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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Stability of zidovudine in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection.

The stability of zidovudine at a concentration of 4 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags stored at room and refrigerated temperatures for up to eight days was studied. Zidovudine was diluted in 5% dextrose injection and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection to a concentration of 4 mg/mL. Six admixtures were prepared with each diluent; three were stored at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degree C) and three were refrigerated (4 +/- 1 degree C). At 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 192 hours, 2-mL aliquots were removed. One milliliter of each aliquot was diluted to a zidovudine concentration of approximately 40 micrograms/mL and assayed in duplicate by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Visual inspection was performed at each sampling time for precipitation, turbidity, color change, and gas formation. Sample pH was recorded at 0 and 192 hours. In all admixtures, more than 97% of the initial zidovudine concentration remained throughout the study period. No visual or pH changes were observed. Zidovudine 4 mg/mL in admixtures with 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags was stable for up to 192 hours (eight days) at room temperature and under refrigeration.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1991

Percutaneous procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of lower back pain: diskography, facet-joint injection, and epidural injection.

This review discusses the indications, techniques, complications, and results of three percutaneous procedures used to evaluate and treat lower back pain: diskography, facet-joint injection, and epidural injection. Diskography, performed by injection of contrast medium into the nucleus pulposus, is a technique used to determine the cause of lower back pain in patients in whom findings on other imaging studies are normal or conflicting. Injection of steroids and anesthetic into the facet joints of the lumbar spine is useful to diagnose or treat patients with facet syndrome (back pain caused by abnormalities of the facet joints). Injection of steroids and anesthetic agents into the epidural space provides short-term relief, and can sometimes provide permanent relief, of lower back pain.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗

PubMed1979

Absorption kinetics of subcutaneously injected insulin. Evidence for degradation at the injection site.

The absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin was examined by injecting semisynthetic [3H] insulin in anaesthetized pigs and subsequently analysing the tissue excised from the injection site. Contrary to previously accepted views, a significant proportion of insulin was degraded at the injection site. The disappearance of intact [3H] insulin from the injection site followed a monoexponential function with a half-time of 59 min.

Absorption↗

PubMed1989

Anal submucosal injection: a new route for drug administration in pelvic malignancies. IV. Submucosal anal injection in the treatment of cancer of uterine cervix--preliminary study.

Seven patients with advanced cancer of the uterine cervix were treated by anal submucosal injection of methotrexate. Each course consists of five injections, one every 5 days; each injection contains 100 mg of methotrexate. The course was repeated at 3-week intervals and was given on an outpatient basis. Investigations were performed before, during, and after treatment. Methotrexate blood level was measured 4 and 24 hours after administration. Complete response occurred in all seven patients. Relapse occurred in four but could be controlled by further methotrexate administration. Average duration of survival is 46 1/2 months. No side effects were encountered as a result of a low methotrexate serum level that was recorded 4 hours after administration, 0.82 mumol after anal injection compared with 2.8 mumol for the intravenous route. The beneficial effect seems to be the result of the high methotrexate concentration in uterine and tumor tissue. The route adopted by the drug to reach the uterus from the anal submucosa is through the hemorrhoidogenital communicating veins. This preliminary study demonstrates that anal injection of methotrexate is effective in the treatment of advanced cancer. It is safe, well tolerated, and can be used as an outpatient treatment.

Aged↗

PubMed1983

Periodontal ligament injection: distribution of injected solutions.

In a simulation of the clinical technique, a radiopaque solution and a colloidal carbon suspension were injected into the periodontal ligament in dogs by means of a standard syringe. The colloidal carbon method was superior and demonstrated that the injected material was found in soft tissue and adjacent hard structures and in the vessels of the pulps of the immediate and adjacent teeth. The distribution of the dye did not relate to the injection volume and needle location but was consistently more widespread when injections were given under moderate to strong pressure. The technique appears to be a form of intraosseous injection.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

PubMed1985

Vasopressin pressor antagonist injected centrally reverses behavioral effects of peripheral injection of vasopressin, but only at doses that reverse increase in blood pressure.

Previous work in rats (Ader, R. and De Wied, D., Psychon. Sci., 29 (1972) 46-48) has established that subcutaneously (s.c.) injected arginine vasopressin (AVP) prolongs extinction of active avoidance and that this effect could be prevented by pretreatment with the vasopressin antagonist analog [1-deaminopenicillamine, 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]-beta-arginine vasopressin (dPtyr(Me)AVP). The purpose of the present study was to determine if peripherally administered AVP acts via a peripheral blood pressure effect or by a direct action in the central nervous system. We therefore tested the effects of the antagonist injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) on the prolongation of active avoidance and on blood pressure effects of s.c. injected AVP. The antagonist (i.c.v.) blocked the behavioral effects of systemically injected AVP only at dose sufficient to block the peripherally mediated pressor response of systemically administered AVP. The results show that peripherally injected AVP acts on peripheral systems and support our hypothesis that the peripheral visceral action of AVP contributed significantly to its behavioral action.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

A control, double-blind comparison of mepivacaine injection versus saline injection for myofascial pain.

In a double-blind study 28 patients with acute, localised muscle pain received four local injections of mepivacaine 0.5%, and 25 patients with the same type of pain received local injections of an equivalent volume of physiological saline. The group receiving saline tended to have more relief of pain, especially after the first injection. The results thus show that pain relief is not due merely to the local anaesthetic. The study therefore raises questions about the mechanism by which local injections into muscle relieves pain, since there is the possibility that a similar effect might also be achieved by merely inserting a needle into the trigger point. Physiological saline is considered to be a more appropriate fluid for injection therapy than local anaesthetics since it is less likely to produce side-effects.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1995

The effects of joint washout and steroid injection compared with either joint washout or steroid injection alone in rheumatoid knee effusion.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending rheumatology out-patients who had a symptomatic knee effusion were randomly allocated to receive one of three treatments: group I, a steroid injection without washout; group II, a joint washout with normal saline; group III, a joint washout with normal saline and steroid injection. Sixty knees in all were studied. Laboratory parameters for disease activity (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) were monitored in all patients prior to the study and at 3 months. Clinical assessment of disease activity (pain, morning stiffness involving the knee, circumference of the knee, walking distance and range of movement) were recorded prior to the study, at 1 month and at 3 months. All three treatments, resulted in a reduction of pain and increased movement. However, patients who had a joint washout alone showed significantly less improvement as compared with the other two groups. Symptomatic improvement was marginally greater in patients following joint washout and injection than in those who had had joint injection alone. The results of the study indicate that the simple procedure of joint aspiration and steroid injection, which can be carried out in the out-patient clinic, provides satisfactory relief of symptoms in rheumatoid patients with knee effusions. Joint washout alone was less beneficial.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Botulinum toxin injection for adductor spastic dysphonia: patient self-ratings of voice and phonatory effort after three successive injections.

Ten patients (aged 35 to 70 years) with neurologic adductor spastic dysphonia rated themselves on a 7-point scale of severity for degree of voice improvement and physical effort after a series of three injections of botulinum toxin. Symptoms were noticeably reduced 24 and 48 hours after injection; this improvement was followed by considerable fluctuations in voice quality and phonatory effort. With successive injections, patients differed in their post-injection experiences, the time required to reach optimal voice, and the total duration of benefit. The study shows that the course of voice change after botulinum toxin injection is not predictable, uniform, or equal among patients with spastic dysphonia.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Response of plasma catecholamine and PRA to i.v. injection of glucagon in upright posture after furosemide injection in essential hypertension (author's transl)].

To investigate the pathogenic role of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension, we evaluated plasma catecholamine and PRA levels after glucagon stimulation and during one hour in upright posture after i.v. injection of furosemide. In nine normal and high renin essential hypertensive (NHRH) subjects, i.v. injection of 1000 micrograms of glucagon caused rapid and significant increases in plasma epinephrine(E) concentration. Both the 5 min. level after glucagon injection (314 +/- 30 pg/ml, mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.05) and peak value (358 +/- 87 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) were significantly higher than the basal level(170 +/- 25 pg/ml). Plasma norepinephrine(NE) concentration of the peak value(1065 +/- 231 pg/ml) was significantly higher than the basal(357 +/- 50 pg/ml, p less than 0.02). PRA levels increased in 4 out of 9 patients. In seven patients with low renin essential hypertension(LRH), there was an impaired PRA response to glucagon, E also failed to increase at any time after glucagon injection, but peak value of NE(1212 +/- 274 pg/ml) was significantly higher than the basal level(391 +/- 77 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). NE level of NHRH during one hour in upright posture after i.v. injection of 40 mg of furosemide were higher than LRH. Particularly at 10 min. level, the NE level of NHRH(895 +/- 115 pg/ml) was significantly higher than LRH(523 +/- 91 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). These results suggest that the sympathetic-adrenomedullary function in LRH is diminished, and the renin secreting ability of JG cells is also diminished in LRH. The glucagon stimulation test is useful to assess renin secreting ability of JG cells.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Fluoroscopic contrast medium percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (FCM-PEIT): newly developed clinical useful method for injecting ethanol into nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma].

We have performed fluoroscopic contrast medium percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (FCM-PEIT) total 266 times to 82 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules in 44 HCC cases: FCM-PEIT is the newly developed method that HCC nodules are punctured by a needle and injected with ethanol mixed with water-soluble contrast medium (Iopamidol containing 370 mg/ml iodine) (vol/vol: 7/3) under the fluoroscopic observation as well as ultrasonic diagnostic equipment (US). Autopsy analyses have demonstrated nearly complete tumor necrosis by FCM-PEIT. We analyzed the detectable rate (%) of the contrast medium-mixed ethanol (CME) leakage out of HCC nodules by US-alone, fluoroscope-alone, and US-fluoroscope observation. The detectable rate of the leakage was 63% by US-fluoroscope, while was only 32% by US-alone. Particularly, all leakages into intra hepatic bile duct were missed by US-alone. The maximal CME-amount for injection without any leakage was not uniform and not related to the size of HCC nodules. The present results suggest that FCM-PEIT is clinically more useful method for the treatment of HCC compared to general PEIT that HCC nodules are injected with ethanol under the US-alone observation, since it is easy to confirm whether ethanol can be sufficiently injected into HCC nodules without any leakage.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1992

Reduced incidence of insulitis in NOD mice following anti-CD3 injection: requirement for neonatal injection.

The incidence of diabetes in NOD mice is reduced following a single neonatal injection of the anti-CD3 antibody, 145.2C11. We now show that the reduction in incidence is greater when the antibody is given in the first than in the third week of life. Anti-CD3 antibody injected in macro-aggregated form did not protect the recipients from insulitis and protection was diminished when elimination of the antibody was accelerated by injecting anti-hamster IgG. Protection was not reversed when anti-CD3 injection was followed by anti-CD4 and anti-CD8. Animals neonatally injected with anti-CD3 were not protected from the induction of diabetes following transfer of spleen cells from diabetic donors. These results contrast with the view that anti-CD3-mediated protection from diabetes depends on a long-lived change in recipient T cells. The findings are consistent with immunosuppression alone being an adequate explanation for the effect of anti-CD3 antibody on susceptibility to diabetes in NOD mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Effects of melatonin and control injections on pineal serotonin and norepinephrine: afternoon injections lower serotonin levels thirty-six percent at light-dark transition.

Pineal weight and serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) contents were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats that were maintained under controlled light:dark conditions (LD 14:10; lights on 0700-2100) and that received daily subcutaneous injections of either melatonin (20 micrograms in 0.1 ml per animal) or the same volume (0.1 ml) of vehicle alone, at one of two times (0800-0900 or 1800-1900). Animals were sacrificied at four times (1000, 1400, 2000, or 2300) on the day after the last of the 7 consecutive d of injection. Pineal glands were quickly weighed and then frozen for 5-HT and NE assay by the Maickel and Miller extraction and fluorescence methods. Pineal NE content showed differences related to time of day, in confirmation of early work. But no effects attributable specifically to melatonin were found. Melatonin also failed to affect pineal 5-HT content significantly. But injection of either melatonin or vehicle at 1800-1900 led to a reduction in 5-HT content averaging 36% when sampled at either 2000 or 2300, and in comparison with animals injected at 0800-0900. It is suggested that a stresslike or zeitgeberlike effect of injections within a critical period at the end of the daily light phase can cause an earlier-than-normal daily fall in pineal 5-HT content.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Prospective randomized study on the effect of ranitidine against injection ulcer after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices.

Thirty-five consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices were randomly allocated to either ranitidine-administered group (18 patients) or ranitidine-nonadministered group (17 patients), in an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of ranitidine for prevention and healing of postinjection ulcer with a prospective randomized trial. Two of seventeen patients in the nonadministered group dropped out of this trial because of development of gastric ulcer, so 18 patients in the first group were evaluated and compared with the 15 remaining patients in the second group. Sclerotherapy was performed with 5% ethanolamine oleate and 0.6% polydocanol; the mean number of injection courses and the mean amount of sclerosant were the same in both groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two groups in either the occurrence rate or the size of injection ulcer 1 wk after the last session. However, the persistence rate of ulcer 1 month after last injection in the ranitidine-administered group was significantly lower than that in the ranitidine-nonadministered group (6.3% vs. 38.5%, p less than 0.05). Our study demonstrated that ranitidine administration will help to hasten healing of postinjection ulcer, although it was not effective for prevention of injection ulcer.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Comparison of the efficacy of a single daily injection versus fractionated injections of ceftriaxone in the treatment of acute experimental pyelonephritis].

Unilateral acute pyelonephritis were produced in rabbits by injecting E. coli, using the retrograde route and after a temporary ureteral obstruction. Animals were treated with ceftriaxone IM at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d and 100 mg/kg/d (corresponding to 1 g/d and 2 g/d in humans) either by a single daily injection or by two daily injections at 12th intervals. Sacrifices were performed at day 5 and 7 of therapy. Analysis of bacteriological, morphological and histological data obtained in infected kidneys demonstrates that the single daily injection of ceftriaxone is more effective than the same dose divided in two injections at 12 h intervals. These results are observed as well with low and high doses of ceftriaxone.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of 0.9% sodium chloride injection with and without heparin for maintaining indwelling intermittent injection sites.

The efficacy of 0.9% sodium chloride injection with and without heparin in maintaining indwelling intermittent ("heparin lock") injection sites was studied. All patients in whom heparin locks were placed after admission to the medical and surgical units of a 128-bed acute-care hospital during a six-month period were included in the study. Three different solutions were used to flush heparin locks: 0.9% sodium chloride injection alone, heparin 10 units/ml in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and heparin 100 units/ml in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Solutions were randomly assigned to all patients on a given nursing unit for a two-month period; flush solutions were switched every two months until each of the three solutions had been used on both the medical and surgical units. Heparin locks were flushed after each medication administration and every eight hours when medications were not being given. Using a standardized evaluation form, one of five i.v. therapists evaluated each site daily for the presence of phlebitis and loss of patency. Length of catheter placement and the percentage of patient days during which patients received cephalosporin and penicillin antibiotics were examined for each group. Rates of site loss caused by phlebitis or loss of patency were compared in each group. A total of 412 patients representing 1448 patient days of heparin-lock therapy was evaluated. No significant differences were found among the three groups in the mean duration of heparin-lock placement, the percentage of patient days during which antibiotics were prescribed, or the rate of site loss caused by phlebitis or loss of patency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Catheters, Indwelling↗

PubMed1978

[Comparative stereometric study of the intramural arterial bed of the human myocardium using injection and non-injection methods].

Comparative sterometric study of intramural arterial bed of the left ventricle wall of 20 injected and 30 non-injected hearts of practically health adults aged from 24 to 27 years (after violent death) was conducted. The volumetric density index of intramural arterial bed(Vv) of the myocardium of the left ventricle wall was on the average 9 times less in case of non-injected hearts than in the injected ones. The Vv was the greastest in the middle type of the coronary circulation of the heart. The non-linear dependence between the Vv and the age was revealed. The Vv decreased with the increase of the heart weight. With the equal indices of the heart weight the Vv was significantly higher in females than in males. The non-injection sterometric method used for the study of the inorganic arterial bed simplifies and objectifies the estimation of the state of myocardial blood supply and can be used in anatomopathological practice.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Anal submucosal injection: methotrexate concentration in rectal tumor tissue and serum after anal compared with parenteral injection.

As the results of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced rectal cancer are unsatisfactory, more effective regimens and routes of administration are being tried. Submucosal anal injection of methotrexate (MXT) has given encouraging results in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. This communication studies the MXT level in serum and rectal cancer tissue after either anal submucosal or parenteral MXT administration. Twenty four patients, mean age 46.4 years (16 men and eight women), with stage C rectal cancer were divided into two equal, age- and sex-matched groups. MXT (50 mg) was administered to each patient intravenously in one group and into the anal submucosa in the other. A blood sample was taken 30, 60 and 120 min after injection, and again after 24 h. A tumor sample was also taken each 30 and 60 min of injection. The serum and tissue MXT levels were determined using a radioimmunoassay kit. The serum MXT concentration was significantly higher after parenteral than after anal injection. Meanwhile, the concentration of MXT in tumor tissue was higher after anal administration. In conclusion, the anal route of administration of MXT, by inducing a high MXT concentration in the tumor tissue associated with a low serum level, might achieve satisfactory therapeutic results in advanced rectal cancer, with minimal side effects.

Adult↗