SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “LEPROMIN”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical study of lepromin reaction in healthy adults.

Lepromin reaction was studied with immunoperoxidase techniques using monoclonal antibodies. The skin reactions were induced by injecting Mitsuda antigen into healthy adults without a family history of leprosy. Both early (48 hours) and late (3 weeks and 2 months) reactions were examined. In the late reaction, focal collections of epithelioid cells had formed, and not only T- but also B-lymphocytes were observed around the granuloma. CD1a+ cells were also confirmed to have increased in the late reaction.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reversion of the downhill course of active lepromatous leprosy by repeated transfusions of fresh blood, donated by healthy but lepromin positive patients.

Earlier studies of immunologic reconstitution therapy of active lepromatous leprosy patients by repeated infusions of viable allogeneic blood lymphocytes indicated a beneficial effect. In order to avoid cell separation and its associated risks, we attempted to transfer immunity passively into seven seriously ill lepromatous patients by repeated transfusions of fresh blood donated by healthy, but tuberculin and lepromin positive, subjects. The results showed clinical improvement in some cases with the elimination of Mycobacterium leprae, histological reversion and return of immunologic responsiveness.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Granulomatous reaction to intradermal injection of lepromin (Mitsuda reaction) is linked to the human NRAMP1 gene in Vietnamese leprosy sibships.

The Mitsuda test, which measures the specific immune response against intradermally injected lepromin, has a high prognostic value for susceptibility or resistance to the lepromatous form of leprosy. A sib-pair linkage analysis between the Mitsuda response and the NRAMP1 gene was done among 20 nuclear families with leprosy (totaling 118 sibs) from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. All family subjects were genotyped for several intragenic and flanking NRAMP1 markers, leading to the definition of a fully informative NRAMP1 haplotype. Significant linkage was observed between NRAMP1 and Mitsuda reaction when considered either as a quantitative (P<.002) or as a categorical (P=.001) trait. Separate analyses among healthy and affected sibs showed evidence for linkage in both subsamples, indicating that linkage between the Mitsuda reaction and NRAMP1 is independent of leprosy status. These results support the view that NRAMP1 plays a regulatory role for the development of acquired antimycobacterial immune responses as determined by in vivo Mitsuda test reaction.

Carrier Proteins↗

PubMed1993

Lepromin responses in recipients of a candidate antileprosy bacterin vaccine (WHO-IMMLEP Mycobacterium leprae killed preparation) in the USA.

BACKGROUND: Identification of the nine-banded armadillo as a potential source of massive numbers of Mycobacterium leprae led to the development of a candidate bacterin vaccine for possible immunoprophylaxis. METHODS: Volunteers were from a leprosy-hypoendemic, nonBCG-using area (USA). They had been vaccinated intradermally 3 years earlier with a candidate antileprosy bacterin vaccine of irradiated and autoclaved Mycobacterium leprae obtained from experimental nine-banded armadillos. They were tested for dermal responsiveness to standard lepromin A. RESULTS: Values for induration and erythema appeared slightly greater for the vaccinated group; however, the differences were not statistically significant, indicating no appreciable 'anamnestic' effect on either Fernandez (early) or Mitsuda (late) reactions after 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Because previous studies had demonstrated that administration of this bacterin produced no humoral changes, it now appears less probable that laboratory methods will be of much help in assessing even possible effectiveness of such vaccination.

Bacterial Vaccines↗

PubMed1975

Failure of levamisole to alter the lepromin reaction.

In a study of 37 leprosy patients, the oral administration of levamisole failed to provoke an increase in both the Fernandez and Mitsuda reactions to lepromins of human and armadillo origin. We interpret this as evidence against an effective specific immunostimulatory capability of levamisole in leprosy patients under the conditions of the study. Current knowledge of the mechanism of levamisole action supports the concept that the fundamental immunologic defect in lepromatosus leprosy may reside in the lymphocyte and not the macrophage, or the respective related functions of these two cell forms.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical study of cutaneous neuritis in positive lepromin reactions.

Sixty skin biopsies taken from positive tuberculoid and borderline-tuberculoid late lepromin reaction were studied using histological techniques. The distribution of mycobacterial antigen and nerves was demonstrated using immunochemical methods. A total of 557 nerve bundles was observed in 51 biopsies; 9 were devoid of nerves in the sections examined; 475 nerve bundles showed some relationship to the inflammatory infiltrate (85%); perineuritis being seen in 144 (30%) and endoneuritis in 5 (0.9%). Mycobacterial antigens inside the granuloma were detected in 59 of the 60 biopsies (98%). Only one specimen, showing a strong tuberculoid reaction, failed to show these antigens. On the contrary, mycobacterial antigen was absent in almost all nerves. Small deposits were detected in the perineurium of one nerve with perineuritis, and inside a Schwann cell of another, the latter belonging to a previously multibacillary patient. The neurotropic tendency of the granuloma does not seem to be stimulated by the presence of mycobacterial antigens inside the nerves, as normally these antigens do not penetrate them. The hypothesis of some antigenic fraction of the neural tissue which cross-reacts with Mycobacterium leprae antigens, thus eliciting a perineural or near-perineural inflammatory reaction is put forward, but needs further investigation.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1999

A comparative study on the Mitsuda type response to antigens of chemoautotrophic nocardioform bacteria and to standard lepromin in leprosy patients.

Anergy, or contrarily, Mitsuda-type responses towards 4 chemoautotrophic nocardioform antigens (CAN-Ags) and a control standard lepromin were tested in 73 LL, TT and borderline cases of leprosy. The antigens injected per patient varied from a maximum of 5 to a minimum of 2. Complete anergy to CAN-Ags was seen in 92/92 instances tested on 24 LL cases. The anergy was weakly modified or unmodified in 3 other LL cases which had been vaccinated before. Concurrent studies with the same antigens tested on 33 TT cases showed clear-cut, dose-dependent, Mitsuda-type late responses in 80/81 instances. The CAN bacteria, therefore, despite their origin from different unrelated leprous human, mouse footpad (MFP) and armadillo tissues, appeared to be identical with each other and also probably related to the leprosy bacillus, on the basis of these parameters.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Serum factors affecting the cell migration inhibition response to lepromin.

Cell migration inhibition of white blood cells in the presence of total protein lepromin (TPL) was studied in ten lepromatous patients, six tuberculoid patients, and ten normal controls; adding normal, tuberculoid, lepromatous, or no serum to the culture medium. Using normal or no serum, lepromatous patients and skin negative controls gave negative reactions, while tuberculoid patients and skin positive controls gave positive cell migration inhibitions. The addition of lepromatous serum gave a very significant overall increase of migration indices in all groups of subjects, turning to negative the positive reactions of lepromatous patients and positive controls. On the contrary, the addition of tuberculoid serum gave a decrease of migration index in all groups of subjects, turning to positive the reactions in lepromatous patients. The significance of these circulating factors, able to enhance or inhibit cell migration inhibition responses in patients and controls, is discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological immunological studies on leprosy in Okinawa. 6. Lepromin, lymphocyte transformation, FLA-ABS and leproagglutination tests in the in-and out-patients with leprosy and the relationships among these tests and personal or family history or clinical findings of the patients].

In- and out-patients with leprosy in Okinawa were surveyed by using the following immunological tests: cutaneous reaction to Mitsuda's lepromin (40 million bacilli/ml) (LPR), lymphocyte transformation test with Dharmendara's antigen (DL-LTT), that with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LTT), fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption test (FLA-ABS) and Leproagglutination test with cardiolipin-lecithin antigen (LAT). A correlation between two tests and a relationship between the test and personal or family history or clinical finding of the patients were evaluated by non-parametric statistics. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was significant between LPR and DL-LTT, while a reverse correlation was found between LPR and FLA-ABS, DL-LTT and FLA-ABS, and DL-LTT and LAT, respectively. High reactivity in PHA-LTT was found in almost all of patients, irrespective of type and stage of leprosy, suggesting general immune responsiveness of leprosy patients in Okinawa. The other tests showed a significant difference in the mean rank of reaction values according to clinical findings such as type and stage of leprosy, property of skin lesion, loss of eyebrow, and bacteriological test. The use of LPR and DL-LTT for the study of cell-mediated immunity in leprosy was therefore confirmed. FLA-ABS was found useful for early serodiagnosis, while LAT for the study of autoimmunity in leprosy. None of these immunological tests showed significant difference among the subgroups of patients classified by the following items: presence or absence of consanguineous patient with leprosy, living place, place of onset, presence or absence of neural symptoms such as the enlargement of peripheral nerve, claw hand and facial palsy, ocular and nasal involvement, ENL in lepromatous and borderline leprosy and conditions in the treatment. On the other hand, LPR showed higher reactivity in female than in male, in the patients at home than those discharged, and in the patients with drop foot than those without. Higher reactivity of DL-LTT was also found in male than in female and in the patients with plantar ulcer than those without. FLA-ABS reactivity was significantly higher in the discharged patients than the inpatients, in the period of 5 to 9 years after onset than that of 20 or more years, but the reactivity was lower in the patients with drop foot than those without. LAT reactivity was significantly higher in the 30-39 years old patients than 0-19 years old, and in the patients with physical work than those with mental.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Relative cross reactivity of habanin, lepromin and tuberculin in guinea pigs sensitized with homologous and heterologous mycobacteria.

An atypical strain Mycobacterium habana has been studied for its antigenic cross reactivity with delayed type of hypersensitivity responses in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs sensitized with M. habana, M. leprae and M. tuberculosis when challenged with habanin, lepromin and tuberculin in criss-cross fashion have demonstrated strong cross reactivity with each other. Possibilities of developing M. habana as a vaccine against tuberculosis and/or leprosy has been discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

The relationship between reactivities to lepromin A (Fernandez and Mitsuda) and a soluble protein antigen of Mycobacterium leprae.

Three methods of evaluation were used to investigate the relationship between skin test reactions elicited by different antigens of Mycobacterium leprae. The latter were the Fernandez and Mitsuda reactions to lepromin, and that to a Soluble Protein Antigen (SPA) of M. leprae. All three methods of evaluation demonstrated some degree of relationship though not as high as would be expected. The closest correlation was between Mitsuda and SPA reactions; while Fernandez and Mitsuda, and Fernandez and SPA reactions showed more or less similar coefficients of correlation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Behavior of the intradermal reaction with lepromin in sarcoidosis patients].

The Lepromin (Mitsuda) skin test was performed in 14 patients with sarcoidosis and in 40 controls. In the sarcoidosis patients results were negative in 85.8% and positive in 14.2%. In the control group, on the contrary, results were negative in 15.0% and positive in 85.0%. Thus it became evident that patients with sarcoidosis produce an impaired reaction to the characteristic granuloma formation of the Mitsuda test. This seems to be a paradoxical response, since sarcoidosis is an essentially granulomatous disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Combination of BCG and lepromin in the treatment of leprosy].

An unusual principle has been observed: when obliged to reproduce in a new medium ill-adapted to their development, mycobacteria abandon their common mode of reproduction--transversal division--and adopt a mode of evolution that puts less of a strain on their vitality: the long evolutive cycle, first described in 1899. In an initial step, the mycobacilli used for seeding purposes undergo auto-bacteriolysis, creating a cyanophilous fundamental substance which is in fact a symplasm due to the ex-bacillary microgranules, a multitude of independent and mobile genes. These genes merge according to a new and simpler arrangement: thus are formed the slender cocci that take the place of the amorphous cyanophilous substance. These cocci, released in the culture, multiply and lengthen into bacilli which merge to form a new amorphous cyanophilous substance. This new amorphous cyanophilous substance, thanks to another rearrangement of its genes, then forms a "crust" which undergoes exfoliation and crumbles into alcohol-acid-fast (a.a.f.) bacilli. Coryneforms and a.a.f. bacilli (mycobacteria) constitute two distinct agents with different and even occasionally opposite pathogenicities, as can be observed in co-cultures of Coryneforms (Hansen's bacillus or bacillus Calmette-Guérin) and tubercle (Koch's) bacillus. In such co-cultures, the tubercle bacilli progressively lose their vitality and virulence while, inversely, the Coryneforms reinforce their pathogenicity. Co-cultures of BCG and lepromin thus constitute an association with a particular property and most likely an auto-vaccinating activity against leprosy which is the subject of on-going research.

BCG Vaccine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of standard Dharmendra lepromin.

Dharmendra lepromin standardized at Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy (CJIL) by bacterial counts was used by different observers in four different Centres to assess the early and late reactions. Patients taken into the study were from different ethnic groups in different regions of the country. Comparable skin reactions were found at the Bombay Leprosy Project (BLP), Bombay and at the CJIL, Agra wherein a large number of patients were taken in the study. Similarly, when a smaller number of patients were taken in the study at the Base Hospital (BH), Barrackpore, and at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, the skin reactions noted in patients at these Centres were again found to be statistically comparable.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1983

Sequential histological study of lepromin reaction.

Skin testing with Dharmendra antigen was performed on 55 patients with TT, BT, BL, and LL types of leprosy and the reaction measured at different intervals from 24 hr to 28 days. At various time intervals, a biopsy specimen was taken from the reaction site. In TT and BT cases, the erythema was maximum at 48 hr; while the induration was maximum at 21 days. The sequence of the histological changes was built up on the observations made from different cases at varying intervals. The quantum of cellular exudate was high in TT and BT cases as compared to BL and LL cases. The cellular distribution showed loose scattering of cells in the LL and BL types and attempts to form tight clusters in the TT and BT cases. Neutrophils were predominant during the first 48 hr, particularly in the LL, BL, and BT types. By 72 hr the cells were mainly lymphocytic. A tendency for the lymphocytes to cluster around nerve twigs was seen in the TT and BT cases. In the early reaction the quantum of exudate correlated both with erythema and induration; while in the late reaction, it correlated with induration only. The intensity of the early lepromin reaction was more in BT than in TT leprosy, while the induration in the late reaction was more in TT than in BT types. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Skin test response to M. leprae precursor coccoid organisms in a high leprosy endemic area as compared to lepromin.

The paper describes the results on several hundred skin tests on humans using antigens from leprosy derived non-acid fast coccoid organisms, and a mycobacterium that grew out of one of the coccoid organisms. Early skin test response to the cytoplasmic fraction of one of the leprosy derived, non-acid fast, coccoid organism was very highly correlated with standard lepromin.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1982

Corticosteroids and lepromin sensitivity.

Corticosteroids are known to influence the hypersensitivity reaction in a number of diseases involving hypersensitivity of tissues and alter the antigen antibody reactions in vivo. Corticosteroids administered in thirty tuberculoid cases for a period of 3 weeks showed negative response in the lepromin positive cases uniformly thereby proving suppression of cell mediated immunity in tuberculoid cases under the influence of corticosteroids; hence polar concept of tuberculoid type may be under question with continuous and prolonged corticosteroid therapy under necessity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Epidemiological studies in children of a low-endemic region, a high-endemic region, and dwellers of a leprosy colony: evaluation of anti-ND-BSA antibodies and lepromin response.

Children residing in a low-endemic region (LER), a high-endemic region (HER), and a leprosy colony contact population (CP) were evaluated for lepromin response as well as reactivity to the Mycobacterium leprae-specific synthetic antigen, ND-BSA. The mean reactivity to ND-BSA in the LER group (OD 0.03 +/- 0.03, N = 71) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that in the contact population (OD 0.14 +/- 0.09, N = 140) as well as the population residing in the HER (OD 0.09 +/- 0.08, N = 1340). ELISA-positive results were the highest (21.4%) with the CP group and lowest (0.0%) in the LER group, suggesting that it was a measure of the extent of exposure of M. leprae. In the contact population, females showed a preponderance for ELISA positivity over males (p < 0.005), a finding not observed with the HER population. The Mitsuda responses showed a Gaussian-type distribution in all of the three populations examined with the mean response being highest in the LER (6.0 mm +/- 2.9) and lowest in the HER (4.5 mm +/- 2.0) groups. The percent positivity for the Mitsuda reaction was found to be highest in the LER (93.0%) and lowest in the HER (88.3%) groups. The Mitsuda response thus appears to be independent of M. leprae exposure, and its interpretation in a given population needs consideration of several factors, such as nutritional, environmental, etc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗