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This report presents a new sign of ossicular dislocation utilizing high resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. In the case of lateral dislocation of the incus, a "Y" shaped configuration (Y sign) of the malleoincudal complex is seen in the coronal views even though the axial views present a normal "ice cream cone" configurations.
Investigation of a series of histological sections of 40 auditory bones showed the existence of a dense partially developed connective tissue between the long process of the incus and the lenticular process. This indicates that the lenticular process is a separate bone--the least in the body (weight--0.12-0.20 mg, diameter--0.5-0.8 mm).
Previous reports of the blood supply to the lenticular and long processes of the incus have failed to consider the potential contribution of the periosteal vascular plexus. This scanning electron microscopic study of vascular foramina on the cortical bone surface demonstrates that there is no statistical difference between the numbers of vascular foramina on the lenticular and long processes, as opposed to the body and short process. These results suggest that the blood supply to this portion of the ossicular chain may not be as tenuous as has been thought.
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The histological reactions to the implantation of allogenetic and xenogenetic lyophilized and gamma-sterilized material into the middle ear of rabbits and men is described. In contrary to the behaviour of allogenetic material the xenogenetic shows a clear minor tendency of revitalisation. The reason is the antigen-antibody-reaction which takes place at the capillary network of the donor and leads to a hylinosis with following obliteration of the vascular rete. Therefore the angiogenetic osteogenesis cannot develop. The clinical usuability of such material is discussed.
Protein and mucopolysaccharide metabolism was studied in the auditory ossicles of rabbits after administration of tritiated amino acids to three and of S35 to two animals. No differences between S35 and aminoacid turnover was seen, indicating a parallelmetabolism of proteins and mucopolysaccharides of the intercellular substance. The tissue, cartilage and bone, shows a metabolism on the molecular level. Areas of cartilage ground substance adjacent to the incudomalleolar joint and the interglobular spaces are not labelled by the radioactive substances. They are excluded from metabolical turnover, while the adjacent cells remain vital. This observation indicates a change of cellular properties, from cartilage to bone cell. The subperiostal bone has lower metabolism than the underlying skeinlike bone. Few osteones were found.
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Thirty normal incudes were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the pattern and degree of bony remodelling. The body and short process appeared stable throughout life. By contrast, the lenticular and long processes demonstrated marked osteoclastic activity with a tendency to undergo progressive erosion with advancing age.