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PubMed2006

Students in the community: an interprofessional student-run free clinic.

Students in the Community (SITC) is an interprofessional collaboration of health science students at the University of Washington. SITC runs a weekly free clinic at the Aloha Inn, a transitional housing facility for 70 homeless men and women in downtown Seattle. The focus of this clinic is on health education, chronic disease management, and re-integration of patients into the healthcare infrastructure. SITC serves as a valuable service learning opportunity for students. In addition to direct clinical services, students gain experience in planning health education strategies, community collaboration, and evaluating intervention outcomes. SITC also oversees a lecture and discussion-based elective course at the University of Washington focused on health issues of the homeless community and provides formal teaching which complements the service-learning component of the endeavor.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1997

Multiprofessional education in social medicine and clinical ethics.

This contribution describes a project of multiprofessional education in social medicine and clinical ethics based on educational experience of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University in conjunction with the Centre of Gerontology Prague. This undergraduate program will be offered to medics, stomatologists and health science students including the English course and will invite to participate students from non-medical faculties such as social science, pedagogy, theology, interested in ethics of health care providing. Basic principles of the new project are: education in clinical setting, early student-patient contact, multiprofessional education in common seminars of problem based learning small groups and developing various forms of communication.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1995

Differences in family of origin functioning among graduate students of different disciplines.

Compared the degree of dysfunction in the family of origin of psychology graduate students to that of graduate students in the disciplines of business, education, engineering, and health sciences. Students were accessed through University of Alaska Anchorage graduate departments. Family background was assessed with the Index of Family Relations (IFR; Hudson, 1990a), the Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI; Beavers, Hampson, & Hulgus, 1990), and relevant demographics obtained from a biographical questionnaire. Results indicated significant differences among the student groups; psychology graduate students demonstrated higher degrees of family dysfunction than students in other disciplines. Implications of these findings for psychology graduate training programs are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effective interdisciplinary training: lessons from the University of North Carolina's student health action coalition.

PURPOSE: To identify essential elements of effective interdisciplinary training through an evaluation of the University of North Carolina's Student Health Action Coalition (SHAC), an interdisciplinary service learning program for health science students. METHOD: In 2004, 516 SHAC volunteers were asked to complete a 52-item, online questionnaire. Responses were tallied by volunteer role, and four of the resulting "divisions" (counseling, medical care, interpretation, and community outreach) were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative rating schemas. The four divisions were compared on volunteers' perception of two concepts: (1) the level of interdisciplinary training achieved and (2) the potential for working together, or "community capacity." RESULTS: A total of 283 students accessed the online questionnaire, and 281 provided consent and filled out some portion of the questionnaire, an overall response rate of 54%. A total of 159 of the 281 respondents (57%) reported volunteering most often for one of the four divisions of interest. The respondents in each volunteer division reported a level of interdisciplinary training similar to that division's level of community capacity. The division responsible for counseling services indicated the least interdisciplinary training, earning 4 points on an 8-point rating schema. This group also reported low levels of participation, group skills, information sharing, shared values, sense of community, and social networks. The community outreach division reported the highest level of interdisciplinary training, receiving 8 out of 8 points. They also had high levels of participation, group skills, information sharing, networking, and sense of community. CONCLUSIONS: Effective interdisciplinary training goes hand in hand with five elements identified from the community capacity literature: participation, training in group skills, information sharing, networking, and critical reflection. Program planners and evaluators should pay particular attention to the social environment so as not to reinforce professional stereotypes that interdisciplinary programs are meant to dispel.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2000

Smoking habits of students in College of Applied Medical Science, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a baseline data on the smoking habits of health science students in a Saudi Arabian university environment. METHODS: The participating subjects were students of the College of Applied Medical Sciences within the age range of 18 to 26. An experimental design with pre-structured questionnaires, and simple random sampling was administered to 712 participants by a panel of experts in behavioral health sciences. RESULTS: Out of 647 respondents, 186 (29%) were current smokers. Of those that indicated that they were currently smokers, 127 (20%) were male and 59 (9%) were female. The 20-24 year old age group exhibited the highest prevalence of smoking (P<0.000). Major factors influencing the smoking prevalence were the smoking habits of peers, siblings, and parents (P<0.005). Most of the respondents appeared to be Light Smokers , consuming less than 10 cigarettes per day. When asked of their awareness of the health hazards of smoking, 73% of the respondents answered that they were aware of the hazards. Of those that smoked, 70% expressed a desire to cease cigarette smoking. Media influence was considered to be the major source of information on the health consequences of cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking is prevalent among students of health care professionals. Author advocates a collaborative effort in order to alleviate the consequences of cigarette smoking among health professionals. This effort must embody a multidisciplinary approach that includes legislators, mass media, public education and health professionals at all levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Allied health students' perceptions of and experiences with Internet-based case study instruction.

A challenge for educators is to develop instruction that produces competent clinicians and thinkers who are also information-literate. Case-based instruction used with the Internet may help. This study examined the experiences of students in an advanced cardiopulmonary science course (CPS 1320) that utilized case studies placed on the Web. A 29-item online survey was completed by 34 of 39 allied health science students enrolled in CPS 1320. Four of the 39 were interviewed about their experiences with Internet-based case studies. Results indicated that placing cases on the Internet assisted students with the practical application of theoretical knowledge. Those surveyed expressed a preference for Internet-based instruction and indicated that Internet-based case assignments were better than traditional lectures for teaching advanced cardiopulmonary sciences. However, for many, the approach fostered independent versus collaborative work. Also, while increasing access to information, the Internet was consumer-focused and distracting. More research is indicated to understand how allied health students experience and perceive instruction on the Internet.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2006

What motivates managers to coordinate the learning experience of interprofessional student teams in service delivery settings?

This article addresses the realities of providing interdisciplinary student team placements (i.e., experiential team learning for students) in healthcare settings. Three site coordinators from different clinical settings in Alberta (a geriatric assessment unit, a geriatric dementia care unit, and a primary healthcare centre), who facilitated Student Team Placements from the University of Alberta (UofA) in 2004, comment on their experiences and incentives for participating in interdisciplinary teamwork with students. The coordinators suggest that students provide input into the sites' continuous quality improvement cycle, contribute to host organizations, and confer benefits for the student preceptors, the staff and the patients who participate. The site coordinators also recognize and accept the responsibility common to all service providers, to model a unique site culture that promotes learning/teaching of team skills for health science students. The experience of others in the literature supports our findings that two systems--the system to educate health professionals and the system that influences the health of the community--can interact so that each realizes a mutual benefit.

Alberta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of the Spanish version of the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ).

The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) in Spanish. The CSFQ was administered to 206 depressed patients in different Spanish cities, to 326 health sciences students at the University of Oviedo, and to 48 workers undergoing routine health check-ups. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was administered to the depressed patients. The average time spent answering the CSFQ was 15.19 minutes. The CSFQ discriminated the depressed patients from the workers and university students. In the three areas of reliability (internal, test-retest, and inter-rater), the coefficients obtained were greater than 0.80. The factor analysis demonstrated differences in the internal construct of the American CSFQ and its Spanish equivalent. The psychometrc properties of the Spanish version of the CSFQ indicate that it is a valid instrument for clinical use in treating depressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Resolving inconsistencies in tutor expertise research: does lack of structure cause students to seek tutor guidance?

PURPOSE: To investigate under what conditions tutors' subject-matter expertise influences student achievement. METHOD: Data were analyzed from 1,800 University of Limburg Faculty of Health Sciences students who in 1989-90 participated in tutorial groups led by content-expert staff tutors, non-expert staff tutors, or student tutors. Each student participated in an average of 4.1 tutorial groups. Overall, 4,111 data records were available for analysis. The basic analyses were of (1) students' achievement scores as a function of tutors' levels of subject-matter expertise and students' prior knowledge; (2) students' achievement scores as a function of tutors' levels of subject-matter expertise and educational units' levels of structure; and (3) differences in achievement between students guided by tutors of different levels of expertise in either high- or low-structure units. Statistical methods included analyses of variance. RESULTS: The level of subject-matter expertise of tutors had a positive influence on student achievement. Similar results were found for the students' prior knowledge and the levels of structure of the units; the more prior knowledge students had, the better were their performances on the end-of-unit test; and the higher the level of structure of the unit, the better the achievement. More important, interactions were found between tutor expertise on the one hand and prior knowledge and unit structure on the other, tutor expertise being mainly important if the unit was poorly structured or students reported lack of prior knowledge. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that students need a minimum level of structure in order to profit from problem-based instruction. This structure can be internally provided through prior knowledge available for understanding the new subjects, or offered by the environment in the form of cues of what is relevant and what should be the focus of the activities. If prior knowledge falls short, or if the environment lacks structure, students will turn to their tutors for help and direction. Under those conditions, students who are guided by a subject-matter expert tutor may benefit more than students guided by a non-expert staff tutor or by a student tutor. These findings may explain the widely divergent results of tutor-expertise research.

Achievement↗
PubMed1997

[Leisure-time physical activity of first-year students in 3 health science departments].

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a well-known risk factor for many chronic diseases which have high prevalence in developed countries. The aims of this study are to describe leisure-time physical activity levels and to identify preferences for its practice among first grade students in three Health Sciences Faculties at the University of Barcelona. METHODS: During the year 1994-95, a total of 887 first grade students of three Faculties, Pharmacy (n = 573), Medicine (n = 222) and Dentistry (n = 92), were interviewed using a recall of their leisure time physical activity over last 8 months. Physical activity level was classified into four categories: non-active, low, medium and high, based on the number of hours per week. Statistical methods consisted in the estimation of rates, comparisons using the chi-square test, and computing the odds ratio. RESULTS: Women were 75% of students. Fifty per cent of men and 71.5% of women referred to be non-active or having low physical activity level (chi 2 = 36.8; DF = 3; p < 0.0001), being no evidence of association with current smoking or overweight (Body Mass Index > or = 25). Among the rest of students, men's most frequently reported activities were football, swimming and tennis, and those of women's were swimming, aerobic and tennis. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity level among first grade health sciences university students is poorly exemplary. More physical activity promotion is needed, particularly to female students, as an important primary preventive measure among this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Graded check lists to assist undergraduate students in self-directed learning and assessment in general and systematic anatomical pathology.

To guide undergraduate medical, dental and health science students undertaking self-directed learning and preparing for examinations in general and systematic pathology, comprehensive graded check lists of selected learning topics have been prepared. Each topic is allocated a grade of 0 (knowledge of the topic not required), 1 (awareness of existence of condition needed, but detailed information not required), 2 (moderately important) or 3 (very important, substantial knowledge required). As students advance through the undergraduate medical course they are provided with replacement lists in which the gradings of many topics have been increased to match requirements for increased knowledge. Over the five years that these check lists have been used, they have received a high level of approval, students finding them increasingly useful as self-directed learning progressively replaces didactic teaching methods. The introduction of the check lists has markedly reduced student inquiries regarding the levels of knowledge required for examinations, and has proved useful to teachers involved in the setting and marking of student assessments. As a result of student pressure, other departments have introduced graded topic lists.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion mini-grants: grassroots implementation in New Mexico.

The populations of New Mexico are ethnically diverse, with large Hispanic and Native American components, and live in communities that are geographically dispersed and economically challenged. The University of New Mexico is located in Albuquerque, the state's only major urban area, and houses the state's only academic health sciences center. In 1986, the University received a grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation to establish health promotion/disease prevention curricula for health science students and create two Wellness Centers on campus. The Wellness Centers train students to be providers of health information and learn how to counsel and assist people with changing health-related behaviors. A campus-wide employee health promotion program was also implemented. Most of the instructional and service programs initiated by the grant have continued with stable institutional support. A later phase of the project was to encourage other agencies and organizations throughout New Mexico to adopt or expand their own health promotion initiatives. An operating premise of this phase was that local initiatives should respond to locally perceived priorities. To accomplish this, a program of mini-grants was designed to assist in creating health promotion programs within a variety of topic areas. Thirteen mini-grants were awarded to agencies representing diverse groups and cultures throughout New Mexico. Our experience with the mini-grants and the ability of organizations to sustain the activities past the period of grant support are described. The successful use of mini-grants has been reported elsewhere in the literature.

Health Planning Support↗
PubMed2006

Teaching therapeutic communication VIA camera cues and clues: the video inter-active (VIA) method.

For nursing and other health care students to be effective, remain in their training, and subsequently join the health care workforce, they need to have good therapeutic communication skills. This article presents an innovative strategy to improve therapeutic communication skills for nursing and health sciences students. The Video Inter-Active (VIA) computer-based, challenge-response-record-evaluate method used in this pilot study engaged students in realistic responses to scenarios commonly encountered in health care settings and provided them with opportunities to see themselves and critique their responses. Findings from this pilot study indicate that the VIA method is an effective and efficient way for students to develop and practice therapeutic communication skills. In a relatively short period (5 weeks), their learning from this method far

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Teaching nutrition to medical students: a community-based problem-solving approach.

This paper presents a community-based problem-solving educational programme which aims at teaching medical and other health science students the importance of nutrition and its application. Through community surveys students assess the nutritional status of children under five using different anthropometric methods. They understand the cultural beliefs and customs related to food fads and the reasons for them. They also acquire the skill to educate the community using the information gathered. They use epidemiological methods such as case control study to find associations between malnutrition and other causative factors. Feedback from students has been positive and evaluation of students' knowledge before and after the programme has shown significant improvement.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1994

Creating the teachers of tomorrow's professionals.

Changes in the health delivery system will require individuals with different skills, attitudes, and values. There will be increased attention to population and clinical perspectives in education, research, and service, and more emphasis on functioning effectively as a team in providing care to persons with complex needs. A community-oriented health care delivery system focuses on health and pays more attention to the nonmedical provinces of public health, social work, and nursing. A letter that might be written by a health science student in 10 years gives a vision of the future education for physicians and nurses.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2003

Increasing ethnic diversity in cancer control research: description and impact of a model training program.

BACKGROUND: There is little ethnic diversity at the doctoral level among researchers in cancer control. The Minority Training Program in Cancer Control Research is designed to encourage underrepresented master's level health science students to pursue doctoral training and careers in research. METHODS: Program components include an annual 5-day summer institute, internships, and doctoral incentive awards. Intention to pursue doctoral training is measured before and after participation. Doctoral applications and enrollment are tracked through annual surveys. RESULTS: Seventy students participated during the first three years, 1999-2001. Intention to apply increased significantly for each class (year one, p %lt; 0.001; year two, p = 0.042; year three, p = 0.006). Thirty-one percent of participants have either enrolled in doctoral programs (n= 10) or report plans to apply in the next one to two years (n = 9). Over half of these students indicated that the MTPCCR had a positive influence on their plans. CONCLUSIONS: A targeted training program encourages under-represented students to pursue doctoral degrees and thus has the potential to increase ethnic diversity in public health research.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educating for evidence-based practice.

Several countries have developed policy initiatives that require health care to be evidence based and health science students to study under an evidence-based curriculum as well as learn how to practice in an evidence-based way. Evidence-based nursing (EBN) is too new to have any actual research on which to base a curriculum. However, in the absence of evidence, several schools of nursing have moved or are moving forward. This article presents ideas and examples gleaned from colleagues around the world on the why's and how's of teaching EBN. Finally, this article calls for the funding and planning of an evaluation of evidence-based curricula and teaching strategies for continued development of the field.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗