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The effects of radiographic contrast media on leucocyte orientation.

The effects of radiographic contrast media (RCM) on leucocyte orientation in vitro were studied using a Zigmond chamber. Leucocyte orientation was assessed following exposure of the leucocytes to iotrolan, iohexol, ioxaglate and diatrizoate. The RCM used were diluted to a concentration similar to that obtained in vivo during routine angiography. At this concentration there was a significant reduction in leucocyte orientation for all RCM investigated but the effect was more pronounced in the monomeric than the dimeric RCM. The results may have significance when deciding which radiographic contrast medium to use in selected patients, particularly those who are immunosuppressed or septicaemic.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗

Double blind comparison of meglumine iotroxate (Biliscopin), meglumine iodoxamate (Endobil), and meglumine ioglycamate (Biligram).

Two new intravenous cholegraphic agents, iotroxate and iodoxamate, hold a lower general toxicity, lower protein binding, and claim a higher rate of biliary excretion. Both compounds proved to be equally effective in opacifying the gallbladder and the bile ducts in a double-blind clinical study comprising 400 cases. Iotroxate gave significantly earlier good or adequate visualization as a result of its higher excretion rate by the liver (P less than 0.05). Side effects were observed in fewer patients in the iotroxate group (11.6%) compared with the iodoxamate group (16.4%, P greater than 0.05). In a second double-blind study, an iotroxage group of 97 patients who received two thirds of the overall content of iodine (3.6 g) was compared with a group of 98 patients, who received ioglycamate (5.3 g). Visualization was equal in the two groups, while side effects were significantly reduced to 10.3% in the iotroxate group against 20.4% (P less than 0.05). The higher biliary clearance of iotroxate permits a reduction of the amount of iodine.

Adult↗

Infusion cholecystography--an aid in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.

Early operation of patients with acute cholecystitis is nowadays accepted as the treatment of choice. One prerequisite for this policy is, however, the availability of diagnostic procedures that can rapidly secure or, even more important, exclude the diagnosis to avoid unnecessary operations. Infusion cholecystography was here shown to be an accurate method giving decisive information in patients with clinically suspected acute cholecystitis. The gallbladder was not visualized in 26 out of 45 patients with inconclusive clinical signs of acute cholecystitis. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was confirmed at operation or by a typical clinical course in these 26 patients. In the 19 patients with visualized gallbladder diagnosis other than acute cholecystitis were established by acute operation or by other means.

Acute Disease↗

A clinical and radiological trial of meglumine loglycamate, a new intravenous cholangiographic contrast medium.

The efficacy of meglumine ioglycamate was assessed in 100 unselected patients who underwent cholangiography for various reasons. Good to excellent opacification was achieved in 69% of all patients. A total of 17% of all patients showed side-effects, the majority of which were transient and of a minor nature. Blood pressure and liver function were apparently not affected, but SGOT levels increased transiently within 24 hours in 21% of patients. Renal excretion of the contrast medium occurred in 48% of patients, but in only 2 did it interfere with visualisation of the duct.

Adolescent↗

[A comment on the article by Taenzer, V., et al.: Intravenous cholegraphy with Chologram(R), Fortschr. Röntgenstr. 123 (1975) 414].

A comparison of the results published by Taenzer et al. shows: 1. The contrast value of the new hepatotropic substance Iotroxamid (Chologram) in man is of the same order as the previously available contrast media Bilivistan and Biligram (Ioglycamide) 2. The reputedly improved tolerance of the new substance should be confirmed in a more extensive clinical material under the stated conditions. 3. The question whether Chologram permits greater flexibility with regard to the timing of the examination must also remain open for the present.

Cholangiography↗