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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Hormonal control of birth behavior in the bandicoot (Perameles gunnii: Marsupialia) and other marsupials.

The barred bandicoot is a small marsupial, locally common on the island of Tasmania, Australia. Several marsupial species have been shown to respond to injections of prostaglandin F2alpha or oxytocin by demonstrating birth behavior but that if an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis was given prior to oxytocin, no birth behavior was demonstrated. The barred bandicoot has behaved in a similar manner, demonstrating a significant increase in grooming and three other behaviors (crouching/prone, lateral and 'birth') were only seen after injection of PGF2alpha or oxytocin. The fact that after injection of oxytocin there was an increase in the latency till a birth response confirms a previous finding in another species. Subsequently, we have repeated these experiments with other marsupial groups, with similar results, which suggest that prostaglandin F2alpha stimulates birth behavior and oxytocin stimulates prostaglandin production in most marsupials.

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PubMed1979

The anoplocephalid cestode parasites of the spectacled hare-wallaby Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould, 1842 (Marsupialia: Macropodidae).

Progamotaenia gynandrolinearis sp. nov. is described from the small intestine of Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould, 1842 from Barrow I., Western Australia. It is distinguished from other species by the small number of testes arranged in a single transverse row. Progamotaenia lagorchestis (Lewis, 1914) is redescribed. The name Progamotaenia thylogale sp. nov. is proposed for a second species described previously under the name P. lagorchestis. Progamotaenia zschokkei (Janicki, 1905), Progamotaenia festiva (Rudolphi, 1819) and Progamotaenia villosa (Lewis, 1914) were also found in L. conspicillatus.

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PubMed1999

Linstowinema, Smales, 1997 (Nematoda : Seuratidae) from dasyurids (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae) from Australia.

Linstowinema edmondsi (Echinonematinae) from Dasyurus hallucatus (Dasyuridae) is redescribed. It can be differentiated from all species of Linstowinema occurring in bandicoots (Peramelidae) in having the first row of cephalic hooks as long as or longer than the second row. L. gracile n. sp. is described from Phascogale tapoatafa and Dasycercus cristicauda, and can be distinguished from all previously described species of Linstowinema in not having a cuticular dilation of the oesophageal region of the body. L. rosamondae n. sp. from Dasykaluta rosamondae, described from females, also lacks the cuticular dilation of the oesophageal region and can be distinguished from L. gracile in having 18-19 rows of body hooks compared with 15. Other Linstowinema spp. for which there is presently insufficient material available for a full description include a single female occurring in Dasyurus viverrinus from Sydney, New South Wales, a single male occurring in Parantechinus bilarni from Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory and three damaged immature males occurring in Sminthopsis leucopus from Timbillica State Forest, New South Wales. Fourth stage larvae of Linstowinema have three rows of cephalic hooks but no body hooks, only spines. Fourth-stage larvae moulting to fifth-stage have body hooks however. This suggests that the genus Linstowinema, with body hooks, may have been derived from the echinomatine genus Inglechina which does not have body hooks.

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PubMed1999

Redescriptions of the species of Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819 (Nematoda: Spirurida) parasitic in bandicoots (Marsupialia: Perameloidea) in Australia.

The species of Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819 (Nematoda: Spirurida) occurring in bandicoots (families Peramelidae and Thalacomyidae) in Australia were re-examined and re-described. Physaloptera peramelis Johnston & Mawson, 1939 was found in Perameles nasuta Geoffroy and occasionally in Isoodon macrourus (Gould) in eastern Australia. Ph. peragale Johnson & Mawson, 1940 from Macrotis leucura (Thomas) from the Northern Territory is treated as a junior synonym of Ph. peramelis. Ph. thalacomys Johnston & Mawson, 1940, originally described from Macrotis leucura from the Northern Territory was also found to occur in Perameles gunnii Gray in Victoria. Specimens here identified simply as Physaloptera sp. were found in both Perameles nasuta and Isoodon macrourus from north-eastern New South Wales. They may be Ph. parvicollaris Johnston & Mawson, 1940 or Ph. sarcophili Johnston & Mawson, 1940, but current deficiencies in the descriptions of these two named species preclude an unequivocal identification of the specimens found in bandicoots.

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PubMed1999

Rugonema labiatum n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from the stomach of Macropus irma (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Western Australia.

Rugonema labiatum n. g., n. sp. is described from the stomach of Macropus irma (Jourdan) from Western Australia. The new genus possesses four branches to the dorsal ray, has a cylindrical buccal capsule and lacks a cervical groove, placing it within the subfamily Cloacininae Stossich, 1899. The presence of a prominently striated buccal capsule and labial as well as cephalic collars places the genus within the tribe Pharyngostrongylinea Popova, 1952, but it is distinguished from all existing genera within the tribe by the possession of four lips. The presence of lips is an important characteristic of the related tribe Zoniolaiminea (Popova, 1952) and the characters used in distinguishing these two tribes are discussed.

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PubMed2000

Durettechina beveridgei n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) from Antechinus spp. (Dasyuridae: Marsupialia) from Australia.

Durettechina beveridgei n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) is described from Antechinus flavipes (Dasyuridae) from Victoria and New South Wales. A single female from A. bellus from the Northern Territory may also be D. beveridgei. This new genus is compared with other genera of the Echinonematinae, to which it has been assigned. The genus has a unique body armature and most closely resembles Chabaudechina, in the armature of the cephalic bulb, but has four rather than five rows of hooks, and Linstowinema, in having body hooks on the cuticle of the anterior region, but has 18-22 hooks in each row rather than 14-16. The hooks of Durettechinca are also smaller and have a less complex root morphology than those of Linstowinemna. Durettechina resembles Seurechinac and Chabaudechina in having caudal alae into which papillae extend, but differs from both these genera in the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae, as well as in the body armature. Durettechina, is most different from Bainechina, which has neither hooks on a cephalic bulb nor body hooks on the anterior region nor caudal alae.

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PubMed2000

Intraspecific variation in the distribution of the interstitial telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences in Micoureus demerarae (Marsupialia: Didelphidae).

The distribution of the telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n was studied in chromosomes of Micoureus demerarae (2n = 14), a South American marsupial, by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). The telomeric repeat sequence was present at both ends of all chromosomes, but also various interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) were detected in the pericentromeric heterochromatic regions. Intraspecific differences in the number of ITS (2 to 8) were observed without intraindividual variation. The presence of telomere-like sequences in the same regions of constitutive heterochromatin suggest that these segments are not necessarily remnants of true telomeres resulting from chromosome rearrangements but could be part of the satellite DNA.

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PubMed2002

A cladistic analysis of the tribe Labiostrongylinea Beveridge, 1983 (Nematoda: Cloacinidae) parasitic in macropodoid marsupials (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea), with a redescription of Parazoniolaimus collaris Johnston & Mawson, 1939.

Morphological characters of both adult and juvenile representatives of the genera comprising the Labiostrongylinea (Strongylida: Cloacinidae: Cloacininae) were examined to prepare an amended description of Paralabiostrongylus bicollaris, a redescription of Parazoniolaimus collaris and a cladistic analysis of the tribe. A cluster of Wallabinema spp., with a fleshy collar on which amphids and deirids are borne, was used as the outgroup for the analysis. The 50% consensus tree, bootstrapped through 1000 replicates, derived from the cladistic analysis had a basal polytomy of Dorcopsinema and Paralabiostrongylus; and a crown polytomy of Labiosimplex, Labiomultiplex, Parazoniolaimus, Labiostrongylus and Potorostrongylus. This analysis provided reasonable evidence for considering all 7 clades as being of generic status and amended diagnoses were prepared. The morphology of the cephalic end of fourth stage juveniles, cephalic papillae and amphids lying posterior to the lips, gave support to the contentions that a fleshy collar is a plesiomorphic character and that Dorcopsinema is the most primitive genus within the group. There was, however, insufficient support from morphological data to provide a robust resolution of generic relationships. Host and biogeographical data were indicative of Paralabiostrongylus and Labiosimplex having been derived from ancestral Dorcopsinema, then Labiostrongylus, Labiomultiplex and Parazoniolaimus derived from ancestral Labiosimplex, and Potorostrongylus from ancestral Labiomultiplex. Additional data, derived from molecular sequencing, is needed to help resolve the relationships within the tribe.

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PubMed1979

Galactose-1 phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency in the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus; marsupialia): a model system for gene therapy studies.

The western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) was found to be deficient for galactose-1 phosphate uridyl transferase (GPUT). This species could be used therefore for studies of gene therapy techniques. An improved GPUT assay procedure was developed. It was found that phage particles injected intravenously remain in the blood of kangaroos until the particles are removed by the reticuloendothelial system or, if this system is overloaded, the particles are inactivated by the immune system four days later. No effective transgenosis was detected of the bacterial gal operon contained in the phage used.

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PubMed1999

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within the remnant populations of the endangered numbat (Marsupialia: Myrmecobiidae: Myrmecobius fasciatus).

The numbat has been reduced to two populations in Western Australia. To better understand the effects of range reduction on gene flow and genetic variation, and to address questions crucial for the species' management, we analysed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of free-ranging individuals and museum specimens. The results suggest recent connectivity between the remnant populations, although one of those may have lost significant amounts of genetic diversity during the recent population size reduction. We propose that for management purposes the remnant populations should be treated as a single historical lineage and that, subject to certain caveats, consideration should be given to population augmentation by translocation.

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PubMed1999

Phylogeographical population structure of tiger quolls Dasyurus maculatus (Dasyuridae: Marsupialia), an endangered carnivorous marsupial.

Tiger quolls, Dasyurus maculatus, are the largest carnivorous marsupials still extant on the mainland of Australia, and occupy an important ecological niche as top predators and scavengers. Two allopatric subspecies are recognized, D.m. gracilis in north Queensland, and D.m. maculatus in the southeast of the mainland and Tasmania. D.m. gracilis is considered endangered while D.m. maculatus is listed as vulnerable to extinction; both subspecies are still in decline. Phylogeographical subdivision was examined to determine evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and management units (MUs) among populations of tiger quolls to assist in the conservation of these taxa. Ninety-three tiger quolls from nine representative populations were sampled from throughout the species range. Six nuclear microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (471 bp) were used to examine ESUs and MUs in this species. We demonstrated that Tasmanian tiger quolls are reciprocally monophyletic to those from the mainland using mtDNA analysis, but D.m. gracilis was not monophyletic with respect to mainland D.m. maculatus. Analysis of microsatellite loci also revealed significant differences between the Tasmanian and mainland tiger quolls, and between D.m. gracilis and mainland D.m. maculatus. These results indicate that Tasmanian and mainland tiger quolls form two distinct evolutionary units but that D.m. gracilis and mainland D.m. maculatus are different MUs within the same ESU. The two marker types used in this study revealed different male and female dispersal patterns and indicate that the most appropriate units for short-term management are local populations. A revised classification and management plan are needed for tiger quolls, particularly in relation to conservation of the Tasmanian and Queensland populations.

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PubMed1999

Linstowinema breve n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) a parasite of Antechinus agilis (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) from Australia.

A new echinonematine nematode, Linstowinema breve sp. n., from the small intestine of the dasyurid marsupial Anthechinus agilis is described. The species is distinguished from its congeners by the possession of the following suite of characters: small size; first and third row of cephalic hooks similar in size; second row larger; 13-15 rows of body hooks without undulating edges on the dilated cuticle of the oesophageal region; oesophagus terminating at the level of the 5th-7th row of body hooks; ten pairs of caudal papillae; a large pair of lateral ad-cloacal papillae extend into small lateral alae. Linstowinema larvae previously recorded from A. agilis may be the same species. A key to species of the genus linstowinema is provided.

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PubMed2003

Pseudophysaloptera enigmatica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from Dactylopsila trivirgata Gray, 1858 (Marsupialia: Petauridae) in Australia, with a review of the genus.

The nematode Pseudophysaloptera enigmatica sp. nov. is described from the stomach of Dactylopsila trivirgata Gray, 1858, in Queensland, Australia. The new species is distinguished from congeners by its size and features present on the tail of the male. P. enigmatica sp. nov. is considerably larger than virtually all congeners, and can be differentiated by the presence of spicules and the shape and distribution of caudal papillae in the male tail. This is the first record of the genus in Australia and in marsupials. A review of the genus is provided.

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PubMed2003

Rileyella petauri gen. nov., sp. nov. (Pentastomida: Cephalobaenida) from the lungs and nasal sinus of Petaurus breviceps (Marsupialia: Petauridae) in Australia.

A new cephalobaenid pentastome, Rileyella petauri gen: nov., sp. nov. from the lungs and nasal sinus of the petaurid marsupial, Petaurus breviceps, is described. It is the smallest adult pentastome known to date, represents the first record of a mammal as the definitive host of a cephalobaenid and may represent the only pentastome known to inhabit the lungs of a mammal through all its instars, with the exception of patent females. Adult males, non-gravid females and nymphs moulting to adults occur in the lungs; gravid females occur in the nasal sinus. R. petauri is minute and possesses morphological features primarily of the Cephalobaenida but the glands in the cephalothorax and the morphology of the copulatory spicules are similar to some members of the remaining pentastomid order, the Porocephalida. This unusual combination of features distinguish the new genus from other genera in the Cephalobaenida. The occurrence of only seven fully-formed larvae in eggs in the uterus, each representing about 10% of the length of the patent female, and her presence in the nasal sinus of a dependent juvenile P. breviceps (36 gm) implies a direct life cycle.

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