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PubMed2006

Health promotion and health education with particular emphasis on bone diseases among rural population in Poland.

Osteoporosis and osteoarthrosis are the most common diseases of bone tissue affecting both rural and urban populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of education and requirement for health promotion within the scope of common diseases of the skeletal system among rural population in Poland. This was an exploratory study with a cross-sectional design performed between May 2004-September 2005 in rural areas of 16 Voivodeships (main provinces) of Poland. The study population comprised of 404 (62.9%) rural women and 238 (37.1%) rural men (total 642). All subjects were randomly sampled and recruited by personal contact in primary health care centres. Study data were obtained using a specially prepared questionnaire. The most commonly reported diseases were: arterial hypertension (26.1%), joint degenerative disease (24.6%) and osteoarthritis (14.7%). The occurrence of osteoarthritis and joint degenerative disease increased with age and was highest in the group aged over 50 (21% and 38.7% respectively). Osteoarthitis was more frequent in women compared to men (16% and 12.2% respectively). In most cases, the basic information about methods of prevention and treatment given by a General Practitioner or a specialist was characterized as "satisfactory" (73.6% and 62.9% respectively). The most popular prophylactic action performed in local communities was bone densitometry (14.1%), and the most important source of knowledge - TV and radio (65%). Populations living in rural areas have limited access to health education and health prophylaxis actions, irrespective of the geographical region of Poland. Inhabitants with secondary or higher education, as well as those with a higher household income, have better knowledge about skeletal system diseases compared to those with a lower educational level. The practical implications of this study suggest the necessity for paying more attention to etiology, symptoms and methods of prevention and treatment of bone diseases when attending to patients in specialist practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Promoting health and evaluating change.

Health promotion is a term that includes a range of approaches aimed at maintaining and promoting the population's health. In its broadest sense health promotion includes: health protection legislation and enforcement; healthy public policy; mass media communications; community development in health; health education; and preventive health services. The use of these approaches has been associated with improved health in Australia, but evaluating the effectiveness of health promotion is not easy. Multi-faceted approaches are most effective, but are difficult to evaluate using experimental or quasi-experimental designs. In addition, health promotion has yet to meet the challenge of measuring progress towards improving health and well-being, as distinct from reductions in disease and in behavioural risk factors for disease. This paper discusses health promotion, its strategies and impacts, and some issues involved in its evaluation.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focus on health promotion: self-efficacy in oncology nursing research and practice.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To discuss self-efficacy in oncology nursing research and practice in promoting health for people with cancer. DATA SOURCES: Published articles, abstracts, and books; consultations. DATA SYNTHESIS: Self-efficacy has much merit as a concept to guide oncology nursing research and practice related to health promotion. It has strong predictive capability in nononcology populations for determining the likelihood of individuals engaging in health-promotion behaviors. In oncology, it has been an effective determinant to predict disease prevention and early-detection behaviors and adaptation to cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy provides prescriptive specificity to guide clinical interventions to promote health in people with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Exercise for people with cancer recently has been emphasized, and specific examples of cancer nursing research and practice using self-efficacy to increase participation in this health-promotion behavior have been suggested. Research that tests this concept further as a basis for health promotion in people with cancer is needed.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting heart health promotion.

Prevention of ischaemic heart disease is a priority for public health. Revised Mandatory Guidelines have resulted in substantial investment in individual healthy lifestyles programs and local health units have been encouraged to develop comprehensive heart health promotion programs. Initiatives to support this direction include the Heart Health Action Program, the Canadian Heart Health Initiative, the Ontario Heart Health Network, the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of Health and the Teaching Health Unit program. In spite of this, local health units have been slow to adopt comprehensive heart health approaches. The Canadian Heart Health Initiative-Ontario Project (CHHIOP) is studying the dissemination of community heart health programming, particularly factors influencing adoption by local public health departments. CHHIOP's observational component uses province-wide health unit and community "scans" and in-depth studies using qualitative methodology. CHHIOP's interventional component is developing a provincial linkage system.

Canada↗
PubMed1998

Implementing health promoting nursing: the integration of interpersonal skills and health promotion.

Health promoting nursing practice is seen as the way forward for the nursing profession. This paper outlines the meaning of health promotion and distinguishes between a traditional and new paradigm approach. The research examining the extent to which a new paradigm approach is practised demonstrates that, to date, nurses predominantly adopt the traditional approach to health promotion. It is argued that the integration of interpersonal skills and health promotion within nursing curricula is crucial in enabling the transfer of theoretical concepts into practice. The ways in which this integration has been approached within one college of nursing are described. The difficulties encountered in attempting this integration and accomplishing a philosophical shift from a traditional to a new paradigm approach to health promotion are discussed and critiqued. Specifically conflicts that occur at an interpersonal, organizational and societal level are identified and proposed as explanations for the slow implementation of health promoting nursing.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2005

[The effects of a health promotion program in rural elderly on health promotion lifestyle and health status].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identity the effects of a health promotion program for rural elderly on health promotion lifestyle and health status. METHOD: The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design. Data collection was performed from April 12th, 2003 to August 2nd, 2003. The subjects were selected at Mari Myun Geochang Gun in Korea. 44 elders were in the experimental group and 45 elders were in the control group. The 16-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi(2)-test, t-test, and ANCOVA test with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. RESULT: The experimental group showed higher scores of a health promotion lifestyle and perceived health status than the control group. In addition, systolic BP, heart rate, body fat and glucose of the experimental group were lower than the control group. Waist flexibility, left hand grip power, back strength and leg strength of the experimental group were higher than the control group. However, there were no significant differences in diastolic BP, total cholesterol and right hand grip power between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This health promotion program for rural elderly can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention in rural communities.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of clinic-based health promotion education on perceived health status and health promotion behaviors of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

More than 70% of children/adolescents diagnosed with cancer are long-term survivors. Little is known about the health perceptions and practices of this population, and limited previous studies have come exclusively from a risk reduction/health protection model rather than a health promotion model. This study was conducted to describe the perceived health status and health-promoting behaviors of adolescent/young adult cancer survivors. This study used Pender's revised health promotion model; perceived health status and health-promoting behaviors were measured using the General Health Index (GHRI) and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). The sample consisted of 60 cancer survivors 2 years after completion of cancer treatment and attending a survivorship clinic. Mean baseline scores for the GHRI (76.66; SD, 10.41) indicate perceived health status is positive and similar to normative (noncancer survivor) adolescent/young adult samples. Surprisingly, there was no correlation between scores on the GHRI and the HPLP-II in this sample (r = 0.03).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Health promotion and health education about diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus, especially if poorly controlled, is a major contributory cause for blindness, heart attacks, amputations, strokes, kidney failure and impotence. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally. Fortunately there is compelling evidence from clinical trials that lifestyle modifications and education can minimise the risk of diabetes, and new treatments can reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality. We now have modified insulin, infusion pumps, dialysis, kidney and pancreas transplants, and effective therapies for reducing lipids and blood pressure. However, important as these advances are, diabetes and its complications can be prevented, or delayed, by modifying risk factors. Persons with diabetes must understand their disease and be empowered to avoid obesity, smoking and unhealthy diets, and encouraged to exercise, and control blood glucose. Good health education, health promotion and access to professional care are essential for persons with diabetes mellitus. Valuable health information is available from Diabetes UK and the Internet.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1995

A review of the health promotion and health beliefs of traditional and Project 2000 student nurses.

In this study it was proposed that a more rigorous theoretical component in nursing education courses would produce a nurse who was a proficient health educator and promotor of health. A sound knowledge base will enable the student to develop positive attitudes and beliefs towards promoting health and providing health education as a part of nursing practice. To test this hypothesis, two groups of students were asked to complete a questionnaire and the answers subsequently compared. The results and data analysis supported the hypothesis only in a limited way and a further study on a larger group of students would provide greater insight into the question.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

[Social factors as factors in health promotion and health education].

The author demands more accurate application of the term social factors, he emphasizes their importance in contemporary tasks of the health services and processes of nation-wide health promotion. He recommends that more attention should be paid to subjective factors, to the participation of man in health care; when investigating subjective factors, new methodological procedure must be sought in social medicine. Some experience assembled in socio-medical experiments is presented.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1998

Health-promoting behaviors of African-American rural women.

A primary role of nurse practitioners is to promote health. This study describes the practice of health-promoting behaviors of 75 African-American women in rural northwest Florida. The convenience sample completed the 94 Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), which measures six aspects of health behavior, including exercise, nutrition, and stress management. Demographic factors were also examined in relation to participation in health-promoting behaviors. Findings showed women scoring the highest in interpersonal support and the lowest in exercise and nutrition on the HPLP subscales. Also, women with higher education and an income above $10,000 a year practiced more health-promoting behaviors. Those with less education, a lower income, and more family members practiced fewer health-promoting behaviors. Older women tended to exercise less and reported less interpersonal support. Nurse practitioners can encourage health promotion among African-American women. They can utilize strategies that maximize women's perceived benefits and self-efficacy while minimizing perceived barriers to health-promoting behaviors. Churches, worksites, and schools are suggested as accessible settings for providing programs and services to this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Promoting health or promoting pleasure? A contingency approach to the effect of informational and emotional appeals on food liking and consumption.

Here, we suggest that the relative effectiveness of informational and emotional appeals in persuasive communications may depend on the dominant basis of attitude towards the focal item (affective or cognitive), and on the precise response being targeted (i.e. influencing affect-based food liking or cognitive-based consumption). Ninety-five participants (milk drinking adults) participated in an experiment in which they were presented with a persuasive communication promoting milk consumption. A mixed design combined as between-participants factors attitude bases (two: affective/cognitive) and persuasive appeals (two: informational/emotional) with, as a within-participants measure, types of effect (two: liking and consumption change intent). We also measured immediate feelings and thoughts responses to the communication. As expected, cognition-based attitudes were not sensitive to a match between persuasive appeals and types of effect. For affect-based attitudes, results confirmed the predicted superiority of a match between the affective and cognitive bases of the targeted responses and that of the persuasive appeal. Food liking was particularly sensitive to an emotional appeal while an informational appeal tended to be more influential on food consumption. The underlying mechanism of these effects and their implication for the practice of health promotion and food marketing are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spanning the distance and resource gaps in health promotion and health education programs.

Traditionally, health care/health promotion professionals have relied on a face-to-face format for their teaching and are now becoming increasingly involved with new and creative ways to use microcomputers in educational technology. These methodologies have their limitations. Each is limited by the number of participants who can be reached at a given time, the availability of local experts, the existence of the necessary hardware and software, and accessibility due to special characteristics of the audience. These limitations often dictate what presentations health professionals can offer, what media can be used, and which groups will attend. Health care/health promotion professionals must not lose sight of readily available, nontraditional, cost effective methods that serve to enhance high level wellness in a broad and diverse population. The alternative health promotion delivery systems of radio, audioconferencing, and teleconferencing, as discussed in this article, can be used in a variety of settings (school, university, community, and worksite), applied to all levels of health promotion and education (elementary through university education and community/worksite offerings), and can increase awareness of additional methods of communication of health-related information by health professionals.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1987

Promoting health through public policy.

The summary and recommendations of a group set up by the Health Education Bureau, Ireland and reprinted here with the Bureau's permission. They deal with the health policy aspect of health promotion. Though average life expectancy has improved in Ireland, there is room for improvement, Health promotion policy must aim to make healthy choices easier and to provide a healthier environment. Increased expenditure has not led to the expected improvement in the health of the population, the bulk of current spending being on curing illness and on care. A comprehensive food policy and strategies for modifying dietary habits is required and must involve a multi-sectoral, health-conscious approach. The role of the health minister should be extended to include shared responsibility for health promotion with health boards at local level. An overall plan should be produced regularly and its progress monitored annually. A health promotion council should be established to coordinate expertise and experience from different public and private sectors. The scope of the HEB should be broadened to include wider environmental issues. The government should seek to ensure that national, legislative and structural measures to promote health are reflected in EEC institutions.

European Union↗
PubMed1999

[Promoting health in health care organizations and hospitals? A survey of the French community in Belgium].

Health promotion concept and practices have brought many significant changes even in disease management and care settings. In the Ottawa charter, health promotion is defined as "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health". However, care settings are in contradiction with this process on several levels (focus on disease and not enough on health, concern more on cure than on care, etc.). The emergence of health promotion practices has been deeply questioning these features. Care institutions start to reconsider their role and missions. However, changes are slow and there has been much resistance. What is the current situation of health promotion in French speaking Belgian care institutions in 1998? The WHO EUROPE HEALTH PROMOTING HOSPITALS' (HPH) project, which officially started in 1991, aims at "promoting positive health and well-being in hospitals and beyond that, in the community". For each participating hospital, the implications of membership have an important influence on the institution and care project, because it implies adherence to the principles of the Ottawa charter on health promotion, and to the philosophy and objectives of HPH. Belgium joined the WHO project and the HPH network in 1996. It was necessary to review the situation of health care institutions in the French speaking community of Belgium in order to understand the evolution over the last years, to assess health professionals expectations and the feasibility of some actions, and to provide political decision makers with information likely to influence future decisions and choices in a positive way. This article presents the descriptive results of a survey carried out on nursing and patient education departments in health care institutions. Half of 105 hospitals answered the questionnaires sent. Out of these answers, 150 projects and actions were identified and briefly described by the institutions, which had the possibility to present a maximum of five actions. The main topics addressed were chronic diseases, psychology (conflict management, aggressiveness, ill-treatment), maternity, screening, prevention and vaccination. Regarding perspectives, 78% of actions concern disease and/or risks of disease (therapeutic or preventive perspectives) and 22% concern the maintenance or improvement of health. 90% of listed and described actions are permanent, and only 10% are selective (limited), which suggests an evolution of projects and their integration in practices. Concerning the number of projects, two aspects were analysed: the number by institution and the evolution over the last twenty years. On average, there are 3.2 actions per institution. As for the evolution, 7% of hospitals said they had at least one education action/project in 1980, 60% in 1990 and 98% in 1998. This amazing and remarkable evolution occurred simultaneously to the development of education committees, of patient education co-ordinators and/or resource persons. In this field, there was also a remarkable evolution since the creation of the first committees in 1983. Amongst the elements encouraging the development of information and health education initiatives and actions mentioned by hospital managers, the first one is a demand from the public (and patients). It is the first time, since the existence of such surveys that this factor is mentioned as the most important.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Aren't health services already promoting health?

Smoke-free health care environments are now the norm in Australia and exemplify the way in which environments for health care can become more health promoting. Community health services that assist people with chronic illnesses and disabilities to increase control over their lives, hospitals that provide nutritious food choices for staff and patients, and general practices that encourage routine preventive care throughout the life span are other examples of health-promoting environments. In their roles as providers of services, employers, community corporations and citizens, health care organisations have a wide range of opportunities for developing their capacity for health promotion. These include transforming the principles and values on which service delivery models are based, developing an organisational capacity for health promotion through staff training and designing programs, services and facilities to promote health. While some industry accreditation programs are evolving to embody specific elements that are health promoting, significant barriers to this area of organisational development continue to exist. These include disincentives linked with health care financing and the values, priorities and skills of health care workers who must turn rhetoric into practice. Just as the introduction of smoke-free environments success on research findings and a supportive political and social milieu to be successful, the further development of environments for health care which are health promoting in other ways will need to be driven by evidence and advocacy.

Australia↗
PubMed1999

The politics of health promotion: influences on public health promoting nursing practice in Ontario, Canada from Nightingale to the nineties.

The marked and significant differences in the various meanings ascribed to health promotion in professional literature provide evidence of the concept's evolution over the last half of the 20th century and testify both to the powerful influences of dominant ideologies and the invisibility of others. The "new public health" marks a return to a conceptualization of health that is consistent with a nursing paradigm and thus potentially useful in supporting nursing health promotion practice. To take full advantage of this knowledge, however, it is critical that nurses reclaim their legacy in health promotion, critically appraise outside influences that threaten to undermine their work, and educate the public and other disciplines about nursing's unique focus on health promotion.

Health Promotion↗