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Results for “Human Challenge Trials as Topic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Intervention research: a model from the National Cancer Institute's Smoking and Tobacco Control Program.

Recognizing that the scientific method is as critical to cancer control as it is to basic laboratory research, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) established a well-defined, systematic strategy for attaining its cancer control goals and objectives. This strategy, operationalized in the early 1980s as a five-phase process, emphasized cancer control as a research science rather than a demonstration science. The five phases of NCI's cancer control research strategy progress from hypothesis development, to methods development, to controlled intervention trials, to defined population studies, and finally to demonstration and implementation programs. This research base provides the foundation for nationwide prevention and health services programs. The application of this five-phase approach to NCI's efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality attributable to tobacco use is described, and some of the challenges that faced the Institute in this process are identified. These experiences provide an important framework for other disciplines faced with the challenge of translating science into practice.

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

United Kingdom Medical Research Council Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (UKALL) Trials I-VIII: clinical features and results of treatment in four groups of children with adverse prognostic features.

Four groups of children with poor-prognosis disease were selected for study from the Medical Research Council childhood ALL trials. Each group was reviewed for distinguishing clinical features and response to therapy. The four comprised those with a diagnostic white cell count over 50 X 10(9)/l, those with a mediastinal mass, those less than a year old at diagnosis, and those presenting with meningeal involvement. They accounted for 17, 5.3, 2.6, and 3%, respectively, of unselected children with ALL. As expected, all four categories showed significantly inferior relapse-free survival to the rest, but only in patients with a mediastinal mass and in the under-1-year-olds did a recognisable syndrome emerge clearly associated with other clinical features. These two syndromes, high-count T-ALL and high-count infant null-ALL, are logical candidates for alternative therapy. Established meningeal disease also continues to present a major therapeutic challenge.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Malaria vaccines 1985-2005: a full circle?

Few who were actively engaged in malaria vaccine research 20 years ago (including myself) would have imagined that, in 2005, there would still be a prediction of a 10-20-year horizon before vaccines become part of malaria-control strategies. Why is it still proving so challenging to produce effective vaccines?

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): a new approach to treating cancer.

mTOR is a downstream mediator in the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating basic cellular functions. These include cell proliferation, survival, mobility and angiogenesis. Rapamycin and its analogues (CCI-779, RAD001 and AP23573) have specific antagonistic action on the function of mTOR. This leads to inhibition of the downstream signalling elements and results in the cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. This group of drugs may have a place in Oncology for the treatment of cancers, which occur as a result of increased activity of the PI3 kinase/Akt/m-TOR pathway. The basic structure of the pathway was reviewed in this article, together with results of the clinical studies targeting mTOR for cancer therapy. This is an exciting area for development and poses many challenges to researchers.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hypertension research perspective in the United States.

Hypertension affects 30% of the U.S. adult population or 58 million Americans. A comprehensive national research effort has been developed for attacking this problem on multiple fronts including basic research, applied research and development, clinical research, clinical trials, demonstration and education research, and technology transfer through the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. As a result, important new insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension and advances in its control have been realized, but this momentum needs to be sustained to meet the many challenges presented by this disease.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Translating preclinical insights into effective human trials in ALS.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective dysfunction and death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The disease is typically fatal within 3-5 years of symptom onset. There is no known cure and only riluzole, which was approved by the FDA in 1996 for treatment of ALS, has shown some efficacy in humans. Preclinical insights from model systems continue to furnish ample therapeutic targets, however, translation into effective therapies for humans remains challenging. We present an overview of clinical trial methodology for ALS, including a summary rationale for target selection and challenges to ALS clinical research.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗