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Results for “Immunophenotyping”

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PubMed2001

Cytology and immunophenotyping of low- and intermediate-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a predominant small-cell component: a study of 56 cases.

Diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas based on cytologic evaluation of fine-needle aspirates and body cavity fluids has gained increasing acceptance. However, the accurate diagnosis and classification of low- and intermediate-grade B-cell lymphomas with a predominant small-cell population still present a diagnostic challenge. In this study, we reviewed the cytology and immunophenotype of 56 cases of low- and intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas composed of predominantly small cells, with histologic correlation in all cases. These cases consisted of 23 small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLL), 15 follicular center lymphomas (FCL), grade I (small cell predominant), 8 lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas (LPL), 6 mantle-cell lymphomas (MCL), and 4 marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Histologic comparison was available in all cases. A cytologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was made in 46 (82%) cases. Based on cytomorphology and immunophenotyping of cytologic material, 39 (85%) cases were correctly classified using the Revised European and American Lymphoma classification. In 7 (11%) cases, which included 3 FCLs, 2 MALT lymphomas, and 2 SLLs, the findings were atypical but not diagnostic of lymphoma. There were 3 (5%) false-negative cases. They were 2 SLLs and a FCL. Immunophenotyping done in 4 "atypical" cases was noncontributory. No marker studies were done in the remaining "atypical" case and all false-negative cases. We conclude that cytology, when used in conjunction with immunophenotyping, can accurately diagnose and in most instances subclassify low- and intermediate-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a predominant small-cell population.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Clinical relevance of immunophenotype in a retrospective comparative study of 297 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, unspecified, and 496 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: experience of the Intergruppo Italiano Linformi.

BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of T-cell/B-cell phenotype on clinical outcome, the authors retrospectively compared patients who had peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL-U), with patients who had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: Two hundred ninety-seven cases of PTCL-U and 496 cases of DLBCL that had been transferred from the files of the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi or the Gruppo Italiano Linfomi were integrated into a unique working file and reviewed by the authors. RESULTS: The PTCL-U group and the DLBCL group had significantly different distribution patterns with respect to patient age, gender, disease stage, performance status (PS), the presence or absence of systemic "B" symptoms, the presence or absence of bulky disease, lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and number of extranodal sites (ENS). A significantly greater number of patients in the DLBCL group experienced complete remission (P < 0.0001). Multinomial logistic regression analysis confirmed that immunophenotype, PS, LDH concentration, and number of ENS were independent predictors of response. At a median follow-up duration of 43 months, there was no observable difference in disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with DLBCL and patients with PTCL-U; however, multivariate analysis did reveal that poorer PS and bone marrow involvement were significantly associated with shorter DFS. Furthermore, although the overall survival (OS) curves associated with the T-cell and B-cell immunophenotypes were significantly different from each other at a median follow-up duration of 37 months (P = 0.0012), Cox multivariate analysis excluded immunophenotype from the final OS model. CONCLUSIONS: The findings made in the current study indicate that the natural history of PTCL-U may differ from that of DLBCL. Patients with PTCL-U tended to have less favorable clinical outcomes, although the observed difference in outcome was only partially attributable to immunophenotype, which was independently associated with response, but not with survival. Differences in prognostic factor distributions between patients with PTCL-U and patients with DLBCL may account for some portion of the expected phenotype-associated risk.

Disease-Free Survival↗

PubMed2006

Routine immunophenotyping in acute leukemia: Role in lineage assignment and reassignment.

Diagnostic evaluation of acute leukemia at Roswell Park Cancer Institute has routinely included immunophenotyping by multiparameter flow cytometry. In a retrospective analysis of 646 cases, morphology and cytochemistry established lineage in 612, but not in 34 (5%), of which 26, 5, and 3 were myeloid, undifferentiated, and lymphoid, respectively, based on immunophenotyping. In addition, immunophenotyping changed the lineage assigned based on morphology and cytochemistry in 11 cases (2%); 8 changed from lymphoid to myeloid, and 3 from myeloid to lymphoid. The data support routine inclusion of at least limited immunophenotyping in the diagnostic evaluation of acute leukemia.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Lacrimal gland lymphoma: a cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic study.

The cytomorphology of lacrimal gland lymphoma has not been specifically described. Herein we present six cases of histologically proven lacrimal gland lymphoma which we analyzed using fine-needle aspiration cytology, cell suspension immunophenotype analysis, and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement studies. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed atypical populations of cells comprised of either monomorphic small round lymphocytes with or without plasmacytoid features (4 cases), a mixed population of small and large irregular lymphocytes (1 case), or a population of large irregular lymphocytes (1 case). The initial cytologic diagnosis was malignant lymphoma in all six cases. Cell suspension immunophenotype analysis demonstrated that the lesions were composed predominantly of B-cells that expressed monotypic surface immunoglobulin. Three cases demonstrated an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. The atypical cytologic features and the abnormal immunophenotype were consistently predictive of malignant lymphoma. Given that these lesions are small and biopsy material is often limited, fine-needle aspiration offers the advantage of providing tissue that is ideal for cytologic and cell suspension immunophenotype evaluation, obviating the need to provide surgical biopsy material for this purpose. We conclude that fine-needle aspiration can identify malignant lymphoid lesions of the lacrimal gland and may serve as a valuable adjunct in the assessment of these lesions. Additional study is warranted to determine whether fine-needle aspiration can reliably distinguish between benign and malignant lymphoid proliferations of the lacrimal gland.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Clinical relevance of three subtypes of primary sinonasal lymphoma characterized by immunophenotypic analysis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of subtypes categorized by immunophenotypic analysis in primary sinonasal lymphomas. METHODS: Eighty patients with localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses were divided into three subtypes on the basis of their immunohistochemical findings: (A) B-cell lymphoma (n = 19), (B) T-cell lymphoma (n = 27), and (C) natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (n = 34). The clinicopathologic profiles, immunophenotypic data, patterns of treatment failure, and survival data among the three patient groups were retrospectively compared. RESULTS: The nasal cavity was the predominant site of involvement in T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphoma, whereas sinus involvement without nasal disease was common in B-cell lymphoma. Systemic B symptoms were frequently observed in NK/T-cell lymphoma. Almost all patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma showed a strong association with the Epstein-Barr virus by in situ hybridization studies. Sixty-five patients (81%) patients achieved complete remission after initial treatment, but 36 (55%) of these subsequently experienced treatment failure. Although there were no significant differences in locoregional failure rates among the patients of the three groups, distant failure was far more common in B-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma than in T-cell lymphoma (p =.005). Most B-cell lymphoma cases showed a predilection for sites of systemic failure in the nodal and extranodal sites below the diaphragm, such as the paraaortic lymph nodes or the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma showed an increased risk of systemic dissemination to the skin, testes, or GI tract, including the development of hemophagocytic syndrome. The 5-year actuarial and disease-free survival rates for all patients were 57% and 51%, respectively. Of the three subtypes of primary sinonasal lymphomas, T-cell lymphoma seemed to carry the most favorable prognosis and NK/T-cell lymphoma the worst. (The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 57% for B-cell lymphoma, 80% for T-cell lymphoma, 37% for NK/T-cell lymphoma; p =.02, log-rank.) By univariate and multivariate analyses, immunophenotype was identified as the most important prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the three subtypes of primary sinonasal lymphomas classified by immunohistochemical studies exhibit different clinical profiles, different patterns of failure, and different treatment outcomes. Given these observations, it is concluded that the recognition of these distinct subsets, diagnosed on the basis of immunophenotypic study, is very important and clinically relevant in predicting their potential behavior and prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Immunophenotyping of B lymphocytes by multiparametric flow cytometry in bone marrow aspirates of healthy adults.

Establishing reference ranges by multiparametric immunophenotyping of mature B cells in bone marrow of healthy adults is of interest because the detection of bone marrow infiltration and persistence of light chain restriction, as well as discrimination between reactive and malignant lymphocytes are important applications of B-cell immunophenotyping. To determine the pattern of antigens as expressed by malignant mature B lymphocytes in the present study, bone marrow aspirates of healthy adults were investigated for the presence and percentage frequency of those antigens as defined for immunophenotyping of B cells by the REAL Classification. For this purpose, analysis of CD19-positive B lymphocytes by 'live gate' analysis was performed. The established two-color as well as three-color stainings will serve as a basis for future investigations designed to test multiparametric analysis of B lymphocytes in bone marrow aspirates. All investigated antibodies stained with varying percentage frequency on B-cell subtypes, and no statistical significant difference was found between bone marrow aspirates of women and those of men. On the basis of this analysis, all the reported lineage antigen combinations are present both in malignant B lymphocytes and in normal B cells in considerable percentage frequency. These findings are of importance for follow-up investigations of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by multiparametric immunophenotyping.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Simultaneous detection of cytokine and immunophenotype at the single cell level by immunoenzymatic double staining.

The goal of this study was to establish a generally applicable immunoenzymatic method for the simultaneous detection of cytokine and immunophenotype at the single cell level. Evaluating various cell preparations and staining protocols, we found that permeabilization by saponin (0.1%) is very efficient, in combination with glutaraldehyde (0.04%) as fixative. Among various staining procedures, sequential immunoperoxidase labelling of the cytokine by use of diaminobenzidine, and detection of the immunophenotype by use of 4-chloronaphthol proved most discriminative. The typical localization of the cytokine reaction product ('Golgi staining') within the cell, and the 'ring-like' staining for the immunophenotype on the cell surface, allowed precise identification of double-labelled cells. Primary monoclonal antibodies from the same species could be used without loss of sensitivity and specificity for either or both antigens. This method thus provides the opportunity to study morphology, cytokine and immunophenotype simultaneously at the single cell level with standard equipment. Its application for the analysis of tissue samples is in progress, and may allow us to incorporate the cytokine-type as a new parameter in histopathological diagnostics.

Adult↗

PubMed2007

Genotyping of phenotypically defined cells in neoplasia: enhanced immunoFISH via tyramide signal amplification (TSA) segregates immunophenotypically-defined cell populations for gated genotyping.

Molecular morphologic tools exist for simultaneously visualizing immunophenotype and genotype of tumors, but are frequently hampered by a delicate balance between removing sufficient amount of the protein blocking full access of the probe to hybridize to target nucleic acids while still preserving sufficient target antigen for immunophenotyping. The result is often suboptimal, with either insufficiently visualized gene deletions and amplifications due to masking protein, or overdigestion of the protein target. Our purpose was to design and validate a gated genotyping assay that enables optimal and concomitant detection of both gene and protein. Using the proliferating endothelial cell compartment within gliomas organized in a tissue microarray (TMA), we tested the hypothesis that tyramide signal amplification (TSA) with deposition of a fluorochrome could be used during immunophenotyping, permitting sufficient protein digestion while insuring probe accessibility to nucleic acid target. The method was successfully validated using a TMA containing 38 glioma cases previously genotyped for EGFR amplification. CD31 positive endothelial cells were segregated via TSA-based Alexa-Fluor 647 immunofluorescence for analysis of EGFR amplification of the gliomas organized in the TMA. Enhanced immunoFISH (TSA) successfully segregates immunophenotypically-defined cell populations for gated genotyping.

ErbB Receptors↗

PubMed2006

Development of quartz-crystal-microbalance-based immunosensor array for clinical immunophenotyping of acute leukemias.

An integrated piezoelectric immunosensor array has been developed to immunophenotype acute leukemias in clinic. Each quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was fabricated with plasma-polymerized film of n-butylamine, nanogold particles, and protein A (PA) to be used to immobilize antibodies in orientation. Leukemic lineage-associated monoclonal antibodies were separately immobilized onto the nanogold-PA-modified surface of the crystals, which were constructed by a 2 x 2 type of probes forming a QCM-based immunosensor array. The main detection conditions were investigated, including the immobilization amount of antibodies, pH, immunoreaction time, sample dilution ratio, etc. The immunophenotyping feasibility of the new technique was investigated through simultaneously analyzing Jurkat cells by the immunosensor array method, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. It was found that the developed technique could readily identify leukemia samples in 5 min and might monitor dynamically the immunoreaction processes. Moreover, comparison studies were carried out for CD antigens expressed on the nucleated cells isolated from 96 acute leukemic patients and 24 normal subjects using the QCM-based immunosensor method and the fluoroimmunoassay. Results obtained by immunophenotyping patients' samples with the immunosensor-based method achieved the rate of 88.93% in 768 groups of numerical data, where no significant statistical difference was observed between the two methods when checked by chi2 analysis (chi2 = 3.4, p > 0.05). This new immunosensor array showed the merits of high sensitivity, high specificity, good reproducibility, easy operation, and low cost. The results of specimen evaluation indicated that it might be clinically suitable for quantifying human differentiated leukocytes and immunophenotyping of acute leukemias.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2005

Immunophenotyping of acute leukaemias.

Progress in the management and understanding of acute leukaemia can only be obtained if these diseases are thoroughly investigated, both clinically and with a series of biological tools. This alone has made and still will make possible the identification of prognostic factors and of useful markers for the follow-up of patients in remission. Among the variety of approaches of acute leukaemia definition, immunophenotyping has taken over the past 25 years a predominant and now well-defined place, although room is left for further improvement. In this review, the current state-of-the-art of immunophenotyping of acute leukaemias will be replaced in the context of physiological leukocyte maturation. The recognized classifications and recommended immunophenotyping panels will then be discussed, and the clinical relevance of several key features will be presented. Finally, more recent openings for the use of immunophenotyping will be evoked.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Comparison of immunophenotyping by slide-based cytometry and by flow cytometry.

BACKGROUND: Flow cytometry (FCM) is the gold standard for immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Slide-based cytometry (SBC) systems, for example the laser scanning cytometer (LSC(R), CompuCyte), can give additional information (repeated staining and scanning, morphology). In order to adequately judge the clinical usefulness of LSC for immunophenotyping it is obligatory to compare it with FCM. AIM: The aim of this study was to systematically compare immunophenotyping by both FCM and LSC methods and to test the correlation of the results. METHODS: PBLs were stained with directly labeled monoclonal antibodies with the whole blood staining method. Aliquots of the same paraformaldehyde fixed specimens were analyzed in parallel by a FACScan (BD-Biosciences) using standard protocols and by LSC with different triggers (forward scatter, CD45 FITC, or 7-AAD). For 7-AAD measurements by LSC, slides were additionally fixed with acetone before 7-AAD staining. RESULTS: Calculating the percentage distribution of PBLs obtained by LSC and by FCM showed very good correlation with regression coefficients close to 1.0 for the major populations and the lymphocyte sub-populations (neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes; T-helper-, T-cytotoxic-, B-, NK-cells). The best trigger for LSC was 7-AAD. CONCLUSION: LSC can be recommended for immunophenotyping of PBLs especially in cases where only limited sample volumes are available or where additional analysis of the cells' morphology is important. The detection of rare leukocytes or weak antigens is limited; in these cases appropriate amplification steps for immunofluorescence should be engaged.

Dactinomycin↗

PubMed2000

Immunophenotyping of leukemia.

Modern immunophenotyping of hematological malignancies by flow cytometry is assisted by a wide array of easily accessible monoclonal antibodies, by antibodies conjugated to diverse fluorochromes, and by reliable techniques for cell membrane permeabilization. Simultaneous assessment of multiple surface and intracellular markers at diagnosis reduces the number of cells required, helps the identification of the malignant cells and determines the degree of immunophenotypic heterogeneity of the malignant cell population. A few critical markers are sufficient to establish the lineage association in the majority of cases of acute and chronic leukemias and lymphomas. More extensive immunophenotyping can provide information about the cells' stage of differentiation, assess the expression of prognostically important features, and determine clonality. The identification of leukemia-associated immunophenotypes can be used for monitoring minimal residual disease during therapy. The presence of cells expressing these phenotypes in patients who are in clinical remission is associated with an increased risk of relapse.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2001

Flow cytometric DNA-quantification of three-color immunophenotyped cells for subpopulation specific determination of aneuploidy and proliferation.

A method is described for three-color immunophenotyping and simultaneous DNA-quantification using a flow cytometer equipped with a 488-nm argon laser and a mercury lamp (UV). The approach includes reproducible immunophenotyping comparing antigen expression before and after cell manipulation for DNA-measurement. The coefficients of variation after DNA-staining (CV=3.13 for T-cells in peripheral blood and CV=3.38 for T-cells in bone marrow) were adequate for exact DNA-analysis. For aneuploidy detection, a true internal standard was established measuring, for example, the DNA-content of T-cells in B-cell disease simultaneously with the DNA-content of the malignant cells. Using this method, aneuploidies could be unequivocally detected in 17 out of 24 patients with multiple myeloma. Furthermore, intratumor heterogeneities in DNA-content and antigen expression could be recognized, allowing an exact separation of tumor cells and normal hematopoiesis. The study also demonstrated the importance of exact immunophenotypic characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and the determination of their specific proliferation, for example after proliferation induction in cell cultures. Future studies should address the applicability of this rather simple multiparameter approach for simultaneous immunophenotyping and DNA-measurement especially in the detection of minimal amounts of aneuploid cells after chemotherapy.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia chromosome 17 abnormalities and not trisomy 12 are the single most important cytogenetic abnormalities for the prognosis: a cytogenetic and immunophenotypic study of 480 unselected newly diagnosed patients.

Of 560 consecutive, newly diagnosed untreated patients with B CLL submitted for chromosome study, G-banded karyotypes could be obtained in 480 cases (86%). Of these, 345 (72%) had normal karyotypes and 135 (28%) had clonal chromosome abnormalities: trisomy 12 (+12) was found in 40 cases, 20 as +12 alone (+12single), 20 as +12 with additional abnormalities (+12complex). Other frequent findings included abnormalities of 14q, chromosome 17, 13q and 6q. The immunophenotype was typical for CLL in 358 patients (CD5+, Slg(weak), mainly FMC7-) and atypical for CLL in 122 patients (25%) (CD5-, or Slg(strong) or FMC7+). Chromosome abnormalities were found significantly more often in patients with atypical (48%) than in patients with typical CLL phenotype (22%) (P < 0.00005). Also +12complex, 14q+, del6q, and abnormalities of chromosome 17 were significantly more frequent in patients with atypical CLL phenotype, whereas +12single was found equally often in patients with typical and atypical CLL phenotype. The cytomorphology of most of the +12 patients was that of classical CLL irrespective of phenotype. In univariate survival analysis the following cytogenetic findings were significantly correlated to a poor prognosis: chromosome 17 abnormalities, 14q+, an abnormal karyotype, +12complex, more than one cytogenetic event, and the relative number of abnormal mitoses. In multivariate survival analysis chromosome 17 abnormalities were the only cytogenetic findings with independent prognostic value irrespective of immunophenotype. We conclude that in patients with typical CLL immunophenotype, chromosome abnormalities are somewhat less frequent at the time of diagnosis than hitherto believed. +12single is compatible with classical CLL, and has no prognostic influence whereas chromosome 17 abnormalities signify a poor prognosis. In patients with an atypical CLL immunophenotype, chromosome abnormalities including +12complex, 14q+, del 6q and chromosome 17 are found in about 50% of the patients, and in particular chromosome 17 abnormalities suggest a poor prognosis.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia using an integrated piezoelectric immunosensor array.

Immunophenotyping evaluation is of particular importance for the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of acute leukemia. In this paper, an integrated piezoelectric immunosensor array has been developed for the first time to detect the differentiated leukocyte antigens for immunophenotyping of acute leukemia. The probes (crystals) of the array were fabricated with plasma-polymerized n-butylamine film and nanometer-sized gold particles on which the Fab'-SH fragments obtained by the reduction of leukemic lineage-associated monoclonal antibodies (markers) were subsequently immobilized. Investigation results showed that the developed immunosensor array could rapidly identify normal cells from leukemic blasts and define the leukemic blasts within certain phenotypic groups (lineages) by only one analysis of the sample purified or unpurified. It permits the detection of unpurified leukocytes in the dynamic concentration range of 2 orders of magnitude (10(4)-10(6) cells mL(-1)). Up to 17 successive assay cycles with retentive sensitivity were achieved for the probes regenerated with 8 M urea. Moreover, the piezoelectric immunoassay system was applied to evaluate a number of practical specimens with immunophenotyping results in acceptable agreement with those clinically classified. The newly proposed multiparameter analysis technique provides a rapid, simple, and direct alternative tool for clinical immunophenotyping of acute leukemia.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2006

Immunophenotyping of acute leukemias using a quartz crystal microbalance and monoclonal antibody-coated magnetic microspheres.

Immunophenotyping, which utilizes panels of lineage-associated monoclonal antibodies to recognize clusters of differentiation (CD) antigens expressed on various leukocytes, plays a key role in the clinical diagnosis of acute leukemias. In this paper, a rapid, simple, and automatic immunophenotyping technique for acute leukemias has been initially proposed by incorporating immunomagnetic separation and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurement. Core-shell paramagnetic microspheres of silica-coated ZnFe2O4 were newly fabricated following a W/O microemulsion route and further functionalized for anchoring separately CD antibodies of lineage-different leukocytes. The resultant immunomagnetic microspheres were introduced, in turn, to capture target leukocytes from the samples and were magnetically accumulated onto the protein A-modified QCM to be analyzed. The response characteristics of the developed QCM system for immunophenotyping various lineage-defined leukocytes were investigated in detail. Results indicate that this new technique can allow for easy and clear identification of acute leukocytes of lymphoid and myeloid origins as well as their subsets. It may also permit the quantitative determination of acute leukocytes with cell concentration down to approximately 10(3) cells mL(-1). Moreover, the applicable feasibility of the QCM immunophenotyping method was validated through assessing a number of clinical specimens, which phenotypes are in acceptable agreement with those obtained by the immunoenzyme assay clinically used for this purpose.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2002

Histomorphologic and immunophenotypic analysis of fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and sporadic disease.

BACKGROUND: Fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas are benign dermal neoplasms that likely derive from the mantle of the hair follicle and can occur sporadically or in association with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (BHDS). Little is known about the pathogenesis and immunophenotypic properties of these entities. METHODS: We investigated the histomorphologic and immnophenotypic properties of 15 fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas in two patients with BHDS and eight with sporadic disease. RESULTS: We found the following: (1) fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas occurring in the setting of BHDS show microscopically contiguous histomorphologic features as compared to those occurring sporadically; (2) the immunophenotypic characteristics of syndromic-associated and sporadic types are identical and consist of (3) perifollicular vimentin (+), CD34 (+) and Factor XIII (-) spindle cells. CONCLUSIONS: Despite subtle histomorphologic differences, trichodiscomas and fibrofolliculomas are immunophenotypically similar, and are thus likely derived from a similar histogenic precursor. Given the previously reported CD34 (+) immunophenotype of the hair mantle, our findings would support an origin of these lesions from the mantle of the hair follicle. The proliferation of CD34 (+) spindle cells seen in conjunction with these lesions should not be confused with other CD34 (+) dermal entities.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with germinal center B-cell-like differentiation immunophenotypic profile are associated with high apoptotic index, high expression of the proapoptotic proteins bax, bak and bid and low expression of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-xl.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relations between differentiation immunophenotypes and the status of apoptosis and proliferation in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Therefore, the bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 differentiation immunophenotypic profiles were studied in relation to (a) the apoptotic index, (b) the apoptosis-associated bcl2 family proteins bcl2, bcl-xl, bax, bak, bad and bid, (c) the proliferation index (Ki67) and (d) the cell cycle proteins cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D3, cyclin E, p53, Rb, p16 and p27 in 79 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Two major differentiation immunophenotypic profiles were distinguished: the germinal center B-cell-like profile; 31 cases (bcl6+/CD10+/-/MUM1-/CD138-: 29 cases and bcl6-/CD10+/MUM1-/CD138-: two cases) and the nongerminal center B-cell-like profile (bcl6+/-/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138-); 48 cases. The expression of bax, bak and bid and the apoptotic index were significantly higher in the germinal center B-cell-like profile than in the nongerminal center B-cell-like profile (P=0.045, 0.018, 0.003 and 0.034, respectively). In contrast, the expression of bcl-xl was significantly lower in the germinal center B-cell-like profile than in the nongerminal center B-cell-like profile (P=0.026). The expression of bcl6 and CD10 showed significant positive correlation with the expression of bax (r=0.659, P<0.001 and r=0.240, P=0.033, respectively), bak (r=0.391, P<0.001 and r=0.233, P=0.039, respectively) and bid (r=0.652, P<0.001 and r=0.238, P=0.035, respectively) and significant negative correlation with the expression of bcl-xl (r=-0.536, P<0.001 and r=-0.250, P=0.029, respectively). The expression of MUM1 showed significant negative correlation with the expression of bax (r=-0.276, P=0.014) and bid (r=-0.266, P=0.018) and significant positive correlation with the expression of bcl-xl (r=0.238, P=0.037). The above findings indicate that diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with germinal center B-cell-like immunophenotypic profile are associated with increased apoptosis status, high expression of the proapoptotic proteins bax, bak and bid and low expression of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-xl.

Apoptosis↗