the energy associated with a critical deformation of the headrest under quasi-static conditions. The results were used to determine the level of safety provided by the devices and to recommend design improvements. The headrests tested exhibited similar modes of deformation due to bending of a vertical adjustment bar, and several devices were determined to be capable of providing adequate restraint in an impact situation.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2001

Do football helmets reduce acceleration of impact in blunt head injuries?

UNLABELLED: Several recent studies suggest that acceleration of the head at impact during sporting activities may have a detrimental effect on cognitive function. Reducing acceleration of impact in these sports could reduce neurologic sequelae. OBJECTIVE: To measure the effectiveness of a regulation football helmet to reduce acceleration of impact for both low- and moderate-force impacts. METHODS: An experimental paired study design was used. Male volunteers between 16 and 30 years of age headed soccer balls traveling approximately 35 miles per hour bareheaded and with a helmet. An intraoral accelerometer worn inside a plastic mouthpiece measured acceleration of the head. The helmet also had an accelerometer placed inside the padding. For more forceful impacts, cadaver heads, both with and without helmets, were instrumented with intraoral (IO) and intracranial (IC) accelerometers and struck with a pendulum device. Simultaneous IO and IC accelerations were measured and compared between helmeted and unhelmeted cadaver heads. The main outcome was mean peak acceleration of the head and/or brain associated with low- and moderate-force impacts with and without protective headgear. RESULTS: Mean peak Gs, measured by the mouthpiece accelerometer, were significantly reduced when the participants heading soccer balls were wearing a helmet (7.7 Gs with vs 19.2 Gs without, p = 0.01). Wearing a helmet also significantly lowered the peak Gs measured intraorally and intracranially in cadavers subjected to moderate-force pendulum impacts: 28.7 Gs with vs 62.6 Gs without, p < 0.001; and 56.4 Gs with vs 81.6 Gs without, p < 0.001, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A regulation football helmet substantially reduced the peak Gs associated with "heading" a soccer ball traveling at moderately high velocities. A helmet was also effective in reducing the peak acceleration both intraorally and intracranially for impacts significantly more forceful than heading a soccer ball.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1997

ATV-related central nervous system injuries in Louisiana.

All terrain vehicles (ATVs) have been associated with death and serious injury since their introduction into the marketplace. Fifteen cases of ATV-related brain and spinal cord injury reported to the Louisiana Central Nervous System Registry during 1995 were evaluated for severity, etiology, and outcome. Eleven (73%) of these injuries were sustained by persons under 18 years of age. Despite US Consumer Product Safety Commission and ATV manufacturer recommendations for age restrictions, ATVs continue to be popular recreational devices for children.

Accidents↗
PubMed2004

The role of the helmet in the prevention of traumatic brain injuries.

Today, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) exceed 1 million cases per year. Tens of thousands of people die and hundreds of thousands of people are hospitalized. The health care costs exceed US dollars 50 billion. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that people with mild TBIs who are not hospitalized add another US dollars 17 billion to the total dollars spent on care. These high frequencies and costs place a high priority on programs and procedures to minimize the number of injuries and to reduce the severity of those that occur. One of these programs focuses on the protective devices worn by the people that work and play in environments where there is an identified risk of TBI. Because these environments cover a wide variety of activities, the design and effectiveness of these protective devices must be specific to the nature of the activity and the person they are designed to protect.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence and diffusion of helmet use at ski areas in Western North America in 2001-02.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine diffusion of and predictors of helmet use among skiers and snowboarders in the Western United States and Canada. DESIGN: 6400 skiers and snowboarders at 29 ski resorts in the Western United States and Canada were interviewed on chair lifts and observed for helmet use during two consecutive ski seasons (winters 2001 and 2002). SETTING: Skiers and snowboarders were observed and interviewed at 29 ski resorts in Alaska, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and British Columbia as part of a sun protection project. SUBJECTS: Participants completing the survey consisted of 3525 adult skiers and snowboarders in the 2002 season and 2978 adult skiers and snowboarders in the 2001 season. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The outcome measure for all analyses was prevalence of helmet use by skiers and snowboarders. RESULTS: Helmet use by skiers and snowboarders is increasing and is most prevalent among snowboarders, experts, and more frequent skiers/snowboarders. No evidence was found for the hypothesis that helmet use is diffusing more rapidly among earlier adopters of helmets than later adopters. CONCLUSIONS: Although controversy remains, helmets are rapidly diffusing as a safety device at western North American ski resorts. Expert and more frequent skiers and snowboarders are more likely to wear helmets, which may indicate that helmets are recognized as a safety device.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A methodology for assessing blast protection in explosive ordnance disposal bomb suits.

To reduce human casualties associated with explosive ordnance disposal, a wide range of protective wear has been designed to shield against the blast effects of improvised explosive devices and munitions. In this study, 4 commercially available bomb suits, representing a range of materials and armor masses, were evaluated against 0.227 and 0.567 kg of spherical C-4 explosives to determine the level of protection offered to the head, neck, and thorax. A Hybrid III dummy, an instrumented human surrogate [1], was tested with and without protection from the 4 commercially available bomb suits. 20 tests with the dummy torso mounted to simulate a kneeling position were performed to confirm repeatability and robustness of the dummies, as well as to evaluate the 4 suits. Correlations between injury risk assessments based on past human or animal injury model data and various parameters such as bomb suit mass, projected area, and dummy coverage area were drawn.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed2002

[The effect of mobility of the information field of the helmet-mounted indicator on pilot's efficiency].

Results of an experimental investigation of pilot's efficiency with the use of a helmet-mounted indicator (HMI) are reported. Displacement of the HMI information field in consequence of head movements in search for external objects and target acquisition was shown to impact reliability of spatial orientation and cause difficulties during construction and realization of aircraft control movements. These difficulties are ascribed to impairment of functioning of the human "body scheme" (internal systems of coordinates) and modification of the geometric relations of the true and HMI displayed horizon. The conclusion is that to improve efficiency of pilots using HMI designed should be a device which will align the HMI information field with the longitudinal cabin axis after each head movement.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1991

Biodynamic simulations of the effect of a neck-mounted air bag on the head/neck response during high G acceleration.

New helmet-mounted devices (such as night-vision goggles, laser eye protection, etc.) have created new safety hazards for pilots during ejection or high G maneuvering. In order to prevent the resulting head/neck injuries, this study extends the air-bag protection system developed for ground vehicles to a neck mounted system for aircrew personnel. Results, carried out by computer biodynamic simulations using the Articulated Total Body Model (ATB), showed that: 1) helmet weight had little effect on head/neck torque, contact force and flexion angle; 2) initial head/neck position and center of gravity offsets of the helmet-mounted devices had significant effects on head-neck torques, contact forces, and neck flexion angles; and 3) the neck mounted air bag significantly reduced neck torques, contact forces, and neck flexion angles. We conclude that the neck-mounted air bag system could significantly reduce the severity of head/neck injuries to pilots during ejection or high G maneuvering.

Acceleration↗