The Medicare view of ambulatory care records.
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In 1974, more than three-fourths of the civilian population had substantial economic protection through private health insurance against the costs of hospital and surgical care. Smaller proportions were covered at least in part for other health care costs, usually after payment of deductibles and coinsurance. Consumers got back 87 percent of their premium dollars in the form of benefits. The rise in premium income in 1974 lagged 4 percentage points behind the growth in claims incurred. The result was a net underwriting loss of $359.7 million or 1.3 percent of premium income. Most consumers bought their health insurance protection through insurance companies, although Blue Cross-Blue Shield plans served about two-fifths of the insured population for hospital-associated care. In addition, about 6 percent received health care through independent prepayment and self-insured plans.
This report examines the major forms of administration of private health insurance plans. Plans are classified according to whether they are employer-only or joint worker-employer-operated and according to whether they are negotiated or not. A further focus of examination that often reflects industry patterns is whether the plans cover workers of a single employer or involve multi-employer arrangements. These classifications of administration and the method of insuring benefits are examined in terms of proportions of workers with specified plan characteristics and health benefits.
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This paper aims to report on a successful medical system in a very successful country, politically organized as a federal republic, which put 12 billion Swiss francs in its Health budget in 1980. It also reports on the training of Swiss physicians with special reference to internal medicine and emphasis on their independence. The benefit of close collaboration between the public and the private sector should appear obvious even if this situation might be jeopardized by too many new graduates for fewer patients.
Tympanostomy tubes are employed when middle ear ventilation is indicated, particularly when other forms of treatment have failed. Few other uses have broad acceptance. Any other insertion of a ventilating tube implies abuse, either through error in diagnosis or deliberate misapplication. Hard statistical data relating to abuse are impossible to obtain, but ample illustrations can be cited. The cost-benefit ratio is difficult to assess. Cost of a myringotomy and tube versus the cost of a tympanomastoidectomy was determined in four geographic areas. These figures, however, do not reveal how many ears were spared and how much hearing was conserved by tympanostomy tubes. Informed, diligently aggressive use of tympanostomy tubes offers greater potential to avoid serious middle ear disorders and complications than any other single modality.
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