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PubMed1983

Pulmonary function in paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis). An analysis of the obstructive defect.

Comparison of the mean results of routine pulmonary function studies of 17 patients with diffuse pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis (PM) and manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to those of 17 matched patients with pure COPD showed no significant differences. These findings were interpreted as fresh evidence suggesting that expiratory obstruction in PM may be secondary to underlying COPD. Other evidence to that effect is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Semiinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: radiologic and pathologic findings in nine patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess the radiographic, thin-section CT, and histologic findings of semiinvasive aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included nine patients with COPD seen at the Hospital de Sant Pau during a 3-year period who had histopathologically proven aspergillosis with tissue invasion. Chest radiography and thin-section (2-mm collimation) CT of the chest were available in all cases. RESULTS: Nine patients had semiinvasive aspergillosis proven at autopsy (n = 7) or by thoracoscopically guided lung biopsy (n = 2). The radiologic findings consisted of parenchymal consolidation (n = 6) and nodules larger than 1 cm in diameter (n = 3). Parenchymal consolidation involved the upper lobes in five patients and was bilateral in four. Cavitation was present in two of the patients with consolidation and in two of the patients with nodular opacities. Adjacent pleural thickening was revealed by CT in four patients. Histologically, the areas of consolidation represented active inflammation and intraalveolar hemorrhage containing Aspergillus organisms. In the three patients with multiple cavitated nodules, a variable degree of central necrosis was observed. The inflammatory infiltrate extended into the surrounding lung parenchyma, and adjacent areas of hemorrhage were also seen. Aspergillus colonies were identified within the lung tissue. CONCLUSION: Upper lobe consolidation or multiple nodules in patients with COPD should raise the possibility of semiinvasive aspergillosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary complications in cancer patients.

Pulmonary complications of cancer and cancer therapy represent a broad spectrum of disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to achieve an optimal outcome.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2001

Blastomyces dermatitidis with large yeast forms.

Yeast forms of Blastomyces dermatitidis typically range from 8 to 20 microm in largest diameter. We report a rare case of primary pulmonary blastomycosis with an unusual morphology, in which we found significant numbers of large yeast forms ranging from 30 to 35 microm in diameter. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of giant forms of B dermatitidis. We also review the literature and discuss the possible association of this unusual morphology with immunosuppression in general and glucocorticoid use in particular.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Lung parasites of shrews from Pennsylvania.

We examined lung parasites of three species of soricids, Sorex cinereus (n = 58), Sorex fumeus (n = 23) and Blarina brevicauda (n = 45) collected from Pennsylvania (USA), from 1990 to 1995. Yeast-like cells of Hisfoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum were found in lung sections stained with Grocott's modification of Gomori's methenamine silver, periodic acid-Schiff, Giemsa, and hematoxylin-eosin in two (3%) S. cinereus, eight (35%) S. fumeus and two (4%) B. brevicauda. The number of spores of H. capsulatum in the lungs was low and no inflammatory reaction was evident. The infection was not disseminated to other organs. This is the first report of H. capsulatum infection in any species of shrews of the genus Sorex and the prevalence in S. fumeus was remarkably high compared to those reported for other wild mammals. A nematode, possibly Angiostrongylus michiganensis, was found in the lungs of one S. fumeus on necropsy and in a stained lung section of one S. cinereus. In both cases the host was also infected with the fungus. Pneumocystis carinii, which is the most common lung parasite in Sorex araneus (the numerically dominant Eurasian species of shrew), was not found in any of the North American species of shrew examined in this study.

Angiostrongylus↗
PubMed1998

[Pulmonary complications occurring after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for and pathogenesis of pulmonary complications (PC) occurred after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). METHODS: The PC in 185 patients undergone allo-BMT were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-three PC episodes were observed in 89 patients and most of them were due to infections, including bacterial pneumonia (n = 27), interstitial pneumonia (n = 7), pulmonary fungus disease (n = 16), tuberculosis (n = 4), obstructive lung disease (n = 2), pulmonary edema (n = 2), lung abscess (n = 1) and 34 episodes caused by two or more pathogens. The overall mortality for PC was 12.43% (23/185). CONCLUSION: The risk factors for PC occurred after allo-BMT were not related to age and sex of recipients, bone marrow status before BMT, conditioning regimen and pulmonary function. Graft-versus-host-disease significantly increased the morbidity and mortality of PC after allo-BMT.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Anatomic clinical case. Septic state in a patient with chronic obstructive lung disease].

Invasive aspergillosis is a mycelial infection, associated in 15 to 30% of cases with a malignant hemopathy or with other types of cancers. It also constitutes a complication induced by high dosage corticotherapy or long term antibiotherapy. On the occasion of an autopsy of invasive aspergillosis, we review the anatomo-clinical entities associated with aspergillus, the etiopathogenic factors and the diagnostic difficulties.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Severe pulmonary sarcoidosis].

Mediastinal and pulmonary localizations are found in 90% of al patients with sarcoidosis. In half the cases, the disease is not severe and is reversible without treatment. In the other half of cases, early or late respiratory complications can be seen. Early complications include subacute respiratory insufficiency by interstitial lung disease or by bronchial airway obstruction. Among late complications, the most frequent is pulmonary fibrosis. Four computed tomography patterns are found with variable functional impairments and course. Chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency can be the consequence of specific bronchial lesions or pulmonary fibrosis surrounding proximal bronchi. Cor pulmonale is seen in 5% of cases. Aspergilloma seen in fibroemphysematous lesions can be the cause of major hempoptysis. Respiratory complications account for half of the 5% of deaths due to sarcoidosis. Respiratory complications are most often seen in radiographic stage III and IV disease. Treatments, mainly corticosteroids, only exert a suspensive effect but reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory manifestations. The gain obtained by treatment depends on the choice of the best time of institution and on the quality of monitoring. Lung transplantation is useful in most severe cases unresponsive to medical treatment.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1975

[Therapeutic procedure in acute pulmonary and pleuropulmonary diseases].

The treatment of acute infections of the lung tissue, of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and of large pleural effusions and pneumothorax is discused. At the onset of these acute situations, the therapeutic decision has sometimes to be made before a definite diagnosis is available. Clinical, radiological and statistical factors often condition the first steps of treatment. Once the definite diagnosis has been established it is usually possible to adapt the treatment to accepted principles, which are dwelt on in detail.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1961

Pulmonary mycoses.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Lung Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ground-glass opacity: interpretation of high resolution CT findings.

Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a common finding on high resolution CT, characterised by areas of hazy increased attenuation of the lung with preservation of bronchial and vascular margins; it is not to be confused with consolidation, in which bronchovascular structures are obscured. It correlates with several pathogenic processes, such as like partial filling of air spaces, inflammatory or fibrotic interstitial thickening, increased capillary blood volume. Infiltrative GGO can representing either interstitial or alveolar processes. GGO is a nonspecific finding; however, the correlation with any of the associated CT findings (nodular lesions, consolidation, septal thickening, fibrosis, vessels or airway calibre alterations, air trapping), and clinical data is helpful in narrowing the range of diagnostic possibilities, or even in suggesting a specific diagnosis. GGO can indicate a potentially treatable disease, help guide the type and location of biopsy and evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. This review discusses the types of lung disease associated with GGO, and the differential diagnosis between GGO caused by infiltrative processes and the mosaic patterns of lung attenuation caused by primary vascular diseases or airway abnormalities. This distinction can be made by evaluating the vessel calibre and air trapping on expiratory scans.

Adult↗