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PubMed1974

Contraceptive distribution in Brazil.

Brazil's 1st program for the community based distribution of contraceptives is successfully in 30 municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte, a state in Brazil's arid Northeast. Already, over 5000 women have been reached by the program, which is operated by the State Secretariat of Health with technical assistance provided by BEMFAM, and IPPF affiliate, under an agreement signed by the governor of Rio Grande do Norte and BEMFAM. In December, several newspapers reported that the program was in possible violation of a law prohibiting distribution of contraceptives without a prescription. After conferring with the secretary of health and local BEMFAM personnel in Rio Grande do Norte, Dr. Walter Rodrigues, executive director of BEMFAM, declared: "There has been no violation of the law for the simple reason that the program was carried out by the Public Health Secretariat's Department of Maternal and Child Care and under the responsibility of its own doctors." He added that BEMFAM had provided both training and technical assistance. According to Dr. Rodrigues, the matter arose when certain well known groups that oppose family planning took advantage of an opportunity to hinder the development of the program. He also pointed out that the nurses and midwives who dispense the pill obtain a prescription for their patients from a local doctor. Many mayors of the 150 municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte have requested the governor and secretary of health to start the program in their municipality. However, expansion of the new distribution program to additional areas will take place gradually as the number of trained personnel and resources increase. Brazil's President elect General Ernesto Geisel takes office in March. The new president, a Lutheran, will be the 1st Protestant to lead Brazil.

Americas↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Asian workshop recommends injectables.

Injectable contraceptives are now in use in over 65 countries, including 15 developed nations. At the 1st Asian Regional Workshop on Injectable Contraceptives, held in Thailand in May, this fact was underlined and the conclusion reached that it was time that other countries should review the acceptability of and need for injectable contraceptives in the context of their own national family planning programs. Over 50 people from 11 countries, including Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, took part. The workshop was also attended by IPPF's deputy medical director, Dr. Pramilla Senanayake. The largest clinical experience in the use of injectable contraceptives is in Asia, and the participants of the workshop were able to meet 10 of the Thai women who had had the injectable, Depo-Provera, continuously for over 10 years. These women had not missed a single injection, and had had no serious side effects, nor any unwanted pregnancies during this time. In a discussion on the recent decision of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to refuse a license for Depo-Provera in the U.S., it was pointed out that on 2 successive occasions Depo-Provera had been recommended for approval to the FDA by its own Obstetric and Gynecological Advisory Committee. (The membership of this advisory committee was made up of U.S. experts in obstetrics and gynecology.) Medical data were considered which showed that the return of fertility with Depo-Provera was comparable to that with oral contraceptives or IUDs, and method failure extremely low. On the evidence now available the workshop agreed that on the grounds of safety, exceptional use-effectiveness, and acceptability, injectable contraceptives had a valuable role to play in family planning. No serious adverse effects had been reported, freedom from metabolic effects was important, and earlier concern about the return of fertility after discontinuation had been dispelled. The current evidence on the safety of injectables did not indicate that this method would be less safe than oral contraceptives or IUDs.

Asia↗

PubMed1997

A view from the grass roots.

A 14-member study team learned firsthand about promotion of family planning and maternal and child health (FP/MCH) in China while in the country during August 17-30, 1997. The self-funded team was headed by JOICFP Chairman Masao Sawaki and included representatives of the public health and preventive health field as well as an official from a Japanese university. The team first traveled to Fangshan District of Beijing where implementation of JOICFP's Integrated Project (IP) began in 1996. A fifth-cycle project area, Fangshan is receiving assistance from IPPF through JOICFP for a period of 3 years. The team moved north to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to observe IP activities in Tumud Left Banner of Hohhot City, a second-cycle project area which received support between 1987 and 1989. The third area visited was Yunnan Province in the south, where they observed activities in Jiangchuan County, a third-cycle area which was supported between 1990 and 1992. The comparison between the pilot area and original project areas was rewarding for the team, which noted that activities had continued to expand with support from the people after the 3-year funding period had ceased. In Inner Mongolia, the team noted how parasite control has been effectively used to gain community participation in activities. The project has expanded from 2 towns with a population of 50,000 to cover 19 towns with 343,000 people. In Jiangchuan Country, the IP has expanded from 5 towns with 108,000 people to cover 12 towns with 240,000. Prior to the project launch in 1989, the infant mortality was 60/1000 live births and the hospital delivery rate was 45%. These had improved to reach 23.3/1000 and 87%, respectively, as of 1996.

Asia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Most countries not meeting financial targets to implement ICPD -- Ms. Ingar Brueggemann.

Ms. Ingar Brueggemann emphasized that human resources, motivation and financial resources were required for action, and that the role of the parliamentarians was most important in influencing governments to give more resources to population and reproductive health, or to take decisions in making use of those resources. Ms. Brueggemann summarized the current resource mobilization context by mentioning that most countries were not meeting the target of 0.7% of their GNP to official development assistance; that global average was about 0.22%; and that general trend was toward declining aid budgets. By 1996, donors had provided only 35% of their share to meet the total requirement of US$17 billion by the year 2000 for the implementation of population package of the ICPD Program of Action. All major population and reproductive health organizations had seen their income decrease since ICPD. The main multilateral agency in population, UNFPA, and one of the largest NGOs, IPPF, received voluntary contribution, uncertain and vulnerable by definition, increasingly earmarked to specific activities or countries, and often managed in decentralized manner. During the ICPD+5 process, the insufficiency of the resources was highlighted as the main obstacle to the implementation of the ICPD Program of Action. Ms. Brueggemann emphasized both the need to increase the availability of resources and to make the most effective use of those resources, in a world where there was increasing competition for limited resources. There was a need for more coordination among those competing for the same resources, based on their comparative advantages.

Behavior↗

PubMed2004

[Experimental research on tea saponin ameliorating nonoxynol spermicidal action in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of tea saponin in ameliorating nonoxynol(N-9) spermicidal action in vitro. METHODS: According to the improved spermicidal test method in vitro recommended by International Planned Parenthood Foundation (IPPF), we evaluated the minimum spermicidal concentration of N-9, tea saponin and their mixed solution in 20 s and 3 min. RESULTS: The minimum spermicidal concentration of N-9 in the mixed solution was (0.13 +/- 0.05) g/L in 20 s and (0.05 +/- 0.004) g/L in 3 min, and that of the tea saponin in the mixed solution was (2.40 +/- 1.07) g/L in 20 s and (1.27 +/- 0.38) g/L in 3 min, compared with the single ingredient N-9 [(0.48 +/- 0.15) g/L in 20 s, (0.34 +/- 0.079 g/L in 3 min], and tea saponin [(5.78 +/- 1.40) g/L in 20 s, (1.71 +/- 0.176) g/L in 3 min], P < 0.01. CONCLUSION: Tea saponin can improve N-9 spermicidal action in vitro, and tea saponin and nonoxynol have proved of synergic effect.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

International Conference on Better Health for Women and Children through Family Planning: recommendations for action.

The importance of upgrading and revitalizing family planning programs so that health and human needs can be better met was addressed by 225 governmental and nongovernmental leaders from 60 countries at the International Conference on Better Health for Women and Children through Family Planning, in Nairobi, Kenya, 5-9 October 1987. Family planning as a health measure, to prevent unwanted and high-risk pregnancies and the resulting deaths of hundreds of thousands of mothers and children in the developing world, was the focus of the conference. It was sponsored by the major international organizations concerned with family health and population issues: International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), the Population Council, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Bank. The Recommendations for Action arising from the conference and reprinted below are endorsed by all seven of these sponsoring organizations and agencies.

Child Welfare↗

PubMedDate not supplied