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PubMed1992

[Diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal neoplasms and cysts].

Possessing experience in the treatment of 314 patients with tumors and cysts of the mediastinum, the authors discuss problems of their diagnosis and surgical treatment. The patients' ages ranged from 7 to 64 years. Tumors were recognized in 216 (68.8%) and cysts in 98 (31.3%) patients. The radiological method, including computed tomography, is the main method for the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors and cysts. The presence of a pathological structure in the mediastinum is an indication for surgery independent of the development of complications. Operations for tumors and cysts of the mediastinum must be carried out in specialized medical institutions because they are complicated surgical interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Lymphoproliferative disorders presenting as mediastinal neoplasms.

Lymphoproliferative disorders may present in any organ of the body. The mediastinum is an uncommon location for presentation of these heterogeneous disorders, but involvement of the mediastinum may be the sole site of disease for several aggressive lymphomas. Both Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may present in the mediastinum. The most common types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the mediastinum include lymphoblastic lymphoma and mediastinal large cell lymphoma. These lymphomas most commonly develop in the anterior mediastinum but may be seen in the middle and posterior mediastinum. Symptoms associated with a mediastinal presentation of a lymphoproliferative disorder are often attributable to compression of mediastinal structures (eg, superior vena cava syndrome) or invasion of thoracic structures such as the pericardium or pleura. Although staging can be performed with routine imaging studies, surgical intervention is often required to ensure accurate histologic diagnosis of these lymphomas. Once a diagnosis has been established, therapeutic modalities usually include chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[The role of large granular lymphocytes of the blood in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal neoplasms].

Examined were 57 patients with teratomas, cysts, lymphoepithelial and malignant thymomas. One hundred donors of the blood served as a control. In the blood of the normal subjects, (0.315 +/- 0.014) X 10(9)/L of large granule-containing lymphocytes were revealed, in patients with benign tumours--(0.2 +/- 0.02) X 10(9)/L, with lymphoepithelial thymomas--(0.037 +/- 0.004) X 10(9)/L. The data obtained indicate the increased immune depression in the organism in development of tumour process, and depend on degree of its malignization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Malignant mediastinal neoplasms in children].

The information on the treatment of 151 children aged under 15 years at the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology in 1973-1999 is presented. Non-Hodgkin's disease was diagnosed in 113 children. Among them 30 patients (74.8%) had tumors of the sympathetic nervous system, malignant thymomas were found in 6 children (4.0%), germinogenic tumors in 2 children. The above mentioned formations had certain distinctions in gender of the patients, period of medical history, clinical manifestations, immediate and long-term results of treatment. The non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found to have a more aggressive course of development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Metastatic mediastinal neoplasm masquerading as aortic dissection: a skip sign on computed tomography for their distinction.

Four years after undergoing a left lower lobe lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma, a 77-year-old man presented with a mass lesion in the left upper mediastinum associated with chest pain. Computed tomography revealed a homogeneous density immediately adjacent to the aortic arch and thoracic aorta consistent with aortic dissection. Upon thoracotomy, however, the lesion was found to be an oat cell carcinoma. Retrospective review of the computed tomography scans detected a normal segment of descending aorta, indicating the interruption of the paraaortic lesion. Such a skip sign can be used to rule out aortic dissection.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of mediastinal neoplasms].

The authors share their experiences with examination and surgical treatment of 163 patients with various neoplasms of the mediastinum. The first place among the neoplasms is occupied by tumors of the lymphatic apparatus (33%), the second--by tumors of the thymus (21%). The video-thoracoscopic technique was used in 17 of 131 operations performed. Complications after the operations took place in 6 patients (4.5%), two patients died (1.5%). A conclusion is made that the patients of this category must be treated not only by thoracic surgeons but also by hematologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons and specialists in radiation therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Oesophageal tuberculosis mimicking secondary oesophageal involvement of mediastinal neoplasm.

During the last decade the number of cases of abdominal tuberculosis diagnosed in Western countries has dramatically increased. There are many reasons, including the appearance of AIDS and the increased morbidity of people across the world due to the westward migration of many people coming from areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Oesophageal involvement is rare in tuberculosis, occurring mainly as an extension of the disease from the adjacent tuberculous lymph nodes. Fifty-eight cases of oesophageal tuberculosis have so far been reported. We describe a patient affected by oesophageal tuberculosis mimicking secondary oesophageal involvement of mediastinal malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinal paraganglioma.

The magnetic resonance (MR) findings are presented of a nonfunctioning mediastinal paraganglioma on both T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. The MR characteristics of this tumor differentiate it from previously reported functioning mediastinal paragangliomas (pheochromocytoma) and from other benign mediastinal neoplasms, although mediastinal bronchogenic carcinoma may produce a similar appearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

High-resolution microscopy of lung and intrathoracic tumors.

Effective chemotherapy is available for many types of lung tumors; however, to select the most appropriate regimen, precise classification is essential. The most important differentiation is that between small cell and non-small cell anaplastic carcinoma. It is also important to distinguish mediastinal neoplasms and neoplasms metastatic to lung from primary lung tumors. Processing tissue in methacrylate and epoxy resins results in excellent preservation of histologic detail and allows for maximum resolution under the light microscope. In addition, histochemical and immunochemical procedures can be carried out in these preparations, allowing the pathologist to more precisely classify the various tumors.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

[Role of video-assisted thoracoscopy in diagnosis of neoplasms in mediastinal organs].

Diagnostic potential of video-assisted thoracoscopy was evaluated in 66 patients (36 males and 30 females) with neoplasms (aged 24-68 yrs). When used in conjunction with biopsy, it confirmed the following diagnoses: lymph proliferative disease (23), mediastinal malignancies (11), sarcoidosis (21), benign mediastinal tumors (7), Castleman's benign lymphoma (2) and mediastinal cyst (2). Clinical diagnosis was substantially changed in 40 (61%) cases as a result of videothoracoscopy application. It has proved precise, fairly safe and conservative; it has a potential in diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine-needle aspiration in diagnosis of lung neoplasm and mediastinal lymph node metastasis].

OBJECTIVE: To access the feasibility, safety and accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in patients with suspected lung neoplasm and metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes. METHODS: Using a linear array scanning endosonography (Pentax FG32-UA) and a 22-guage GIP (Medi-Globe) needle, we performed EUS-FNA in 10 patients including 6 patients with lung mass and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, 1 patient with a mass in the right lung, 1 patient with a mass near the esophagus, and 2 patients with extensive enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The data collected included lesions types, complications and diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: EUS-FNA revealed small cell carcinoma in 5 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 1, adenocarcinoma in 1, and benign lymph nodes in 2. Malignancy was confirmed by follow-up in 7 patients, and benign tumor was confirmed by mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy or follow-up in 2 patients. In 1 patient, FNA sample was not diagnosed because of inadequate specimen. None of the patients had complications caused by any procedures. CONCLUSION: EUS-FNA is safe, reliable and accurate in diagnosis of suspicious lung neoplasm and mediastinal lymph node.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Primary mediastinal tumors. Part 1: tumors of the anterior mediastinum.

Primary anterior mediastinal neoplasms comprise a diverse group of tumors and account for 50% of all mediastinal masses. Thymomas are most common and can be locally invasive and associated with parathymic syndromes. Thymic carcinomas and thymic carcinoids are rare malignancies with a propensity for local invasion and distant metastases. Thymolipomas are benign thymic tumors. The mediastinal germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant neoplasms. Mediastinal lymphangiomas are rare tumors and predominantly occur in young children. In contrast, mediastinal goiters are relatively common in adults. Mediastinal parathyroid adenomas are an uncommon cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism and rarely cause a discernible mass. The clinical, radiologic, and therapeutic aspects of the most common masses are reviewed.

Adenoma↗